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21. - I was late for work this morning. - _________. You started early, didn’t you? A. Why not?            B. So what?         C. How come?         D. Never mind.

22.I remember seeing this kind of _______ product in _______ city of Shanghai, which is known as _______ Paris of the East.

A. the; the; the           B. /; the; the         C. the; /; the         D. the; a; /

23. We couldn’t afford to pay the lawyer’s _______.

  A. fee              B. fare               C. expense         D. charge

24. Of all the plays performed recently, _______ is so impressive as “Hamlet” by Shakespeare.

  A. few              B. nothing          C. no one          D. none

25. - Don’t you agree with what he said?

  -Yes,_______! It can’t be better.

A.approximately     B. absolutely         C. relatively         D. partly

26. _______ the weather, the sports meet will be held on time.

A.Instead of         B.In relation to     C.Regardless of    D.In favor of

27. _______ people gathered in the city square, mourning for fellow countrymen who lost their lives in the disaster.

  A. Several dozen of  B. Several dozens of  C. Several score of   D. Several scores of

28. When I spent my holidays in Europe, I bought _______ vases.

  A. two lovely big old German            B. two lovely old big German

  C. two German big old lovely            D. lovely big two old German

29. -_______ he have been chosen as captain of our school football team?

  - Yes, he _______. Can’t you see he’s wearing an armband(袖标)?

  A. Can; can      B. Must; must have   C. Can; must have  D. Must; must

30. - Sorry, I _______ to buy the book you need for you.

- Never mind. _______ it myself after school.

A. forget; I’d rather buy                B. forgot; I’ll buy 

C. forgot; I’m going to buy             D. forget; I’d better buy

31. _______ the best in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships ________21,000 dollars.

A. Judged; totaling                   B. To be judged; totaled  

C. Having judged; to total               D. judging; would total

32. - Was it not until last week ______ he decided to give up smoking?

- No. He began _____ he saw the new film last month.

A. when; as soon as   B. that; directly   C. did; after    D. that; till

33. _______ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.

   A.So successful her business was      B.So successful was her business

20090908
 
   C.Such successful business she had     D.So was successful her business

34. I can think of many cases ______ the media have a strong effect on young men.

  A. why            B. which         C. as          D. where

35. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do     it takes to save her life.

A. whichever        B. however        C. whatever      D. whoever

第二节:完形填空 (共30小题,每小题1.5分, 共30分)

通读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后在各题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案。

Nick was not the kind of boy I had expected to spend my summer with. I was hoping to have a  36  the summer before my busy senior year, but my mother asked me to do her a  37  . One of her colleagues needed a full-time  38_ “You planned to volunteer at the local hospital, why not volunteer to  39  Nick instead?” Then she told me that this six-year-old boy was not a  40  child.

Nick was a lovely little boy who suffered from many disorders. Normal day-care centers would not  41  him. As a baby, he had serious ear infections which left him with equilibrium(平衡)problems. He couldn’t  42  or run properly. I was  43  if I was to take the job when my mother  44  , “Don’t you want to be a nurse in the future? I doubt if you even have the  45  .”

Then I told her I was  46  for the job.

The day started at 7:00 a.m. Nick was my wake-up call! With so much energy and very little  47  , he was quite a mix.

At the park, when he saw all the other children play on the jungle gym and swings, the boy’s face  48  up. How he wished he belonged to the group of his age! You would think it would be  49  to get a child to go down a slide(滑梯). Believe me, it wasn’t! It took time, a lot of time. But with patience and support, Nick took one step up the slide each day. We worked together to face his  50  and gradually he got closer to taking the slide of his life. 

Halfway through the summer, he  51  it to the top of the slide. With my arms holding him tightly, we flew down the slide! I waited for his  52  . After realizing that he was safe and sound, he gave me a big  53  and asked, “May I go down again, alone?”

I had never been happier in my life when I saw this little child climb the ladder and enjoy what other children  54  for granted.

This  55  child taught me that being a nurse means respect, kindness and patience.

