6.逻辑推理法

有时考生需要将选项放入句中看前后的意思是否通顺，是否符合上下文逻辑，通过逻辑来选出正确答案。

(1) -Hi, Mark. How was the musical evening?

　 -Excellent! Ales and Andy performed _______ and they won the first prize.(2008安徽卷)

　 A. skillfully　　　　　 B. commonly　　　 C. willingly　　　　　 D. nervously

分析：A。由excellent以及后半句的won the first prize推知空白处的词应该是赞扬Ales 和Andy的表现，具有迷惑性的C项表示“自愿地”，不符合题意。A项skillfully意为“技术高超地”，符合题意。

(2) In some places women are expected to earn money ____ men work at home and raise their children. (2008四川卷)

　 A. but　　　　　 B. while　　　　 C. because　　　 D. though

分析：B。本句前半句意思是“某些地方女人被期待去挣钱”，后半句意为“男人在家工作并抚养孩子”，可见两部分意思形成对比，此处while相当于and at the same time。

5.固定搭配法

固定搭配法就是根据词与词的搭配关系来找某问题答案的方法。常见的是一些特定的句型、句式和某些固定的短语搭配等。

(1) It is often said that the joy of traveling is ____ in arriving at your destination ____ in the journey itself. (2008江苏卷)　 A. / … but　 B. / … or　　　 C. not … or　　 D. not … but

分析：D。本题考查的是固定搭配。not … but …是固定词组，意为“不是……而是……”。

(2) You have no idea how she finished the relay race ____ her foot wounded so much.(2008福建)

　 A. for　　　　 B. when　　　　 C. with　　　　 　D. while

分析：C。本题考查with的复合结构用法。with+名词+形容词，with的复合结构在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其它三项均为连词，应接句子。

(3) I _____ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products. (2008江西卷) A. make　　　　 B. look　　　 C. take　　　　 D. think

分析：C。本题考查固定短语的用法。take …as “把…当作…”，题中it 做形式宾语。

(4) I wonder _______got him the job, his fluency in English or his good looks .

A. which was it that　 B. what this was that　 C. which it was that　 D. how it was

(5)Mr .Wang made up his mind to devote all he could________his oral English before going abroad。A.improve　 B。to　 improve　 C.improving　　 D.to improving

(6)Before he went abroad , he spent as much time as he________English.

A.could learning　 B.learned　　 C.to learn　　 D.could learn

(7)You can imagine what great difficulty I have ________your house.

A.found　　 B.finding　 C.to find　　 D.for finding

(8)Who is it up______decide whether to go or not.

A.to to　 B.for for　 C.to for　 D.for to

(9).Time should be made good use of_________our lessons well.

A.learning　 B.learned　 C.to learn　 D.having learned

(10)It was ________the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home

A.repair　 B.repairing　 C.to repair　 D.in repair

(11)_________occurred to me that the murder happened_____a rainy day.

A. What; in　 B. What ; on　 C. It; in　 D. It; on

(12)It’s high time that we _______our work and ______supper now.

A. stop; have　 B. stopped; had　 C. stop; should have　 D. stopped; have

4.突破思维定式法(防止有陷阱就往里跳)

思维定式即以习惯的方式解决问题的思路。命题者常利用考生熟悉的句型结构、固定搭配或母语等巧设陷阱，给考生造成假象。解题中，注意正确理解句意，克服思维定势才是解题的关键。

(1) _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.(2008湖南卷)

　 A. Completing 　B. Complete 　C. Completed 　D. To complete

分析：D。此题考生易选A。究其原因，他们认为complete和we形成主动关系，故而用现在分词结构，却不知此处是表示目的。

(2) _____ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.(2008福建卷)

　 A. It　　　　　 B. What　　　　　 C. As　　　　 D. Which

分析：B。该题考察名词性从句。考生易选A或C，误把it当初形式主语，或将题目看成常见的as is known to …引导的非限制性定语从句，而没有看清前面是个主语从句且主语从句中又少主语，这里只有what有这个功能。

(3) The home improvements have taken what little there is_______ my spare time. (NMET 2001)　A. from　 　B. in 　　C. of 　　D. at 分析：C。很多考生误选了B项｡考生是受了in one’s spare time这个习惯搭配的干扰而不知道此处的what little与my spare time构成的是所有关系,即部分与整体的关系｡

(4)We should stop pollution_________ longer.

A.from living　　 B.to live　　 C.living　　　 D will live

(5)Peter was so excited ________he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing

A．where　 B.that　 C.why　　 D.when

(6)We should do more such exercises in the future , I think, ______those we did yesterday.

A.as　 B.like　 C.about　 D.than

(9)-Where did you get the information of the course?

