(三)3分题(共4题)
29.用15N标记含有100个碱基对的DNA分子,其中有胞嘧啶60个,该DNA分子在14N的培养基中连续复制3次。下列有关判断不正确的是
A.含有15N的DNA分子占1/4 B.含有14 N的DNA分子占3/4
C.复制过程中需腺嘌呤脱氧核苷酸280个 D.复制结果共产生8个DNA分子
30.有一瓶混合酵母菌和葡萄糖的培养液,当通入不同浓度的氧气时,其产生的C2H5OH和CO2的量如下表所示。下列叙述错误的是
氧浓度(%) |
a |
b |
c |
d |
产生CO2的量 |
9mol |
12.5mol |
15mol |
30mol |
产生酒精的量 |
9mol |
6.5mol |
6mol |
0mol |
A.氧浓度为b时,经有氧呼吸产生的CO2为6mol
B.a值应当为0
C.氧浓度为c时,有50%的葡萄糖用于酒精发酵
D.d浓度时只进行有氧呼吸
31.下图为人体内体温与水平衡调节的示意图,下列叙述正确的是
①当受到寒冷刺激时,a、b、c、d激素的分泌均会增加
②c、d激素分泌增多,可促进骨骼肌与内脏代谢活动增强,产热量增加
③下丘脑是感觉体温变化的主要中枢,是形成冷觉、热觉的部位
④下丘脑具有渗透压感受器功能,同时能合成、分泌e激素
⑤寒冷刺激使下丘脑分泌促甲状腺激素释放激素,通过促进甲状腺的活动来调节体温
⑥下图所示的神经调节过程中,肾上腺、皮肤均为效应器
A.①②③ B.①②④ C.③④⑤ D.④⑤⑥
32.下图表示三个通过突触连接的神经元。现于箭头P处施加一强刺激,假定经过一定时间T测得图中各点的动作电位,其时间可能值记作Ta、Tb、Tc、Td、Te(对应各点);又测得a、b、c、d、e各点距刺激点神经纤维总长分别为Sa、Sb、Sc、Sd、Se。若兴奋在不同神经元上传导的速率相同,则下列关系式中正确的是
A.(Se- Sd)·(Td - Tc)=(Sd- Sc)·(Te - Td) B.Sc·Tb=Sb·Tc
C.Sb·Td=Sd·Tb D.(Se - Sd)·(Ta - Tb)=(Sa - Sb)·(Te -Td)
第Ⅱ卷(共90分)
(二)2分题(共20题)
9.下列关于细胞的叙述正确的是
① 核孔是细胞核和细胞质之间进行信息交流的通道
② 唾液腺细胞和肝细胞中均不含有控制合成淀粉酶的mRNA
③ 甲状腺细胞能够接受促甲状腺激素的调节与其细胞膜上的糖蛋白有关
④ 抑制细胞膜上载体活性或影响线粒体功能的毒素,都会阻碍根细胞吸收矿质离子
A.①②④ B.①③④ C.①②③ D.②③④
10.以下曲线图显示一片绿叶在正常情况下一天中的气体交换情况,该绿叶的呼吸速率保持不变。请判断在12:00时,该叶片呼吸作用和光合作用分别放出和吸收的二氧化碳量
11.如图为动物的某组织,
其中1一毛细血管壁、
2-红细胞、
3-血浆、
4-细胞内液、
5-组织液,
据图判断下列说法中正确的是
A.过敏反应的抗体主要分布在3中,3和5的成分是有区别的
B.葡萄糖由3经1和5到达4的过程,依靠自由扩散来完成
C.图中二氧化碳浓度最高的部位是5
D.2中的氧气到达4需要至少经过4层膜,2处的氧气浓度高于4处
12.在正常人体内环境稳态的调节中,前者随后者
变化情况中与图中走势不符的是
A、抗利尿激素--饮水量
B、T细胞浓度--HIV浓度
C、促甲状腺激素浓度--甲状腺激素浓度
D、胰岛素浓度--血糖浓度
13.某哺乳动物在20℃的环境中产热速率为Q1,散热速率为Ql';进入0℃环境30 min后的产热速率为Q2,散热速率为Q2′,则
A.Ql=Q1′<Q2=Q2′ B.Ql=Ql'<Q2 ,Q2>Q2'
C.Ql>Ql′,Q2>Q2' D.Q1<Q1′,Q2>Q2'
14.下图表示将盆栽植物水平放置时植物生长状况。对比a、b、c、d四处,生长素浓度及细胞伸长速度正确的一组是
|
生长素浓度较高处 |
细胞伸长较快处 |
||
A |
c |
d |
c |
d |
B |
a |
c |
b |
c |
C |
b |
c |
b |
d |
D |
a |
c |
a |
c |
15.对于下列图解,正确的说法有
①表示DNA复制过程 ②表示DNA转录过程 ③共有5种碱基
④共有8种核苷酸 ⑤共有5种核苷酸 ⑥A均表示同一种核苷酸
⑦共有4个遗传密码 ⑧经过翻译可形成二肽
A.①②③⑦ B.④⑤⑥⑦ C.②③④⑧ D.①③⑤⑧
16.u、p、q、s为某种细菌的4种代谢中间产物,该细菌的几种突变缺陷型菌株在基本培养基上都不能生长。第一种突变缺陷型在加有u,s或q的基本培养基上可以生长,而不能在加p的培养基中生长;第二种突变缺陷型只有在加q的基本培养基上才能生长;而第三种突变缺陷型在加u或q的基本培养基上均可生长。则这些代谢产物的形成顺序为
A.s→p→u→q B.p→q→s→u
C.q→u→s→p D.p→s→u→q
17.北京奥运会男子百米的飞人大战中,牙买加人博尔特在男子100米的决赛中跑出了9秒69的成绩,打破了该项目的世界纪录。请问博尔特在百米冲刺过程中其身体内不可能发生的生理变化是
A.[H]增加 B.贮存的糖元减少 C.乳酸积累 D.胰岛素含量增加
18.低温储存较久的血液,血浆中K+浓度升高,Na+浓度下降,这是因为
A.低温使血细胞死亡
B.低温下血细胞膜上载体活动受抑制
C.低温下血细胞具有保Na+排K+的作用
D.低温下血液代谢活动消耗血浆中Na+,分泌K+
19.下列有关抗体的说法,正确的是
A.抗体既能作用于细胞外的抗原,又能作用于细胞内的抗原
B.抗体的化学本质主要是蛋白质,少部分是RNA
C.人体的抗体主要分布在血清中,在组织液和外分泌液中也有
D.人体内抗体包括白细胞介素、干扰素等,它能与抗原物质发生特异性反应
20.自养型微生物与异养型微生物的培养基的主要差别是
A.碳源 B.氮源 C.无机盐 D.特殊营养物质
21.根据所学微生物知识判断,下列说法中错误的是
A.“人造肉”(细菌菌体)不属于微生物的代谢产物
B.利用酵母菌酿制啤酒,需要先通气后密封
C.用酵母菌发酵制作的馒头比小苏打制作的营养丰富、能量多
D.用禽畜粪便作肥料时,必须先经过发酵除臭,此过程中起除臭作用是硝化细菌
22.有一瓶混有酵母菌的葡萄糖溶液,当通入不同浓度的氧气时,其产生的C2H5OH和CO2的量如下表所示。分析表中数据可得出的结论是
氧浓度(%) |
a |
b |
c |
d |
产生CO2的量 |
9mol |