36.A.relaxation      B.course         C.project        D.grade

37.A.favour        B.service         C.business       D.trade

38.A.guide         B.waitress        C.guard         D.nurse

39.A.protect        B.assist          C.attend         D.comfort

40.A.normal        B.naughty       C.clever         D.happy

41.A.admit         B.accept         C.receive        D.adopt

42.A.speak         B.play          C.walk          D.stand

43.A.wondering     B.hesitating      C.questioning     D.doubting

44.A.suggested      B.argued        C.challenged     D.commented

45.A.courage       B.energy         C.faith          D.time

46.A.eager         B.sorry          C.grateful       D.ready

47.A.balance        B.awareness      C.knowledge     D.control

48.A.delighted      B.cheered        C.shut          D.lit

49.A.demanding     B.simple         C.interesting     D.flexible

50.A.worries        B.fears          C.chances        D.situations

51.A.climbed       B.made         C.managed       D.got

52.A.reaction       B.laughter       C.answer        D.greeting

53.A.surprise       B.clap          C.welcome       D.kiss

54.A.take          B.do            C.play          D.enjoy

55.A.miserable          B.smart       C.brave        D.special

试题详情

(六)基因的自由组合定律在实践中的应用

1.指导杂交育种:可根据需要,把具有不同优良性状的两个亲本的优良性状组合到一起,选育优良品种。

2.提供遗传病的预测和诊断的理论依据:人们可根据基因的自由组合定律分析家系中两种或两种以上遗传病后代发病的概率。

疑难点拨

1.基因分离定律与基因自由组合定律有什么关系?

答:基因自由组合定律的实质是:位于非同源染色体上的非等位基因的分离或组合是互不干扰的。在进行减数分裂形成配子的过程中,同源染色体上的等位基因彼此分离,同时非同源染色体上的非等位基因自由组合。从实质中可知,“非同源染色体上的非等位基因自由组合”的前提是“同源染色体上的等位基因彼此分离”。因此基因的分离定律是基因自由组合定律的基础。

2.解答与基因自由组合定律有关题的一种方法-分枝法

有关基因自由组合定律的遗传应用题常涉及两对、三对或更多对的等位基因,在分析时,可先考虑一对等位基因的遗传情况,然后把各对等位基因的遗传情况根据乘法原理组合起来。

例:图22-1为白化病(A-a)和色盲(B-b)两种遗传病的家族系谱图。如Ⅲ8与Ⅲ11结婚,生育一个既是色盲又是白化病孩子的概率为    

 

⑴先求生一个白化病孩子的概率。由图可知Ⅲ8为白化病患者,因此她的基因型为aa;Ⅲ11的姐姐为白化病患者,推出他的双亲基因型都为Aa,因此Ⅲ11基因型为Aa的概率是2/3;由此可知,Ⅲ8与Ⅲ11结婚生一个白化病孩子的概率为2/3×1/2=1/3。

⑵再求生一个色盲孩子的概率。Ⅲ8的哥哥为色盲,则她的母亲为色盲基因的携带者,Ⅲ8的基因型为XBXB或XBXb,是XBXb的概率为1/2;Ⅲ11的基因型为XBY;Ⅲ8与Ⅲ11结婚生一个色盲孩子的概率为1/2×1/4=1/8。

⑶最后求生一个既是色盲又是白化病孩子的概率。生一个既是色盲又是白化病孩子的概率为1/8×1/3=1/24。

巩固练习

1.某生物的体细胞含有4对染色体,若每对染色体含有一对杂合基因,且等位基因具有显隐性关系,则该生物产生的精子中,全部为显性基因的概率是

A.1/2      B.1/4       C.1/8       D.1/6

2.设小麦红粒(R)对白粒(r)为显性,抗锈病(T)对易感锈病(t)为显性,这两对性状独立遗传。用表现型为红粒、抗锈病的小麦与表现型为红粒、易感锈病的小麦杂交,子代中红粒株与白粒株之比为3∶1,抗锈病株与易感锈病株之比为1∶1,由此可以推知该杂交亲本的基因型分别为         

3.父本基因型为AABb,母本基因型为AaBb,其F1不可能出现的基因型是

    A.AABb         B.Aabb          C.AaBb          D.aabb

4.豌豆灰种皮(G)对白种皮(g)为显性,黄子叶(Y)对绿子叶(y)为显性。每对性状的杂合子(F1)自交后代(F2)均表现3:1的性状分离比。以上种皮颜色的分离比和子叶颜色的分离比分别来自对以下哪代植株群体所结种子的统计?

