4. Don’t put off decisions. When a decision is required, try to make it quickly. Make sure you have all necessary info, know what standard you’re using to make the decision, and then make the decision immediately. Have the information you need ready. If you don’t have information, you can’t make decisions properly. This is often the reason people put off decisions, but they don’t always realize it.

3. Cut out processes. Are there steps and work that people have to do that can be eliminated(剔除) altogether? Keep an eye out for these processes and eliminate when possible. Every time someone is doing something routine, ask whether it’s really necessary.

2. Don’t forget your priorities(重点). Keep in mind the important work your company or organization does. It almost certainly isn’t paperwork or meetings (with a few exceptions, possibly). For many employees, the real work will be something else: writing articles, designing, making calls, etc.

1. Know what you want to get done. Often bureaucracy happens when people focus on processes and forget about what the end result should be. Where are you trying to go? Find the shortest way to get there, rather than making things complex.

6.Article/Psycology/Motivation/60321.html

“I have been impressed with the urgency of doing. Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Being willing is not enough; we must do.” - Leonardo da Vinci

I’ve worked in a few offices where the paperwork, endless meetings, and other bureaucracy (官僚作风)was ridiculous. Here are some ideas to get to the action and cut out the bureaucracy:

5.来源：北京周报(Beijing Review)vol.51. No.52 DEC.18,2008

Day after day you are glued to your computer screen. You cannot get enough of online games, net shopping or cyber surfing. Your social life gets worse, and so does your health. Chances are that you are addicted to the Internet and you need counseling.

On November 8, an Internet Addiction Disorder(IAD)diagnostic manual(诊断手册)was approved by a group of psychologists in China,, the manual for the first time gives a clear time standard for diagnosing IAD, saying that surfing the Internet for more than six hours a day, not for the purpose of studying or working, and having done so for less than three months, might be a symptom of IAD.

Addiction symptoms vary

Besides the long online time, some other symptoms would also help doctors diagnose IAD patients, such as having a strong desire for the Internet and feeling physical discomfort, becoming easily angry, being unable to concentrate on things or finding it difficult to sleep if unable to get online.

Apart from these conditions, other symptoms are also listed in the manual. If a net surfer cannot get out of the virtual world of Web games, which has already affected his/her capability to study or work, or he/she feels little interest in doing anything but jumping online or is afraid to communicate with others, he/she is also considered to be an IAD sufferer.

According to the World Health Organization, mental disease sufferers have two major characteristics: they bring suffering to both themselves and their families, and their abilities to be involved in social activities are affected.

Mental illness stigma(污名)

However, it has resulted in a backlash(反对) from the public, due to the fact that mental disease is a very sensitive term to Chinese.

Many netizens dropped comments expressing their doubts about the manual, saying that they could not accept they might be suffering from mental illness just because they spent too much time on the Internet.

Experts said there is a misunderstanding of the manual. Explaining that IAD sufferers are not “crazy people”, they call on society at large to change their understanding of mental disease. Mental disease covers a wide range of psychological or behavioral problems, such as depression.

(1)　　 health　 (2) Standard　 (3)mental (4)study (5)Various (6)difficult (7)virtual (8)interested (9)sensitive (10)understanding

1. Advice/Tips 2. significance/importance 3. additions 4. tendency 5. suggestions 6. imagination 7. supports 8. selection 9. strengthening 10.　 measure

4.index_advice_to_writers.htm

A man may do quite as great a service to his country by writing a book as by winning a battle.

The best work is done the way ants do things-by tiny, tireless and regular additions.

The great art of telling a story depends just as much upon knowing what not to say, as upon knowing what to say; but the natural tendency of nearly all storytellers is to say more than necessary. Kipling is a great object lesson of the contrary virtue. He never says more than just enough to convey the idea desired never uses more adjectives than he help, and never uses a weak one.

An emotion may be either expressed or suggested. If it is difficult to express, it is at least quite as difficult to suggest; but if you can suggest it, the suggestion is apt to be even more powerful than the expression, because it leaves much more to imagination.

The writing life is lonely. Taking some of that loneliness out of it helps you to hang in there. Create a supportive environment that allows you to give it the kind of time it takes. Book clubs, workshops through bookstores, extended classes, graduate writing programs – they may not teach you to write, but they can support you and give you time.

Every artist should carry out the theory of selection. Remember that the principles of literary composition of the highest class must be exactly the same for Japan of for France or for England or for any other country. These principles are of two kinds, elimination(删减)and addition-in other words, a taking away or getting rid of the unnecessary, and the continual strengthening of the necessary. Besides this, composition means very little indeed.

At last, remember that success is not measured by bestseller lists. Certain types of great books sell very well; other types of great books don’t sell a lot. But they’re both great.

1. troubles　 2. control　 3. problems　 4. environment 5. damage 6. ways/approaches 7. exposed 8. loud　 9. take　 10. participate

3.2008/12/09/health/09brod.html?ref=health

We live in a noisy world. Young and old alike are troubled by sounds over which we may have little or no control: car and house alarms, motorcycles, loudspeakers, even movie previews.

We attend rock concerts, weddings, parties and sports events at which the music is so loud you can hardly hear the person sitting next to you. At home, televisions, stereos and computer games are often turned up so loud that listeners cannot hear a doorbell or a telephone.

As if environmental noise were not enough, now we surround children with noisy toys and personal listening devices that can permanently damage their hearing. A series of studies conducted in 2002 indicated that even moderate(缓和的)background noise can interfere with how they learn language. In fact, children in classrooms on the noisy side of a school had lower reading scores than those whose classes were on the quiet side.

Noise-induced(噪音诱发的) hearing loss can come about in two ways: from a brief exposure to a very loud noise or from consistent exposure to moderate-level noise. Thus, there is much concern about the lasting effects of MP3 players that are turned up loud enough to block out surrounding sound, like street noise. An MP3 player at maximum volume produces about 105 decibels(分贝) - 100 times as severe as 85 decibels, where hearing damage begins.

So, before buying noisemaking toys, parents would do well to listen to how loud they are. If the item comes with a volume control, monitor its use to make sure it is kept near the lowest level. Consider returning gifts that make loud noises, or disable the noise-making function. Children who play computer games and stereo equipment should be warned to keep the volume down. Most iPods have a control that allows parents to set a maximum volume.

Avoid taking children to loud action movies. If you do go and the sound seems deafening, ask the management to turn down the volume or insist on your money back.

The League for the Hard of Hearing urges parents to encourage participation in quiet activities, like reading, doing puzzles, making things with construction toys, playing educational computer games, drawing and painting, and visiting libraries and museums.