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22.Mary wrote an article on _____ the team had failed to win the game.

A.why               B. what              C. who              D. that

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21.Follow your doctor’s advice,_____ your cough will get worse.

A.or                B. and               C. then              D. so

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20.This is the small house less than 15 square meters,under _____ roof lives a large family of three generations.

A. which             B. that               C. its                D. whose

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19._____ is reported in the newspaper is that seventeen climbers have been killed in the snowstorm.

A.It                B. As               C.What              D.That

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18.The little girl insisted that what she said ________ true.

A.was             B.is            C.should be      D.were

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17. They can't be working now. It's time they ________ the office.

A.have left            B.would leave    C.could leave     D.left

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第一节 语法和词汇知识(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)

16._____ ,she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.

A.Shy and cautious                     B.Sensitive and thoughtful

C.Honest and confident                  D.Light-hearted and optimistic

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听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。

1.    (6) When will the woman show the man the apartment?

A. Next Thursday.

B. Right now.

C. This afternoon.

2.    (7) What is the apartment like?

A.  It’s lovely and very big.   

B.  It’s a good house with a big kitchen .

C.  It’s a quiet place with a sunny window.

听第7段材料,回答第8至9题。

3.    (8) How many rolls of film did the man develop last year?

A. About 6.

B. About 5.

C. About 3.

4.    (9) What does the man like to take pictures of?

A.  Anything that attracts his attention.         

B.  Anything that shows true feelings.                 

C.  Anything that makes people happy.

听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。

5. (10) What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?

A.  Interviewer and interviewee

B.  Father and daughter.

C.  Friends.

6.(11) What has the woman done recently?

A. Built a new building for her father.      

B. Helped her father design some buildings.

C. Learned some design skills from her father.

7(12) Why does the woman want to work in the man’s company?

A. She wants to be trusted.          

B. She want to design buildings.             

C. She wants to work with her friend.

听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。

8(13) What will the man do for summer break?

A.   Go traveling.

B.   Go back home.                 

C.   Go to visit his friends.

9(14)Where is the woman going for her trip?

A. Her hometown.    B.Mary’s home.          C. Suburban areas.

10.(15) How will the woman travel?

A.By bike.           B. By air.               C. By bus.

11.(16) How long will the speakers’ summer break last?

A. Seven days.

B. A couple of weeks.

C. Two months.

听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。

12.(17) Why wasn’t the speaker afraid of the cries of strange animals?

A. He had never been to the forest before.       

B. He thought they were interesting.        

C. He thought they were natural .

13.(18) What attracted the speaker’s father’s interest most?

A. The strange animals.           

B. The special plants.                

C. The singing birds.

14.(19) What did the tiger intend to do?

A.Drink some water.  B.Struggle with the crocodile.  C.Hunt for food.         

15(20) What filled the speaker and his father with terror?

A. The crocodile’s sudden appearance.

B.The tiger’s falling into the water.

C.The tiger’s howl of pain and anger.

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7.信息传递,如激素与受体的识别,视紫质参与视觉形成过程等。

问题·思路·探究

问题1  蛋白质的基本组成单位--氨基酸的结构有什么特点?为什么细胞中蛋白质的种类如此多样?

思路点拨:每种氨基酸分子至少有一个氨基(-NH2)和一个羧基(-COOH),并且都有一个氨基和一个羧基连接在同一个碳原子上。组成蛋白质分子的氨基酸的种类不同,数目成千上万,排列次序变化多端,多肽链的盘曲、折叠方式及其形成的空间结构千差万别,因此,蛋白质分子的结构是多样的。

问题2  为什么说蛋白质是生命活动的主要承担者?

思路点拨:蛋白质分子结构的多样性决定了蛋白质分子具有多种重要功能:(1)有些蛋白质是构成细胞和生物体结构的重要物质,如人和动物的肌肉主要是蛋白质。(2)有些蛋白质有催化作用,如参与各种生命活动的绝大多数酶。(3)有些蛋白质有运输作用,如红细胞中的血红蛋白是运输氧的蛋白质。(4)有些蛋白质有调节作用,如胰岛素和生长激素,能够调节人体的新陈代谢和生长发育。(5)有些蛋白质有免疫作用,如动物和人体内的抗体能消除外来蛋白质对身体正常生理功能的干扰,起到免疫作用。总之,蛋白质是细胞中重要的有机化合物,一切生命活动都离不开蛋白质。

典题·热题·新题

例1  人体的肌肉主要是由蛋白质构成的,但骨骼肌、心肌、平滑肌的功能各不相同,这是因为( )

A.肌细胞形状不同

B.在人体的分布位置不同

C.支配其运动的神经不同

D.构成肌细胞的蛋白质分子结构不同

思路解析:生物体的结构和功能是相适应的,结构不同可以导致功能不同。骨骼肌、心肌、平滑肌的功能各不相同,原因是构成三种肌肉的蛋白质分子的结构不同所致。

答案:D

方法点拨  学习生物学要建立“结构与功能相适应”“局部与整体相统一”“生物与环境相统一”和“生命与非生命的组成物质具有统一性”等观点。在运用这些观点和方法分析和解决实际问题时,能够看清问题的实质,提高学习能力。学习本节知识,要注意用“结构与功能相适应”的观点来分析蛋白质结构与其功能之间的关系。

例2  已知20种氨基酸的平均相对分子质量为a,现有某蛋白质分子由n条肽链组成,相对分子质量为b,求此蛋白质分子中的肽键数( )

A.(b-18n)/(a-18)

B.(ban)/( a-18)

C.[(b-18n)/ (a-18)]-1

D.(bn)/a

思路解析:本题考查对氨基酸分子脱水缩合知识的理解。解题思路是:设肽键的数目为x,则氨基酸的数目为x+n,缩合时脱去的水分子数为x,可列式:a(x+n)-18x=b,求x。

答案:B

例3  谷胱甘肽(分子式C10H17O6N3S)是存在于动植物和微生物细胞中的重要三肽,它是由谷氨酸(C5H9O4N)、甘氨酸(C2H5O2N)和半胱氨酸缩合而成,则半胱氨酸可能的分子式为( )

A.C3H3NS

B.C3H5ONS

C.C3H7O2NS

D.C3H3O2NS

思路解析:本题考查氨基酸及其相互缩合过程的有关知识。三肽是由三个氨基酸缩合而成,在缩合过程中同时脱去2个水分子,即H原子减少了4个,O原子减少了2个,由此得出三个氨基酸的H、O原子数之和分别为21、8,进而得到半胱氨酸的分子式为C3H7O2NS。

答案:C

误区警示  在分析得出半胱氨酸的分子式时,切忌忽略脱水这一点。

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6.收缩和运动,肌肉中的一些蛋白质,如肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白,构成骨骼肌中的收缩系统,通过它们的相互作用,直接参与肌肉的收缩舒张过程。

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