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3.______ along with host families, I believe, language travel students are likely to get enough

language practice. (2010南通二模)

   A. Stay        B. Having stayed    C. Staying            D. To stay

注意分清谓语与非谓语,比如:

She went to the market, bought some bananas and visited her cousin.

She said, and turning away from him, walked rapidly away.

Go straight ahead, and you will see a hotel in front of you.

状语从句的一些引导词需要着重注意

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1. -She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam.

 -I guess so. It's not difficult after all. (2007 江苏卷)

 A. should B. could C. must D. might

 解析:第一步,因为情态动词后有have,所以是对过去的推测。第二步,句尾是句号,且句中无表示否定的词,所以判定句子是肯定句。第三步,从“She looks very happy”和“It's not difficult after all”这两句中均可以判断出推测语气比较强烈。对照表格,很快就可以定位到must上。所以,本题选C。

请别忽视某些情态动词的特殊含义

shall的用法: No student shall go out of school without the teacher’s permission.

Tell him that he shall have the wonderful book tomorrow afternoon.

It is the rule that every driver shall obey in this city.

Shall I/he book a table?

must : If you must know her name, her name is Mabel.

would: When I was young, I would sit under the old tree listening to grandpa tell me stories.

should: It’s strange that Tom, the most excellent student in our grade should fail in the exam.

may: May you succeed!/May you be happy!

非谓语动词题

 1) ______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. (2005上海卷)

 A. Put   B. Putting  C. Having put D. Being put

 解析:首先,判断这道题应填入非谓语动词。其次,判断这个非谓语动词不是作主干成分的,而是在句中起修饰作用。接下来,判断put和hotline之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,非谓语动词要表被动,所以选A。

 2) _________ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. (2005浙江卷)

 A. To find out B. Finding out  C. Find out D. Having found out

 解析:逗号前后没有连词,且逗号后是一个祈使句,所以空格处应填入非谓语动词短语,且其在句中应起修饰作用。接下来,判断 “了解更多大学课程”是“打电话”的目的所在,所以应填入不定式表目的,选A。

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3.查看主宾表定-------缺啥补啥句健全

当考察名词性从句或定语从句时,依次优先观察从句中是否缺主语,宾语,若缺某一成分,就得选择能够充当该成分的选项。若主语、宾语、表语或定语都不缺,就再观察句子是否缺哪类状语,选择能够充当该状语的选项,以补全句子结构。

Choosing the right dictionary depends on     you want to use it for.

A. what     B. why     C how    D whether

解析: what 引导的名词性从句作介词on的宾语,what在从句中又充当介词for的宾语.

We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of    are healthy.

A that        B which      C what      D whom

解析: 本题考察非限制性定性定语从句,介词of后面缺宾语,能够作宾语且能够引导定语从句的关系代词which 和whom, 由于非限制性定性定语从句用来说明前面指人的名词people, 故用whom充当介词of的宾语。

热门知识点:

时态语态

要做好动词时态语态题,除了必须掌握各种时态的结构、含义和用法外,还要注意体会动词在具体的语言环境中的使用。语态通常结合时态一起考查,解题时一定要结合语境,弄清时间先后关系,可根据不同情况采取“找标法(寻找时间标志词)”、“呼应法(主从句时态呼应)”、“搭配法(固定搭配)”、“语境法(事情发生的环境)”等解题技巧。

时态和语态是很重要的考点:
have been painting all day/be always doing/I did lock it/will still be sleeping/will have left The papers are still being corrected/It is being served in the dining room.

 [真题] The moment I got home, I found I _______ my jacket on the playground. (陕西卷)

 A. had left B. left  C. have left D. was leaving

 [解析]A。I found后接宾语从句,结合“呼应法”和“语境法”,由于主句动词使用了一般过去时,且宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作之前,应使用过去完成时。

 [真题]-Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?

