81.Where do you think the 30 sparrows spent their summer? (No more than 2 words)

70. By saying “just the tip of the iceberg”, Siegel suggests that ______.

　　　 A. half-brain sleep has something to do with icy weather

　　　 B. the mystery of half-brain sleep is close to being solved

　　　 C. most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepers

　　　 D. half-brain sleep may exist among other species

PART FOUR　 WRITING

SECTION A(10%)　 Directions: Read the following passage．Complete the diagram by using the information from the passage．　　　 Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．

Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being, according to research at Carnegie Mellon University.

　 Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently, the two-year study showed. And it wasn’t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.

　 Researchers are puzzled over the results, which were completely contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.

The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized. Faceless, bodiless “virtual” communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallow. Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.

“But it’s important to remember this is not about the technology itself; it’s about how it is used,” says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the study’s sponsors.” It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology.”

　　　　　　　　　　　 Title 71.________________　

SECTION B(10%)

Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Even bird brains can get to know an entire continent ----- but it takes them a year of migration to do so, suggests a Princeton research team.

　 The scientists have shown that migrating adult sparrows can find their way to their winter nesting grounds even after being thrown off course by thousands of miles.

　 The team first brought 30 sparrows to Princeton from northern Washington State, where the birds had been in the process of migrating southward from their summer breeding grounds in Alaska. Half the birds were juveniles(少年) of about three months in age that had never migrated before, while the other half were adults that had made the round trip to their wintering site in the south-western United States at least once.

　 After the birds were released, they attempted to start their migration again but both age group grew disoriented(迷失方向) quickly.

　 “All the birds scattered(分散) at first,” Wikelski said. “It was clear that they were turned around for a couple of days. But while the adults eventually realized they had to head southwest, the younger birds began flying straight southward again as though they were still in Washington.”

　 “The adults,” said team member Richard Holland, “recovered their bearings because they possess something the younger birds do not, which is an internal map.”

　 “These birds need two things to know where they are and migrate effectively: a ‘map’ and a ‘compass’,” said Holland, a postdoctoral research associate in Wikelski’s lab. “What we’ve found is that juveniles use their compass, but the adults also use their map.”

　 Holland said, “The birds do not lose the compass as they age, but somehow develop the map, eventually applying both tools to keep on track during migratory flights. Scientists already have determined that the compass is based on the sun or the magnetic field, but where the map comes from remains a mystery----one that the team will be exploring in the coming years.”

69.　 It can be inferred that ----------------.

A. Birds never sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.

B. Inner ducks depend on single-hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, as often as birds napping at the end of the line do

C. It is not the first time for scientists to research on birds’ half-brain sleep　

D. Birds hardly sleep without a companion

68. While sleeping, some water animals tend to keep half awake in order to ______.

A. alert themselves to the approaching enemy B. emerge from water now and then to breathe

　　　 C. be sensitive to the ever-changing environment

　　　 D. avoid being swept away by rapid currents

67. What is implied about the example of a bird’s sleeping in front of a mirror?

　　　 A. An imagined companion gives the bird a sense of security.

　　　 B. Birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of their security.

　　　 C. The phenomenon of birds napping in pairs is widespread.

D. A single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror.

66. According to the passage, birds often half sleep because ______.

　　　 A. they have to watch out for possible attacks　 B. their brain hemispheres take turns to rest

　　　 C. the two halves of their brain are differently structured

　　　 D. they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions

65. The writer is probably ________ .

A. a cheerful young bachelor　　　　　 B. a keenly observant father

C. an appreciative fond mother　　　　 D. a spoiled naughty kid

C

Birds that are half-asleep-with one brain hemisphere (半球) alert and the other sleeping-control which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks.

　　 Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemisphere’s eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.

　　 Decades of studies of bird groups led researchers to predict extra alertness in the end-of-the-row sleepers which tend to be attacked more easily. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.

　　 Also, birds napping at the end of the line depend on single-hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Turning 16 birds through the positions in a four-duck row, the researchers found that compared with 12 percent for birds in internal spots, outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of napping time.

　　 “We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness at the same time in different regions of the brain,” the researchers say.

　　 　The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing assumption that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. He’s seen it in a pair of birds napping side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.

　　 　Useful as half-sleeping might be, it’s only been found in birds and such water animals as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.

　　 　Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds’ half-brain sleep “is just the tip of the iceberg.” He supposes that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.

64. What does the writer feel about boyhood?

A. Curious.　　　 B. Tiring.　　　　　 C. Delightful.　　　　　 D. Unsafe.

63. According to the writer, boys appreciate everything in the following EXCEPT ___________.

A. ice cream　　　 B. comic books　　 C. Saturday mornings　 D. Sunday schools

62. What does the underlined sentence in Pare 4 probably mean?

A. He has altogether five fingers.　　　 B. He is slow, foolish and clumsy.

C. He becomes clever and smart.　　　 D. He cuts his hand with a knife.