-It was on the Internet_____different types of courses are advertised.

A. that　　 B. where　　 C. whose　　 D. which

(10)Mr. King, ________car the little boy goes to kindergarten every day is his fellow friend’s father.

A. whose　　 B. in whose　　 C. which　 D. in which

(11)We could not afford to buy the books because ______of us had _____money on us.

A. all ; no　 B. none ; any　　 C. any; no　　 D. no one; any

(12) Everyone here will thank the firefighter for the things they have done to prevent fires______the environment safer.

A. make　　 B. to making　　 C, to make　　 D. from making

2.语境分析法

语境即一定的语言环境。近年的高考题往往自然、巧妙地设置一定的语言情景或故意隐蔽某些有效的信息。考生仅凭语法和词汇知识来判断某些单项填空题往往很难做出正确选择，只有分析具体的语言情境，同时要注意中西文化的差异，才能找出答案。

(1) -Could I ask you a rather personal question?

-Sure, ____. (2008全国卷II)

A. pardon me　 B. go ahead　 C. good idea　　 D. forget it

分析：B。由答语sure推知回答者答应对方的请求，go ahead这里意为“问吧”。

(2) -Good evening. Huangshan Hotel.

　 -Good evening. ______________? (2008安徽卷)

　 A. Do you still have a room for tonight　　　　　 B. What would you like, please

　 C. Is there anything I can do for you　　　　　　 D. Who is that speaking, please

分析：该题考查情境交际。由语境知，这是一电话对话。Huangshan Hotel.是旅馆前台人员的回答，故应排除B、C两项。由第一句可知，后者应试电话者，故只能是咨询“是否有房间？”因而A项符合语境。D项与宾馆无关。

(3) A cook will be immediately fined if he is found ______ in the kitchen.

A. smoke　　 B. smoking　 C. to smoke　　 D. smoked

分析：B。动词不定式表示将要发生的动作,过去分词表示完成､被动的动作,现在分词表示正在进行的动作｡从语境“倘若厨师被发现在厨房里抽烟,他将马上被开除”可知,选项B为正确答案｡

(4)-----You were out when I dropped in on you this morning.

------I _________for the airport to see a friend off.

A. have left　 B. left　 C. had left　 D. was leaving

(5)I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with_______.

A. everything　　 B. anything　　 C. something　　 D. nothing 3. 标点暗示法

标点符号在高考试题中占有一席之地。它在单选题干中看似微不足道，但其作用不可忽视，特别是在定语从句或分词作状语等的结构时。其中分号有并列连词的功能。高中阶段的并列连词有and, but ,so for ,or .看到并列连词说明两个句子是并列的，如果没有并列连词，就要考虑用从句，非谓语动词，独立主格结构等。破折号表示解释说明。

(1) ________ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. (2008重庆卷)

A. Fail　　　　 B. Failed　　　　 C. To fail　　　 D. Having failed

分析：D该题考查非谓语动词。由题中的逗号可知，前面应是一个非谓语动词结构而非句子，we与fail形成主动关系，且“失败”发生在“发email”之前，故用现在分词的完成时作状语。

(2) The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control.(2008湖南卷)

A. most of them 　B. most of which 　C. most of what 　D. most of that

分析：B。该题考查非限制性定语从句。因为题干中逗号没有连词，所以不可能是个并列句，由此排除A项；又因为what, that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故选B。

(3)Please do me a favour-------________my roommate David that I am leaving for Shanghai and stay there for two days.

A. to inform　 B. informing　 C. inform　　 D. informed

(4)①Not far from the club there was a garden, ________owner seated in it playing games with his childen every afternoon.

②Not far from the club there was a garden, ________owner is seated in it playing games with his childen every afternoon.

③Not far from the club there was a garden, and________owner is seated in it playing games with his childen every afternoon.

A.whose　 B.its　 C.which　 D.that

(5) He wrote five novels, two of _______translated into English.

He wrote five novels, two of _______ were　 translated into English.

He wrote five novels, and two of _______ were　 translated into English.

A. it　　 B. them　　 C. which　　 D. that

1.句子结构还原法

英语中的许多句子会以各种结构出现，如倒装句，强调句等。试题还常以变化句型的方式来增加语境和句子结构的复杂性。因此考生平时就留意它们的特征，透过复杂的语言环境，结合语法分析看透题目的意图。正确的方法有：

1)将疑问句、感叹句还原为陈述句

(1) What great difficulty we had_____ her! 　A. persuade 　　B. to persuade 　C. persuading 　D. persuaded

分析：C。易选D。此句考查感叹句式。可先将此句还原为陈述句式：We had great difficulty______ her.由have difficulty(in) doing sth.知C项符合条件。

(2) Is this the reason _______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(2002上海春招)

　 A. he explained　　 B. what he explained　　 C. how he explained　 D. why he explained

分析：A。易选D，考生依据常见搭配the reason why；处理此题首先应该将句子还原为正常语序，即：this is the reason_____ at the meeting ...。he explained前省略了一个that，that引导的是一个定语从句。

(3) Who would you rather have________the report instead of you?