 -Yes, I did. You know, my brother _______ in the match. (安徽卷)

 A. is playing B. was playing  C. has played D. had played

 [解析]B。运用“语境法”,结合上下文语境可知,“我”看了昨天的比赛是因为“我弟弟当时正在参加比赛”,指过去正在发生的动作或状态应使用过去进行时。

[模拟题]- Have you seen my email about our TESL project?

- Yes. Luckily, I checked my emails yesterday. Normally, I _____ my email-box for days.(徐州二检)

A. haven’t opened       B. didn’t open        C. hadn’t opened     D. don’t open

[解析]D。normally表明这是一个习惯性的动作,故用一般现在时。

 特殊结构(倒装、省略、强调)

 ● 倒装

 倒装可分为全部倒装和部分倒装。句子是全部倒装还是部分倒装往往取决于位于句首的词语。因此,熟记具有倒装要求的标志词是解题的关键。

 [真题]So much of interest ________ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all. (上海卷)

 A. offers Beijing B. Beijing offers  C. does Beijing offer D. Beijing does offer

[解析]C。“So(Such)...that...”结构中的so或such位于句首时,构成部分倒装句。句中的谓语是offer,时态是一般现在时,因此应添加助动词does,并将其置于主语Beijing之前以构成部分倒装句。

The policeman told me that I had passed the driving test and never in my life _______ so happy and excited.

A. I felt       B. did I feel      C. I had felt        D. had I felt

 ● 强调

 强调结构的基本形式是“It is/was+ 被强调部分 +that/who...”。同时,强调结构还有许多变形形式,需要引起注意。

 * 一般疑问句句型为“Is/Was it +被强调部分+ that/who...?”

 * 特殊疑问句句型为“特殊疑问词+ is/was it that...?”

 *“Not...until...”句式的强调句型为“It is/was not until...that....”

 [真题] It was in New Zealand ________ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. (全国卷II)

 A. that B. how C. which D. when 

 [真题] It was not until midnight ________ they reached the camp site. (重庆卷)

 A. that B. when C. while D. as

情态动词

 第一步:判断是对现在的推测还是对过去的推测。这一步其实很简单,看题干中情态动词后有没有have即可。如有,则为对过去的推测;如无,则为对现在的推测。

 第二步:判断题干是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句。这一步更简单,通过对句尾标点符号的判断以及句中是否含有not很容易就可以判定。

 第三步:根据语境,判断推测语气是否强烈,并对照表格找出相应的情态动词。

 通过以上三步,这一类型的题目就不再是难题了。下面不妨来看两个例题:

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2. 注意分析句子结构,确定选择方向

一个句子所使用的标点符号、有无连词,往往起着决定性的作用;而插入语、省略语等,在一定程度上干扰考生的思维。

[例1]My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _____ to balance it.

       A. having tried    B. trying    C. to try    D. tried      (2008 上海 30)

  分析句子结构,an experienced rider是插入语,同时,主语my sister与try之间为主动关系,首先排除D项;而后考虑sit on the bicycle与try to balance it 同时发生,可知B项为正确答案。

[例2]Who do you think you’d rather _____ the tape recorder?

A. have to repair      B. have fixed      C. get repaired            D. get to repair

在确定答案之前,我们先来看看下面这个句子:

I think I would rather have the man fix the tape recorder.

I think I would rather get the man to fix the tape recorder.

在这两句中,假若对名词the man 提问,便可得出:Who do you think you would rather have repair the tape recorder ? / Who do you think you would rather get to repair the tape recorder ?

[例3]The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ___for the day.

A. finishing   B. finished    C. had finished   D. were finished

解析: 由于中间有逗号, 意味着后面的部分是状语。由于该部分前面没有连词,故不能用谓语形式。 因此要用finished构成独立主格结构。

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1.谨防紧邻信息的误导,避免定势思维。

在学习过程中,老师往往就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复强调,以加深学生的印象,学生因此而可能形成思维的定势。

[例1]My parents have always made me _______ about myself, even when I was twelve.

A. feeling well     B. feeling good     C. feel well  D. feel good   ( 2007 江苏 35 )

由于我们对I am feeling well today. 形成了思维定势,容易错选C. 这里不表示身体好,而是表示自我感觉好。选D.

