6. lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通往

[典例]

1). This misprint led to great confusion. 这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。

2). His actions could lead to him losing his job. 他的行为有可能会导致他丢了工作。

[短语归纳] lead短语：

lead sb. to 把某人带到　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　　　　　　 lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事　

lead sb. in doing sth. 领导/带领某人做某事　 　　　　　　　　　　 lead to sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某事

[练习] 根据句子意思填空或按要求填空。

1). The events ________ ________ the start of the First World War.

2).　 What led him ________ (kill) his wife?

3). He had led everyone ________ (believe) that his family was very wealthy.

4). Our research led us ________ (介词) the conclusion that the present system is unfair.

5). Too much work and too little rest often _______ _______ illness.

6). He will lead the party of scientists ________ (do) the research.

7). Failure often lies in laziness while hard work 　　_　 　________ success.

8). The driver’ s carelessness ________ ________ the serious traffic accident.

Keys: 1). led to　 2). to kill　　 3). to believe　　 4). to　　 5). leads to　　 6). in doing　

7). leads to　 8). led to / resulted in　

5. build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发

[典例]

1). You need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白质以增强体质。

2). He is now trying to build up a fine reputation. 他正在努力逐步赢得好的声誉。

[练习] 翻译填空。

1). Slowly a thick layer of fat ________ ________ (越聚越多) on the pan’ s surface.

2). Exercise will help ________ ________ (增强) the muscles.

3). They have finally ________ ________ (建立) a big company.

Keys: 1). builds up　　 2). build up　　 3). built up　　

4. would rather 宁愿……

[典例]

1). I’ d rather walk than take a bus. 我愿意走路而不愿意坐公共汽车。

2). “Some more wine?” “Thank you, I’ d rather not. I have to drive home.”“再来一点酒好吗?”“不要了，我不能再喝了。 我还得开车回家呢。”

[重点用法]

would rather do A (than do B) = would (prefer to) do A (rather than do B) 宁愿做甲事(而不做乙事)　 　　　　　　　

would rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事

[练习] 用所给词的适当形式填空或翻译。

1). I would rather you ________ (know) now, than afterwards.

2). Rather than ________ (ride) on a crowded bus, I prefer ________ (walk).

3). 她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们。

____________________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1). knew　　 2). ride; to walk　　 3). She’ d rather die than lose the children.

3. be satisfied with = be content with 对……表示满足或满意

[典例]

1). I was not satisfied with the result. 我对那个结果感到不满意。

2). You’ve done well at school. I’m very satisfied with you. 你在学校干得不错，我对你很满意。

[重点用法]

sth. satisfy sb. 某事使某人满意　　　　　　　　 sb. is satisfied sth. 对……表示满足或满意

be satisfied to do 对做……感到满意　　　　 be satisfied that clause 对做……感到满意

a satisfied smile 满意的微笑　　　　　　　　　　　 a satisfied customer 感到满意的顾客

feel a sense of satisfaction感到满足感　　　　　　　 to sb’ s / sth’ s satisfaction 使某人满意的是

far from satisfactory 远远不能令人满足　 it is satisfying (to do sth) 做某事是令人满意的

a satisfactory explanation / performance令人满意的解释/演出

get/obtain/derive satisfaction from one’ s work 从自己的工作中得到满足

[练习] 根据句子意思用satisfy 的适当形式填空。

1). I am not ________ (satisfy) with your work. You must improve it.

2). The result doesn’ t ________ (satisfy) me.

3). What he has done is far from ________ (satisfy).

4). He hung up the phone, ________ (satisfy) with a smile on his face.

5). It can be very ________ (satisfy) to work in the garden.

6). Finance officials expressed ________ (satisfy) with the recovery of the dollar.

Keys: 1). satisfied　　　 2). satisfy　　　 3). satisfactory　　　 4). satisfied　　 5). satisfying　 6). satisfaction

2. rid sb./sth. of... 使某人/某物摆脱……　

[典例]

1). Many people are working hard to rid the world of famine. 很多人在努力使世界不再有饥荒。2). The dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth. 牙科医生把他的坏牙拔掉，使他

免除痛苦。

[重点用法] rid 短语：

be rid of 摆脱　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 get rid of 摆脱；除掉；去掉

rid a house of mice 清除室内老鼠　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 rid oneself of debt 还清债务

[类似用法动词]

inform/ warn/ cure sb. of… 通知/警告/治愈某人……

[练习] 翻译填空。

1). He struggled to _______ _______ _______ (使自己摆脱) his guilt.

2). The proposals are an attempt to _______ _______ _______ (使国家清除) political corruption.

3). He was a boring nuisance! I’ m glad to _______ _______ _______ (摆脱他的纠缠) him.

4). I still can’ t _______ _______ _______ (摆脱) my cold.

