75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

　CP: Central PointP: PointSp: Sub-point(次要点)C： Conclusion

　 解析： 答案为B。文章主要论述了我们在营养品认识方面所存在的误区以及错误认识给我们带来的危害。作者在第一段提出了营养品正影响着我们的生活，而我们却不知道它潜在的危害。在接下来的两段中，文章从两个方面论述了营养品在精神层面上弱化了我们：一、我们毫不犹豫地相信营养品的作用进而选择它；二、营养品本身给我们带来的危害更大，它让我们相信营养吸收可以变得很简单、直接，进而产生一种可以不劳而获的观念，以为生活是不需要奋斗的。第四段中，作者提出了营养品在物质方面对我们的危害，也就是对身体造成的不良影响。最后，作者通过论述营养品在各个方面给我们所带来的危害后提出了自己的观点。由此分析，我们可以知道作者采用了“总-分-总”的论述方法，而第一个论点由两个小的分论点支撑。

归纳题

对于归纳题，很多考生总觉得有“花非花，雾非雾”的朦胧迷乱感。其实，只要盯住一篇文章的四个角落：首段首句，首段尾句，尾端首句，尾段尾句，就基本上不会出现方向上的偏离。这里的“句”，即可以是一个完整的句子，也可以是复杂句中的主句。比如，2008年全国二卷的第四篇文章，这四个角落的句子分别为：

Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers. …

The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity(神经活动) …theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.

首段只有一个句子，提出句中的核心名词chocolate，coughs，medicines。段末的两句话，都有一个词theobromine，虽然不确定这是什么，但可以保证一定和段首的chocolate，coughs，medicines所形成的逻辑链条有关。所以，综合这些信息，大概可以推断文章主要分析chocolate能够治疗coughs，当成medicines，因为里面有theobromine，而且没有什么side effects。

因此56. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? B便成了自然之选。

A. Codeine: A New Medicine　　　 B. Chocolate May Cure Coughs

C. Cough Treatment: A Hard Case　 D. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs

42. The third paragraph is developed________.

　 A. by space B. by examples

　 C. by time D. by comparison

　 解析：题目对节选段落所描述事件的说明方法进行设题。此题需要从文章的细节理解着手。节选段落描写了Armstrong的学艺历程。从“at a boy’s home”和“In his late teens”，我们可以得知节选部分的情节发展方式是按照时间顺序进行的，因此答案为C。　

　 例2： The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place

　 Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet ... We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically (身体上).

　 Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤) instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.

　 On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.

　The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.

　 Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.(2008年北京卷E篇)

3. B。由题干可知本题属于细节理解题中的细节判断题。下面我们利用“跳读查找法”，按照选项的顺序，抓住选项中的关键词，在原文中快速查找相关信息，会很快锁定答案。A项中的关键词是“Dogsledding”，原文中只有一处相关信息，即第二段“Popular choices include a Banff Gondola ride up Sulphur Mountain, bathe in the natural mineral waters at the Upper Hot Spring, horse-drawn sleigh ride, drive-your-own-team dog sled excursion, and snowmobile tour to the highland(but not in the national park)”，其中文章中的“Popular”和选项中的“the most popular”说法太绝对，没有事实根据，可排除。用同样的方法依次检查其他选项。第六段“Wildlife watching also creates satisfying memories.”中的“memories”和选项B中的“memorable”构成意义转换，可确定B项说法正确。由第四段“You can rent skates in Banff or at the sport shop in the Fairmont Chateau Lake Louise hotel.”和第五段“Banff sport shops rent equipment and clothes, or join an organized tour.”可知游客不必自带运动器具，故C项说法不对。D项明显不是文中信息，与文章信息不符，无从考证。

文章结构类题目解题指导

根据考纲和最近几次模拟考，可以预测此类题型极有可能出现在今年的试题中

　 文章结构题的考查对象无非是整个篇章或其中的某个段落，在解答此类题目之前，有必要对全篇或被考查的段落进行通读以了解其大意。由于题目提问方式较为单一，无非是文章--段落的发展方法，因此解题的关键在于找出篇章或段落中表示层次发展的关键词，如表示时间、方位、因果关系或对比的关联词等等。另外，此类题型最常见的考法就是根据整篇文章的叙述发展或论证的步骤、过程推测出作者接下来要叙述的事件或将要发表的观点。此时，同学们要在正确理解篇章内容的基础上对文章的发展作出合理的推断。这些推断往往不是凭空臆断，而会在上文中给出一定的提示，或是所说明两个事物或人的其余一个，或是两种截然不同的观点的另一方面，总之，作者总会给读者最充分的证据以使读者能对文章的结构作出合理的推断。下面我们以近两年的高考题为例看看文章结构题的解答技巧。

　 例1： Armstrong showed a great talent(天赋) for music when he was taught to play the cornet(短号) at a boy’s home. In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician. He played in parades, clubs, and on the steamboats that traveled on the Mississippi River. At that time, New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians. Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal. (2007年陕西卷A篇)

2. C。本文第一段的activities就提供了答案。

1. A。注意关键词Banff’s backcountry，第四段的rovide means提供了答案。

3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Dogsledding is the most popular sport among local people.

B. Watching wildlife is a memorable experience.

C. Travelers should bring their own sports equipment.

D. Shopping is too simple a pleasure to enjoy.

2. The purpose of the writing is to ______.

A. promote scenic spots in Canada　　　 B. advertise for the sports in Banff

C. introduce tourist activities in Banff　　 D. describe breathtaking views in Banff

1. According to the passage, Banff’s backcountry is accessible by _____.

A. cross country skiing　 B. horse-drawn sleigh riding

C. snowmobiling　　　 D. dogsledding

59. Where can visitors have lunch? 08年江苏卷