[例2]--- I can't find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning?

      --- It was in the hotel ______ he stayed.

A. where     B. which         C. the one        D. that

此题最大的干扰项是D,考生很可能把它看作强调结构。但根据句意,它要表达的是“在他呆的宾馆里找到他的”。所以,实际上是在stayed后省略了that I found him,即全句可完整地表达为It was in the hotel where he stayed that I found him。因此,答案为A。

[例3]Though life should be colorful, I prefer devoting all my energies to my studies_______ more professional knowledge.

        A. to get     B. to getting      C. rather than get  D. rather than to get

考生容易错选B。但仔细分析句意,应选A,表示目的。

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29.(15分)二氯化硫()熔点,沸点,密度。遇水易分解。二氯化硫与三氧化硫作用可生成重要化工试剂亚硫酰氯()。以下是由氯气与硫反应(该反应为放热反应)合成二氯化硫的实验装置。

试回答下列问题 :

(1) 装置中发生反应的离子方程式为:                

装置盛放的药品是      中盛放的药品是           

(2) 实验开始前先在中放入一定量的硫粉,加热使硫熔化,然后转动和摇动烧瓶使硫附着在烧瓶内壁形成一薄层表面,这样做的目的是       

(3) 实验时,装置需加热至,最好采用       加热。为了防止中液体挥发,可采取的措施是                 

(4) F装置的作用是:                         

(5) 由作用生成的化学方程式为:           

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28.(15分) A-G及X、Y均是中学化学常见物质,其中B、D、E、F、G在常温下为气体且B为红棕色,X的水溶液通常为蓝色。它们之间有如下转化关系(其中反应③④⑦的产物中的水已略去):

请回答下列问题:

(1) 写出G分子的电子式:         ;E是         (极性或非极性)分子。

(2) 写出反应⑦的离子方程式是:                  

(3) 写出电解X溶液的阳极反应式:                   

(4) 写出反应④的化学方程式并标出电子转移的方向和数目:       

(5) 若使按下列途径完全转化为

则参加反应的与整个过程中消耗的物质的量之比为        

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27.(16分)

(1) 某温度下,纯水中的,此时       ;在此温度下,将pH=4的硫酸溶液与pH=9的氢氧化钠溶液混合,若所得混合溶液的pH=7,则硫酸溶液与氢氧化钠溶液的体积比为      ,此溶液中各种离子浓度由大到小排列的顺序是         

(2) 在20L恒容的密闭容器中,加入3molSO3(g)和lmolO2(g),在一定温度下使其反应,反应至4min时,氧气的浓度为0.08mol/L;当反应到8min时,反应达到平衡,此时c(O2)=c(SO2),c(SO3)= amol/L。

① 0min-4min内生成O2平均速率v(O2) =    

② a =     

③ 从右图坐标系中作出0min之后O2、SO3浓度随时间变化曲线。

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26.(14分) 根据下列框图回答问题(答题时,方程式中的M、E用所对应的元素符号表示):

(1) 写出M溶于稀混合液的离子方程式:          

(2) 检验X中阳离子的方法和现象是                  

(3) 将Y转化为Z需加入稀氨水。配制500ml稀氨水(每升含有39.2g氨)需要取浓氨水(每升含有251.28g氨)     ml,用规格为      ml量筒量取。

(4) 写出Cl2将Z氧化为的化学方程式:            

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13.在甲烧杯中放入盐酸,乙烧杯中放入醋酸,两种溶液的体积和pH都相等,向两烧杯中同时加入质量不等的锌粒,反应结束后得到等量的氢气。下列说法正确的是

A.甲烧杯中放入锌的质量比乙烧杯中放入锌的质量大

B.甲烧杯中的酸过量  

C.乙烧杯中的锌有剩余

D.反应开始后乙烧杯中的C(H+)始终比甲烧杯中的c(H+)小

第II卷(60分)

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