A. to write　 B. write　 C. writing　 D. written

2)将倒装句、强调句还原为正常语序

(3) Mary thought that it was______ that Jane did her to lend her the beautiful car. 　A. possible 　　B. kind 　　C. necessary　 　D. a favor 分析：D。句中的宾语从句是一个强调句式。将其转换为非强调句式: Mary thought that Jane did her______ to lend her the beautiful car. do sb a favor是习惯搭配,意为“帮某人一个忙”,由此可以确定D为正确答案｡

(4)______ you eat the correct foods ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. (2008江苏卷)

A. only if; will you　 　　　 B. Only if; you will　 C. Unless; will you　 D. Unless; you will

分析：A。本题考查倒装句式。先将其转换为正常语序：You will be able to keep fit and stay healthy only if you eat the correct foods.由于是对主句进行倒装，所以选A。

3)将省略句还原为完整句

省略句可用于简单句及复合句，它的使用虽然能使句子更加简洁，但有时使人理解困难。在近年来的高考题中已多次出现省略句的考点。条件状语从句、时间状语从句等常用省略形式。解题时应根据语境逻辑需要将被省略的内容补齐，从而达到正确理解的目的。

(1)-Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?

-Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society. (全国I卷)

A. has joined　　　　 B. joins　　　　　 C. had joined　　　　 D. joined

分析：D。该题考查since时间状语从句中的动词时态。将第二句补充完整为：Yes, I have known since she _____ the Chinese Society.主句为现在完成时，since的从句常用一般过去时。

(2) One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and __________.(2000春季招生)

　 A. the other is white　　 B. another white　　 C. the other white　　 D. another is white

分析：C。易选A或D两项。C项补充完整应是the other should be painted white。A项中少了painted，B及D项中不能用another，因为木板只有两面，两面中的另一面只能用the other。

(3) When first _______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (2004全国Ⅱ卷)

A. introducing　 B. introduced　 C. introduce　 D. being introduced

分析：B。将从句补充完整应为：When they were first introduced to the market。D项为进行时的被动语态，表示正在进行，与题意不符。

(4)---What should I do with this passage?

----_________the main idea of each paragraph.

A. Find out　　 B. Finding out　　 C. To find out　　 D. Having find out

(5)-----What made her so sad?

-----_____________.

A. She lost her money　　 B. Losing her money　　 C. She had lost her money　 D. Because she lost her money

(6)Many volunteers are taking part in the construction of the library, which, when _________,will open to the public.

A. to be finished　 B. finished　 C. finishing　　 D. having been finished

4)将冗长题干还原为简单题干

命题者往往有意设置一些无效附加信息，使题干复杂化。在解决这类题时，不妨将这些无效附加信息大胆合理地舍去，这样有利于抓住试题主干，为准确求解扫除障碍。

(1)The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ______ I thought was a dangerous speed. (2004上海春招)

A. as　　 B. which　　 C. what　　 D. that

分析：C。该题考查名词性从句连接词的选用。插入语I thought可以舍去不看，at后面的宾语从句中缺少主语，因而填what。What在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语；D项that在名词性从句总补充当任何成分。

(2)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year. (2000全国卷)

A. carry out　　　 B. carrying out 　C. to carry out　 　D. carried out

分析：D。先将此句改变为两个简单句: The managers discussed the plan. 和They would like to see the plan_______ the next year. 这样我们就发现空白处应该用过去分词作宾语补足语,表示被动意义,从而可以判断出C项为正确答案｡

(3) The farm as well as its neighbouring hills we once spent so much time _______on a new look as rencently as last year.

A. on has taken　 B. has taken　　 C. on having taken　 D. having taken

(4)It’s dangerous to let children who are ________go swimming in the river.

A. too young to　 B. so young　 C. not old enough to　 D. so old

(5)The old man insisted that the book Mr. Thompson talked about_______.

A. was worth reading　 B. was worth to be read C. being worth reading D. be worth reading

(6)Is _____48 hours _____that man-made satellite_______is made in our country to orbit the planet around?

A. it; that; where　 B. it; when ; that　 C. it for; that it takes; that　 D. it ; that it takes; which

5) 将被动式题干还原为主动式题干

The teacher said time should be made good use of _______ our lessons well.

