(D)

　 Holiday Inns and McDonald’s, both saw unmatched growth in the 1960s. Their growth opened another direct business operation-franchising(特许经营)

　 These operations have the same general pattern. The franchisor, the parent company, first establishes a successful retail(零售)business. At it expands, it sees a profit potential in offering others the right to open similar business under its name. The parent company’s methods and means of identification with consumers are included in this right. The parent company supplies skill, and may build and rent stores to franchisees. For these advantages the franchisee pays the franchisor a considerable fee. However, some of the advantages and disadvantages are different.

　 By extending a “proven” marketing method, a parent can profit in several ways. First, the franchisee’s purchase price gives the parent an immediate return on the plan. Then the sale of supplies to the franchisee provides a continuing source of profits. As new businesses are added and the company’s reputation spreads, the value of the franchise increases and sales of franchises become easier. The snowballing effect can be dramatic. Such growth, too, brings into play the economies of scale (规模经济). Regional or national advertising that might be financially impossible for a franchisor with 20 franchises could be profitable for one with 40.

　 The parent, then, finds immediate gains from the opportunity to expand markets on the basis of reputation alone, without having to put up capital or take the risk of owning retail stores. Added to this advantage is a less obvious but material one. Skilled, responsible retail managers are rare. People who invest their capital in franchises, through, probably come closer to the ideal than do paid managers. In fact, the franchisee is an independent store operator working for the franchisor, but without an independent’s freedom to drop supplies at will. Of course the factory’s costs of selling supplies are less. But also certainly the franchisee buying goods that have had broad consumer acceptance will not casually change supplies, even when the contract permits. If the hamburger is not what the customer expected, they may not return. Having paid for the goodwill, the franchisee won’t thoughtlessly destroy it.

　 Franchising may give you the idea that as a franchisor, you need only relax in the rocking chair. Franchising, however, has problems to be solved.

86. Franchising refers to a business operation in which a successful parent company___________.

　　 A. sells name-brand goods to a private investor.

　　 B. rents proven ideas and techniques for investment

　　 C. sells the right, the guidance to a business under its name

　　 D. takes no advertising responsibility for individual investors

87. The advantages of franchising to the parent company are all the following EXCEPT________.

　　 A. an immediate investment return

　　 B. the ownership of additional retail stores

　　 C. the profit from the sale of supplies

　　 D. the possibility of profitable advertising

88. The passage mainly tells the reader_________.

　　 A. the advantages and disadvantages of franchising

　　 B. the benefits of franchising to the franchisor

　　 C. the unmatched economic growth in the 1960’s

　　 D. some regional and national business operation

89. What will the author probably discuss after the last paragraph?

　　 A. More advantages of franchising.

　　 B. Risks of investment besides franchising.

　　 C. The standard of consumer acceptance.

　　 D. Negative aspects related to franchising

第Ⅱ卷(共40分)

(C)

　 We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, other, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.

　 Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards may be changed-no examination is perfect-but to have to tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in examinations or in any controls in schools or on teachers. This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency, the values and the purpose of each teacher.

　 Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them-a form of favouritism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an ill-respected school can show certificates to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lack of certificate indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well-respected school. This defence of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school’s reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the favoured school.

　 The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer.

82. The word “favouritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that________.

　　 A. bright children also need certificates go get satisfying jobs.

　　 B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs

　　 C. poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets

　　 D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success

83. What would happen if examinations were taken away according to the author?

　　 A. Schools for bright children would lose their reputation.

　　 B. There would be more opportunities and excellence.

　　 C. Children from poor families would be able to change their schools.

　　 D. Children’s job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation.

84. The opponents of the examination system will agree that _________.

　　 A. jobs should not be assigned by systematic selection

　　 B. computers should be selected to take over many jobs

　　 C. special classed are necessary to keep the school standards

　　 D. schools with academic subjects should be done away with

85. The passage mainly focuses on ___________.

　　 A. schools and certificates　　　　　　 　　　 B. examination and equality

　　 C. opportunity and employment　　　　 　　　 D. standards and reputation

(B)

(You may read the questions first)

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79. In advertisement 2, the Traveler enables us to learn__________.

　　 A. the road conditions from London to Oxford

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80. In advertisement 3, the Quizmaster_________.

　　 A. contains nothing but 5400 questions　　 B. can only answer challenging questions

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81. All these advertisements are aimed at those_________.

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Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that first best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

　 For almost two months Dominic York, a 23-year-old hairdresser, wandered about hospitals all night, wearing a white coat and pretending he was a doctor. Yesterday he proudly claimed in court that despite his complete lack of medical experience or qualifications, he had saved several people’s lives. He had even been allowed to assist a surgeon during an emergency operation on a patient who was about to die on something she had swallowed.

　 “I watched one of those TV dramas about a hospital and suddenly I felt like playing one of the roles myself. So I put on a white jacket and a stethoscope(听诊器)and walked around one of the biggest hospital in London. At first I just watched. Once you learn how doctors talk to patients, nurses and others doctors, it’s easy to take people in,” he said.

　 One of the patients he treated was Laura Kennan. She had been knocked down by a car and fainted. When she came to in hospital, York was standing over her.

　 “He looked very professional. He told me his name was Doctor Simon. Then he gave me some sort of injection,” she said. And then he suddenly cleared off when a nurse asked who he was. She didn’t think there was anything wrong. “I would never have realized he was a fake if a policewoman hadn’t showed me his photograph a week later. When the policewoman told me who he really was, I could hardly believe my cars.”

　 Judge Raymond Adams told York that he was. “ shocked and horrified” that he got away with his deceiving for so long, and then sentenced him to eighteen months in a special prison for criminal with mental disorders.