    A.F1植株和F1植株                B.F2植株和F2植株

    C.F1植株和F2植株                 D.F2植株和F1植株

5.小麦的高秆(D)对矮秆(d)是显性,抗锈病(T)对不抗锈病(t)是显性,控制两对相对性状的基因分别位于两对同源染色体上。现有三个纯系品种:高秆不抗锈病、矮秆不抗锈病、高秆抗锈病小麦,如要培育出矮秆抗锈病品种,应该选择的亲本基因型分别是              

6.基因型为AAbbCC与aaBBcc的小麦进行杂交,这三对等位基因分别位于非同源染色体上,F1杂种形成的配子种类数和F2的基因型种类数分别是  

  A.4和9   B.4和27   C.8和27   D.32和81

7.桃的果实成熟时,果肉与果皮粘连的称为粘皮,不粘连的称为离皮;果肉与果核粘连的称为粘核,不粘连的称为离核。已知离皮(A)对粘皮(a)为显性,离核(B)对粘核(b)为显性。现将粘皮、离核的桃(甲)与离皮、粘核的桃(乙)杂交,所产生的子代出现4种表现型。由此推断,甲、乙两株桃的基因型分别是

  A.AABB、aabb   B.aaBB、AAbb     C. aaBB、Aabb   D.aaBb、Aabb

8.某生物的基因型为AaBBRr,非等位基因位于非同源染色体上,该生物产生的配子的类型中有(  )

A.ABR和aBR  B.ABr和abR  C.aBR和AbR   D.ABR和abR

9.番茄是自花授粉植物,已知红果(R)对黄果(r)为显性,正常果形(F)对多棱果(f)为显性。以上两对基因分别位于非同源染色体上。现有红色多棱果品种、黄色正常果形品种和黄色多棱果品种(三个品种均为纯合体),育种家期望获得红色正常果形的新品种,为此进行杂交。试回答下列问题:

(1)应选用以上哪两个品种作为杂交亲本?

(2)上述两亲本杂交产生的F1代具有何种基因型和表现型?

(3)在F2代中红色正常果形植株出现的比例有多大?F2代中能稳定遗传的红色正常果形植株出现的比例有多大?

试题详情

(四)基因自由组合定律的实质

      位于    染色体上的    基因的分离或组合是互不干扰的。在进行

         形成配子的过程中,       上的等位基因彼此分离,同时

    染色体上的基因自由组合。

试题详情

(三)对自由组合现象解释的验证-测交

1.若解释正确,则F1应产生                  四种配子,比例为      ;隐性纯合子产生一种配子        。由此推出测交后代有    种基因型,有        种表现型,表现型比例为          

2.实验结果符合预期结果,则解释是          的。

试题详情

(二)对自由组合现象的解释

1.黄色、绿色和圆粒、皱粒这两对相对性状分别由两对          上的两对等位基因控制。

2.亲本黄圆豌豆产生     配子,绿皱豌豆产生      配子。

3.F1的基因型为         ,表现型为          ,产生配子时,等位基因(Y与y,R与r)随           分开而分离,非等位基因之间可以              ,产生

                                四种配子,比例接近于      

4.F2     种基因型,      种表现型。

试题详情

(一)两对相对性状的遗传试验

   P:纯种                  杂交。

   F1表现型为         。让F1     

   F2表现型为                                   ,比例为       

试题详情

5.孟德尔获得成功的原因。列举孟德尔成功的原因。

知识整理

试题详情


同步练习册答案