78. 答案： being laid off

解析： 根据第三段 “Sometimes, they might be laid off(下岗) if business for the employers is slow. ” 可判断

77. 答案：many well　 trained workers

解析：根据第二段 “It can offer employers a pool of well-trained workers to draw from. ”可判断

76. 答案a journeyman’s wages

解析：根据第二段“Near the end of the apprenticeship，their wages are usually 90 percent of what a journeyman would receive. ” 可判断作答

75. 答案at the beginning

解析：根据第二段“They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman，and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies. ”可判断。

74. 答案theoretical

解析：根据第一段“The rest of the apprentice?s time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical skills the career requires. ”可判断。

73. 答案the majority

解析：根据第一段“An apprentice spends the majority of the time in a workplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman”可判断。

72. 答案classroom learning[

解析：根据第一段第一句“An apprenticeship is a form of on the job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning. ”可判断。

71. 答案Apprenticeship

解析：全文是围绕“Apprenticeship”而展开描写的，故填Apprenticeship。

79. Results 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 80. another pay increase

77. many well-trained workers. 　　　　　 78. being laid off