“I can only hope that this will not lead to further problems. After all, you will have considerable opportunity to study the behaviour of the psychiatrists(精神科医生)who will look after you while you are there. If you try to persuade people that you yourself are a psychiatrist after you are set free, I shall make sure that you are given a much longer sentence.” Judge Adams warned York.

75. York was proud of the fact that ___________.

　　 A. a surgeon let him watch an operation.

　　 B. he could perform some duties of a doctor

　　 C. he had cheated doctors for so long

　　 D. people thought he could become a real doctor

76. York learned how to behave like a doctor by __________.

　　 A. watching other doctors work　　　　　 　 B. talking to doctors and nurses

　　 C. getting some training and experience　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. observing doctors while he was a patient

77. Why was Laura Kennan in hospital?

　　 A. She had swallowed something and almost died.

　　 B. She had to have and emergency operation.

　　 C. She had been injured in a road accident.

　　 D. She had lost consciousness while driving.

78. The judge’s remark implied that York would be more severely punished if he _________.

　　 A. pretended to be a psychiatrist　　　 　　　　 B. tried to get away from prison

　　 C. was proud of what he had done　　 　　　 D. studied the behaviour of the psychiatrist

(B)

　 The birthrate is Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21^st century.

　 Affairs Ministry concluded last year that,　　 65　 　cash encouragement, some women just don’t want to be 　　66　　 　holding the baby. “What we know is that it’s good for the 　　67　　

if men and women share the burden of having children,” says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry.　 68　　 　Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish,　 men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not take even a(n)　　 69　 　day off work.

　 Experts fear that the tendency for women to use most of the parental leave could make employers　　 70　　 　go give young women the　 permanent jobs they need to qualify for paid maternity leave (产假)。In January. Sweden decided to allow new fathers two months’ paid leave, with a warning: use it or　　 71　　 　it.

　 Kindlund admits that men are under 　　72　　 　to stay at work, even though parental pay comes out of the public purse. “It’s not popular among bosses and perhaps with other men in the workplace,” he says. “But it’s good for the father and for the child if they can 　　73　　 　a relationship.”

　 In Norway, a(n)　　 74　　 　policy has worked wonders. 70% of dads in Norway now take parental leave, and the birthrate of 1.85 children per woman is one of the highest in Europe.

65. A. is spite of　　　　　　　 B. at the cost of 　　　 C. in addition to 　　　 D. due to

66. A. sent　　　 　　　 B. left　　 　　　　　　　　 C. caught　　　　 　 D. seen

67. A. birthrate　　　　 　 B. income　　 　　　　 C. health　　　 　　　 D. spirit

68. A. Just as　　　 　　　 B. Only if　　　 　　　 C. Even though　 　　 D. Now that

69. A. one　　　　 　　　　 B. mere　　　 　　　　　 C. only　　　　 　　　 D. single

70. A. willing　　 　　　　　 B. reluctant　　 　　　　 C. likely　　　　 　　　 D. unable

71. A. reserve　　　 　　　 B. misuse　　　 　　　 C. ignore　　　　 　　 D. lose

72. A. discussion　　 　　　 B. attack　 　　　　　　　　 C. control　　　 　　　 D. pressure

73. A. make out　　 　　　 B. add up　　　 　　　 C. build up　　　 　　　 D. set aside

74. A. impersonal　　　 　 B. similar　 　　　　　　 C. severe　　　 　　　　 D. global

Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

(A)

Adults are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practised in the meantime. A man who has not had an opportunity to go swimming for years can 　　55　　 　swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after several decades and still　　 56　　 　away. A mother who has not　　 57　　　 the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “ Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or recite the story of Cinderella or Snow White.

One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: 　　58　 　we have learned something, additional learning increases the 　　59　　 　　of time we will remember it.

In childhood, we usually continue to practise such skills as swimming, bicycle riding long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and　　 60　　 　ourselves of poems such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella or Snow White. We not only learn but　　 61　　 .

The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination,　　 62　　 it may result in a passing grade, is not a 　　　63　　 　way to learn a school course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning;　　 64　　 , is usually a good investment toward the future.

55. A. only　　　　 　　　　 B. hardly　　　 　　　　 C. still　　　　　 　 D. even

56. A. more　　　 　　　　　 B. drive　　　　 　　　 C. travel　　　　 　　 D. ride

57. A. thought about 　　　　 B. cared for　　　 　　 C. showed up　 　　　 D. brought up

58. A. Before　　 　　　　　　 B. Once　　　　 　　 C. Until　　　 　　　　　 D. Unless

59. A. accuracy　　 　　　 B. unit　　　 　　　　　 C. limit　　　　 　　　 D. length

60. A. remind　 　　　　　　　 B. inform　　　 　　　　 C. warm　　　 　　　　 D. recall

61. A. recite　　 　　　　　　　 B. overlearn　 　　　　 C. research　　　 　　 D. improve

62. A. though　　 　　　　　 B. so　　　　　 　　 C. if　　　　　　 　　 D. after

63. A. convenient　 　　　　 B. demanding　　　 　 C. satisfactory　 　　　 D. swift

64. A. at most　　　 　　　 B. by the way　　 　 C. on the other hand　 D. in the end

54. To keep healthy, Professor Johnson________ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.

　　 A. took up　 　　　　　　　 B. caught on　　　　　　　 C. carried out　　 　　 D. made for

53. Chinese arts have won the _________ of a lot of people outside China.

　　 A. enjoyment　　 　　　 B. appreciation　　　　　 C. entertainment 　　　 D. reputation

52. In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _____ in personality.

　　 A. contact　　　　 　　 B. contrast　　　　 　 C. connection 　　　　　 D. conflict

51. Most people on this island　 are recreational fishers, and ________, fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time.

　　 A. accidentally　 　　　　 B. purposefully　　 C. obviously　　　　　　　 D. formally