77.　 “The system” in the third paragraph includes the following except _________.

　 　　 A. social customs

　 　　 B. bargaining practices

　 　　 C. politics

　 　　 D. foreign culture

76. Nowadays, flying abroad is ___　 ____.

　 　　 A. limited to rich tourists and wealthy businesspeople

　 　　 B. more convenient but less safe

　 　　 C. common for the average person

　 　　 D. not common for the average person

75.　 In 1773 “New Jonathan’s” Coffee House became _________.

　 　　 A. the place the merchants had their ventures

　 　　 B. an informal stock exchanges

　 　　 C. a formal stock exchanges

　 　　 D. the biggest market in Britain

(D)

Until a relatively short time ago, traveling abroad was limited to rich tourists and wealthy businesspeople. Flying abroad was not common for the average person. In time, however, plane travel became safer, more convenient, and less expensive. As a result, people of different backgrounds now fly to distant places for pleasure and businesspeople fly to one country for a breakfast or lunch conference, and then fly to another country for a dinner meeting.

　　　 With the world becoming smaller, many young adults make the decision to study in foreign universities. It is an exciting, challenging experience to live in a foreign country. Anyone who can study abroad is fortunate; but, of course, it is not easy to change from one culture to another. One faces many difficulties.

　　　 The student who studies in a foreign country leaves behind a familiar, loving, comfortable environment. Back home, he has his family, friends, and acquaintances. He knows the language, politics, money, food, social customs, and so forth. He knows all the unclear aspects of his native culture, such as body language, and bargaining practices, etc. in short, he knows “the system” in his native country. Then one day he leaves all this behind and suddenly finds himself in a place where everyone and everything is strange, perhaps even confusing. All this strangeness is a major surprise to a person’s self-confidence. This sudden change often leads to a reaction called culture shock.

　　　 Foreigners experience different degrees of culture shock. The symptoms range from being ill at ease to being seriously depressed. Feeling homesick, unhappy, and very sensitive are other signs of culture shock. It is easy to understand that the endless frustrations of the early days in a new country would produce dissatisfaction, and perhaps even hostility. People are always at ease in a familiar environment. A mature, realistic person experiences mild, temporary symptoms; the insecure newcomer suffers more seriously from a culture shock.

　　　 During the inevitable period of adjustment, the international student tends to complain about everything in the new environment. In fact, the student is likely to exaggerate the problems. When the student meets another miserable person from the same country, he will pour out his unhappy feelings. Together they can complain in their native language. Although this complaining provides temporary satisfaction, it certainly does not help him adapt to a new society. Being negative will never get rid of the feelings of frustrations. The mature person understands that a positive attitude, determination, and flexibility are important in making the change successful. A sense of humor is a big help.

74.　 The wall _________.

　 　　 A. was used in the war

　 　　 B. was never used in the war

　 　　 C. was destroyed later

　 　　 D. was so weak that the British never tested it

73.　 The British and the Dutch went to war in 1652 because __________.

　 　　 A. they both liked the rich island

　 　　 B. they both wanted to have Wall Street

　 　　 C. they both wanted to control the rich area

　 　　 D. they had questions in some aspects unsolved

72.　 Manhattan was named after _____­­­­_____.

　 　　 A. a Dutch explorer

　 　　 B. a British colonist

　 　　 C. an Indian tribe

　 　　 D. the Dutch governor

71.　 Violations of the honor system do not include __________.

　　 A. cheating

　　 B. failing a course

　　 C. sharing answers

　　 D. handing in homework done by another student

　(C)

　　　 Wall Street is the banking center of New York City. But how did the street get its unusual name? To find out, we must go back to the early years of exploration in North America.

　　　 New York City was first called New Amsterdam by the explorer Henry Hudson. He was working for a Dutch trading company when he entered what is now the lower Hudson River area in the year 1609. There he found an island that was a perfect trading harbor. The Manhattan Indians lived there.

　　　 Dutch traders built a town on the end of Manhattan Island. It became a rich trading center. But the British questioned the right of the Dutch to control the area. The two nations went to war in 1652.

　　　 The governor of New Amsterdam, Peter Stuyvesant, worried that British settlers in New England would attack his town. He ordered that a protective wall be built at the north edge of Manhattan. The wall was more than 2,290 feet long. It extended from the Hudson River to the East River.

　　　 The British never attacked New Amsterdam. So the wall was never tested in war. But the path beside it became known as Wall Street. Later, Wall Street became a street of banks and business.

　　　 Dealing in stocks and shares in the stock markets began in the 17^th Century. An informal market developed around the coffee houses in the City of London gradually. In 1773 “New Jonathan’s” Coffee House became the informal Stock Exchange, and it was formally established till 1802. at that time London was the largest share market, and the growth of the Industrial Revolution helped the establishment of local share markets in other parts of the country --- more than 330 of them when there were most. These markets first began moves towards combination in 1890, when the Council of Associated Stock Exchanges was formed. By 1967 all the “Country” Exchanges had got together themselves into six regional exchanges, and in 1973 all seven exchanges in the British Isles came together to form The Stock Exchanges of Great Britain and Ireland, and its member firms spread from Aberdeen to the Channel Islands and from Lancaster to Limerick.

70.　 If a professor believes in the “honor system,” it implies his _________.

　　 A. suspicion of the students

　　 B. distrust of the students

　　 C. trust in the students

　　 D. pride in the students

69.　 If a student does not agree with the professor in a lecture, the student is encouraged to __________.

　　 A. remain silent

　　 B. challenge the professor

　　 C. leave the class

　　 D. tell the professor immediately that he is wrong

68.　 In many courses, teachers__________.

　　 A. allow the students to participate

　　 B. require the students to participate

　　 C. both A and B

　　 D. neither A nor B