12.5mol |
15mol |
30mol |
产生酒精的量 |
9mol |
6.5mol |
6mol |
0mol |
A.氧浓度为a时,酵母菌有氧呼吸速率等于无氧呼吸速率
B.氧浓度为b时,相同时间内酵母菌有氧呼吸消耗的葡萄糖比无氧呼吸多
C.氧浓度为c时,有50%的葡萄糖用于酵母菌的酒精发酵
D.氧浓度为d时,酵母菌只进行有氧呼吸不进行无氧呼吸
23.有关平板划线操作正确的是
A.使用已灭菌的接种环、培养皿,操作过程中不再灭菌
B.打开含菌种的试管需要通过火焰灭菌,取出菌种后要马上塞上棉塞
C.将沾有菌种的接种环迅速伸入平板内,划三至五条平行线即可
D、最后将平板倒置,放入恒温箱中培养
24.右图为某患者血液中某种抗体的浓度随时间变化的曲线,下列叙述正确的是
A.记忆细胞增殖并分化为效应B细胞的过程,最可能从第2天开始
B.记忆细胞增殖并分化为效应B细胞的过程,最可能从第18天开始
C.该抗体的合成受遗传物质控制,由A、G、T、U四种碱基参与组成的核苷酸种类有7种
D.效应B细胞都是由B细胞增殖分化的
25.生物学能有今天如此辉煌的成就,离不开众多科学家倾其一生孜孜不倦的研究.下面提及的科学家实验中有精心设置对照实验的是
①达尔文提出了以自然选择学说为中心的生物进化理论
②鲁宾和卡门证明了光合作用释放的氧全部来自水
③赫尔希和蔡斯证明了在噬菌体中DNA是遗传物质,而蛋白质不是遗传物质
④艾弗里证明了促使R型菌转化成S型菌的物质是DNA
⑤沃森和克里克提出DNA分子双螺旋结构模型
A、②③④ B、①②③④ C、②③④⑤ D、①③④
26.下图是一个反射弧的部分结构示意图,甲、乙表示连接在神经纤维上的电流表,在A点给一定的电流刺激,甲、乙电流表的指针发生的变化正确的是
A.甲发生一次偏转,乙不偏转
B.甲、乙都发生两次方向相反的偏转
C.甲不偏转,乙发生两次方向相反的偏转
D.甲发生两次方向相反的偏转,乙发生一次偏转
27.用燕麦幼苗做下图所示的两组实验。甲组:将切下的胚芽鞘尖端③水平放置,分别取两个琼脂块①、②紧贴在③的切面上,数小时后如甲图所示处理。乙组:将附有琼脂块X和Y的胚芽鞘顶端放在旋转器上匀速旋转,数小时后如乙图所示处理。以下说法正确的是
A.甲组实验证明了植物的根具有向地性 B.乙组实验证明了植物的茎具有向光性
C.④向左弯曲生长 D. ⑤向左弯曲生长
28.呼吸商(RQ)=呼吸作用释放的CO2量/吸收的O2量。下图是生物氧化分解葡萄糖过程中呼吸商与氧分压的关系,以下叙述正确的是
A.呼吸商越大,细胞呼吸产生的CO2越多
B.b点有氧呼吸强度大于a点
C.为延长水果的保存时间,最好将氧分压调至c点
D.c点以后细胞呼吸强度不随氧分压变化而变化
(一)1分题(共8题)
1.2009年3月,墨西哥暴发“人感染猪流感”疫情,并迅速在全球范围内蔓延。此次流感为一种新型呼吸道传染病,其病原为新甲型H1N1流感病毒,病毒基因中包含有猪流感、禽流感和人流感三种流感病毒的基因片段。世界卫生组织(WHO)初始将此型流感称为“人感染猪流感”,后将其重新命名为“甲型H1N1流感”。以下关于H1N1病毒叙述正确的是
A.H1N1病毒的遗传物质由5种碱基和8种核苷酸组成
B.H1N1病毒具有细胞结构,内含线粒体
C.H1N1病毒可以独立进行新陈代谢
D.H1N1病毒的衣壳是利用宿主的氨基酸合成的
2.下列属于人体内环境的组成成分是
①血浆、组织液和淋巴 ②血红蛋白、O2和葡萄糖
③葡萄糖、CO2和胰岛素 ④激素、递质小泡和氨基酸
A.①③ B.③④ C.①② D.②④
3.曾经在市场上出售的某些品牌的婴幼儿配方奶粉及液态奶中被检测出三聚氰胺,这是一些不法商贩为了提高奶粉及液态奶中的含氮量而添加的。一般说来,每100克蛋白质平均含氮为16克,这些氮主要存在于蛋白质的
A.-CO-NH- B.游离的氨基 C.游离的羧基 D.R基
4.研究人员分别对光合细菌和蛔虫进行各种分析、观察等实验,获得的结果如表1(表中”表示有,“×”表示无)。你认为该研究人员的实验记录正确的是
A.光合细菌 B.蛔虫 C.都正确 D.都不正确
5.阻断下丘脑与垂体的联系后,受影响最小的内分泌腺是
A.肾上腺 B.甲状腺 C.胰岛 D. 性腺
6.由我国科学家领衔实施的“人类肝蛋白质组计划”,属于生物科学发展的哪个阶段
A.分子生物学阶段 B.描述性生物学阶段
C.实验生物学阶段 D.纳米生物学阶段
7.小王因为意外伤害丧失了视觉,医生检查发现眼的结构完好无损,那么可能损伤的部位是
A.角膜 B.晶状体 C.视网膜 D.视神经或大脑皮层视觉中枢
8.如果把细胞搅碎,细胞将死亡;如果把病毒搅碎,病毒也将失去活性;这说明
A.细胞和病毒失活是因为破坏了它们的化学成分
B.单细胞生物和病毒对环境的适应能力很差
C.细胞和病毒被搅碎后都失活,可见两者的结构特点是一致的
D.细胞和病毒都要有一定的结构基础,才能完成正常的生命活动
55. In this passage the author argues that __________.
A. more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for all high school graduates
B. college education is not enough if one wants to be successful
C. college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious and quick-learning people
D. intelligent people may learn quicker if they don’t go to college
54. According to the passage the problem of college education partly arises from the fact that __________.
A. society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college students
B. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education