A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. being learned

分析：C。考生易选A，受介词后接动名词短语形式影响。题干可以还原为：The teacher said we should make good use of time _______ our lessons well.很明显空白处所填应表示目的。

总之，要过字形关，没有捷径可走。必须认真识记。

本资料来源于《七彩教育网》

例如：“化妆”意为用脂粉等使容貌美丽；“化装”①假扮；②演员为了适合所扮演的角色的形象而修饰容貌。“他俩为了迷惑敌人，化装成夫妻”一句，就不能用“化妆”，因为在这个语境中，“化装”有“假扮”的意思。

[例7](2008年山东卷)

2、下列词语中没有错别字的一组是(　　 ) 　 A.驰骋　 原生态　 疾风劲草　 吉人自有天象 　 B.诀别　 声讯台　 震耳欲聋　 真金不怕火炼

C．问侯　 顶梁柱　 目不暇接　 明人不说暗话

D．受理　 高架桥　 粗制烂造　 在其位谋其政 　[解析]A.“吉人自有天相”意思是说幸运的人常常有上天帮助，“相”，扶持，帮助。B.“问候”中的“候”是指其后，天气冷暖，问这些表示对人的关心，不是问官位。D.“粗制滥造”是指写文章或做东西马虎草率，只求数量，不顾质量。“滥”过多，不加节制，不是胡乱的制造。

[答案]B

[例8](2004年春季高考卷)

下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一组是(　　 )

A．题词　 题纲　 题写　 文不对题

B．连续　 连载　 连手　 藕断丝连

C．挤兑　 兑奖　 汇兑　 兑换现金

D．决断　 决胜　 决计　 决无此意

[解析]本题主要测试同音同形多义字。A项的“题纲”应为“提纲”；B项的“连手”应为“联手”；D项的“决无此意”应为“绝无此意”。

[答案]C

字形总结

字形识记要做好“三个集合、一个确认”，即：

(二)、了解汉字的结构特点，熟记形近字。有些形近字是声旁相同，形旁不同，要辨析不同形旁的意义。例如：“狐、孤、弧”这几个字的声旁相同。但“狐”的形旁是“犬”，用“犬”作声旁的字，原义多与兽类有联系。“孤”的形旁是“子”，用“子”作形旁的字，原义多与小孩有联系，“孤”古代指死去父亲的孩子。“弧”的形旁是“弓”，用“弓”作形旁的字，原义一般与弓箭有联系；“弧”的原义是木弓，引申作圆周的一段讲。

[例4](2008年江西卷)

2.下列词语中，没有错别字的一组是(　　 ) 　 A.诀巧　 磨砺　 赝品　 浅尝辄止　

B.赦免　 落寞　 蓬蒿　 好高骛远 　 C.哂笑　 自诩　 告馨　 倍道兼程　

D.辍学　 倩影　 消弭　 功亏一匮 　[解析]A“诀巧”应为“诀窍”B“好高鹜远”应为“好高骛远”D“功亏一匮”应为“功亏一篑”

[答案]C

[例5](2004年高考全国卷Ⅱ)

下列词语中没有错别字的一组(　　 )

A．班配　 藏污纳垢　 草菅人命　 看菜吃饭，量体裁衣

B．凌厉　 怙恶不悛　 不落巢臼　 己所不欲，勿施于人

C．懵懂　 挺而走险　 流言蜚语　 如临深渊，如履薄冰

D．怄气　 徒有虚名　 鬼斧神工　 失之毫厘，谬以千里

[解析]本题共考了三个错别字。A里的“班”应为“般”；B里的“巢”应为“窠”；C里的“挺”应为“铤”。

[答案]D

[例6](2003年京皖春季卷)

下列句子中，没有错别字的一句是(　　 )

A．在中国现代文学史上，巴金作为民族良心和品质的旗帜而受到人们的祟敬。

B．浓郁的情韵和深刻的哲理水乳交溶，增强了文章的艺术魅力，强烈地感染着读者。

C．厦门因承诺将跨国零售集团采购会办成一次非羸利的会议而获得了最多的选票。

D．这部传记，以独特的笔触、朴实醇厚的语言为世人展示了将军们鲜为人知的人生境遇。

[解析]本题共考三个错别字。A项中“祟敬”应为“崇敬”，是；B项中“水乳交溶”应为“水乳交融”，是；C项中“羸利”应为“赢利”。

[答案]D

(一)、以音辨形。例如：翔(xiáng，盘旋地飞)实，自诩(xǔ，夸耀)。这样熟记字音，辨别字形，就不会写错、用错。

(二)、因偏旁相似而造成误写。例如：“扛”与“杠”、“析”与“折”、“阻”与“狙”、“滔”与“谄”。

要掌握形近字，必须做到以下几点：