5). The sales manager asked his men to _______ _______ _______ (通知) everything concerning the sales in time.

6). The passengers ______ _______ _______ (警告) the danger of unsteady landing.

Keys: 1). rid himself of　 　2). rid the country of　　　　　　 3). be rid of　　　 4). get rid of　　

5). inform him of　　 6). are warned of

1. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 (有时作反语)

[典例]

1). Thanks to your help, much trouble was saved. 多亏你的帮助, 减少了许多麻烦。

2). Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 多亏这个倒霉天气, 比赛取消了。

[重点用法]

thanks to 相当于because of /owing to /due to /thanks to /on account of /as a result of 如：

1). He was injured due to /owing to a car accident.

2). His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.

3). The train arrived late on account of /as a result of a heavy snow.

4). Thanks to him, I’ m getting better and better .

5). It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game .

[练习] 翻译句子。　　　　

1). 多亏了新的政策，我们现在过着幸福的生活。

___________________________________________________________________________　

2). 多亏了他的忠告我才得以成功。(用强调句)

___________________________________________________________________________

3). 由于交通堵塞我迟到了。

___________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1). Thanks to the new policy, we are now having a happy life.　

2). It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.　　　　　　

3). I was late thanks to the traffic jam.　

5. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦　 n. [c,u] 焦点；中心点 　　

[典例]

1). Focus your camera. 把照相机的焦距调准。

2). Her beauty makes her the focus of attention. 她长得漂亮, 很惹人注目。

[重点用法]

focus on集中于　　　　 focus (one’ s attention/mind/efforts) on集中(注意力/心思/精力)于　

[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。

1). The focus of recent research has been _______ (介词) environmental issues.

2). All eyes _______ _______ (集中于) her.

3). They focused their mind on ______ (do) the experiment.

Keys: 1). on 　　　 　2). focussed on　　 3). doing

ent vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n. [c, u] 评论；议论　

[典例]

1). The scandal caused a lot of comment. 这件丑闻遭到很多议论。

2). “Will you resign, Minister?” “No comment!”“部长，你是要辞职吗?”“无可奉告。”

[重点用法]

comment on/about sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论

make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论/不进行评论

[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。

1). Have you any comment(s) _______ (make) on the recent developments?

2). Asked about the date of the election, the Prime Minister _______ _______ (发表意见) no decision had yet been made.

3). She was asked about the pay increase but _______ _______ _______ (不进行评论) on it.

Keys: 1). to make　 2). commented that　　 3). made no comment　

V 重点词组　 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料)

4. reduce vt.&vi. 减少；减缩　 reduction n.缩减，减少，降低　

[典例]

1). He reduced his weight from 98 to 92 kilos/by 6 kilos. 他把体重从98公斤减少到92公斤。

2). The reform has reduced us to servants of the State. 这一改革把我们都降为公务员了。

[重点用法]

reduce sth (from...) to... 把某物从……减少到……　 　　　　　 reduce sth. by... 减少多少

[练习] 根据句子意思填入正确的介词。

1). We must reduce our expenses ______ 300 yuan a month.

2). Their output has been reduced ______ 10 percent.

3). He reduced his weight ______ 6 kilos.

Keys: 1). to 　　　 　2). by　　 3). by

3. regret (regretted) vt. (对……)遗憾；惋惜 n.[c,u] 遗憾；惋惜

[典例]

1). If you go now, you’ ll regret it. 假若你现在就走, 一定得後悔。

2). I regret to say the job has been filled. 十分抱歉, 那个工作已经有人做了。

[重点用法]

regret to say/tell/announce/inform 遗憾地说/告诉/宣布/通知　

regret doing / having done sth. 后悔已做了某事　 　　　regret that 遗憾/后悔…

[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。

1). I now regret _______ (leave) school so young.　　

2). _______ _______ _______ _______(非常抱歉), I am unable to accept your invitation.

3). I regret _______ (inform) you that your contract will not be renewed.

Keys: 1). leaving / having done　　　 2). Much to my regret/To my great regret　 3). to inform

2. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备　 equipment n.[u] 装备；设备

[典例]

1). They equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征治装。

2). A good education should equip you for life. 有良好的教育能受用终生。

[重点用法]

equip sb./sth. with 用……武装某人；用……装备某物

equip sb./sth. for 为……而武装某人；为……而装备某物

a piece of office equipment 一件办公设备

[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。

1). The soldiers were well _______ _______ (装备好了) weapons.

2). We must equip young teachers _______ _______ _______ (对付) difficult children.　

3). This library is equipped _______ (介词) atomic research.

4). Our classroom _______ _______ _______ (装备有) a computer and a tape recorder.

Keys: 1). equipped with　　 2). to deal with　 　3). for　　 4). is equipped with