C. too many students have to earn their own living
D. college administrators encourage students to drop out
53. The drop-out rate of college students seems to go up because __________.
A. young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at college
B. many young people are required to join the army
C. young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher education
D. young people don’t like the intense competition for admission to graduate school
52. In the 2nd paragraph, “those who don’t fit the pattern” refers to _________.
A. high school graduates who aren’t suitable for college education
B. college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis
C. college students who aren’t any better for their higher education
D. high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college
51. According to the passage, the author believes that _________.
A. people used to question the value of college education
B. people used to have full confidence in higher education
C. all high school graduates went to college
D. very few high school graduates chose to go to college
50. What’s the main idea of the whole passage?
A. The students should be responsible for their behavior.
B. It’s too late for record companies to protect their rights.
C. Record companies have taken action to protect their copyrights by accusing individuals of piracy on file-sharing networks.
D. Some record companies wanted to earn money by accusing people of pirating music.
C
The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go to college, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.
But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis, college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out --- often encouraged by college administrators.
Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves --- they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that’s condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year olds, either.
Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those survey and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn’t make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, and quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy(异端) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good more has to be better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.
49. What can we conclude from paragraph 6?
A. Slump in CD sales is caused by the fact that people can copy songs free of charge on file-sharing networks.
B. Many record-company executives should bear the blame for long slump in CD sales.
C. People have no desire to buy any CD.
D. Nowadays CDs are not as popular as before.
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