5. mix vt.&vi. 混合;调配 mixture n.[u,c] 混合(物);混合状态
[典例]
1). The chemist mixed (up) some medicine for me. 药剂师给我配了些药。
2). Oil and water don’ t mix. 油和水不能混合。
3). Oil won’ t mix with water. 油不能和水混合。
[词语归纳] mix的短语:
mix A and/with B 把甲与乙拌和起来 mix sth. up 把某物拌和;混淆某物
mix sth. in/into把某物掺进去 be/get mixed up with sth./sb. 与某事有关;与某人混在一起
[练习] 用mix的短语的适当形式或介词填空。
1). Don’ t try to _______ business ______ pleasure.
2). Mix the eggs ______ the flour.
3). I don’ t want to ______ ______ ______ in the affair.
答案:1). mix; with 2). into 3). be mixed up
4. measure vi.&vt. 测量;衡量;判定 n.[c,u] 尺寸;量具;计量单位;措施
[典例]
1). Can you measure accurately with this ruler? 用这把尺子能量得准吗?
2). It’ s hard to measure his ability when we haven’ t seen his work. 没有见过他的作品, 很难估计他的能力。
[重点用法]
measure A by B 用B衡量A sth. measures 2 metres by 4 metres 某物长4米宽2米
measure sb. for a suit = make a suit to sb’ s measure 给某人量身做一套衣服
[练习] 用measure的短语填空或翻译句子。
1). The tailor made a suit ______ _______ _______.
2). Success isn’ t _______ _______ how much money you have.
3). 我们教室的尺寸是长10米宽6米。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
答案:1). to my measure 2). measured by 3). Our classroom measures 6 metres by 10 metres.
3. surround vt.&vi. 包围;围绕 surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings (常用pl.)环境
[典例]
1). Trees surround the pond. 树木围绕着池塘。
2). The house was surrounded by high walls. 房子的四周有高墙。
[重点用法]
surround...with... 用……包围…… be surrounded by/with... 周围都是……
[练习] 用surround的短语或其适当形式填空。
1). _______ by a group of children, he felt happy.
2). There is no such kind of modern hospital in the ________ areas.
3). She has always been _______ _______fashionable friends.
4). She hopes to bring up her children in healthy _______.
5). With the house_______, the thief couldn’t flee and was caught.
答案:1). Surrounded 2). surrounding 3). surrounded with 4). surroundings 5). surrounded
2. eastward adv. 向东 adj. 向东的;朝东的
[典例]
1). They were traveling eastward(s) to the city which appeared in their dreams. 他们朝着东边向梦想中的城市进发。
2). The plane flied in an eastward direction. 飞机向东边飞去。
[词语归纳]
eastward(s) adj./adv. 向东的,向东地 westward(s) adj./adv. 向西的,向西地
southward(s) adj./adv. 向南的,向南地 northward(s) adj./adv. 向北的,向北地
southeastward(s) adj./adv. 向东南的,向东南地 northeastward(s) adj./adv. 向东北的,向东北地
southwestward(s) adj./adv. 向西南的,向西南地 northwestward(s) adj./adv. 向东北的,向东北地
[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1). It is said that Tangseng and his four apprentices(徒弟) traveled ________ in order to obtain the sacred Buddhist scripture.
2). When winter comes, the migratory birds travel in an __________ direction.
答案:1). westward(s) 2). southward(s)
1. chat vi.&n. 聊天;闲聊
[典例]
1). What were you chatting to him about? 你和他聊了些什麽?
2). I had a long chat with her (about her job).(关於她的工作)我和她聊了很久。
[重点用法]
chat to/with sb (about sth) = have a chat with sb (about sth) 与某人聊天、闲谈……
[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入所给词的适当形式或介词。
1). She often spends hours on the phone _______ (chat) to her friends.
2). We had a nice chat _______ (介词) a cup of tea.
答案:1). chatting 2). over
1. Canada n.加拿大 |
Canadian adj.加拿大的 n.加拿大人 |
|
2. multi-
(构词成分) 有 很多……的 |
multicultural adj.多元文化的multiracial adj.多种族的 |
multicoloured
adj.多色的 multimedia n.&adj.多媒体(的) |
3. extreme adj.极度(端)的; n.极端,过分 |
extremely adv.极端地;非常地 |
distantly adv. 淡然地 |
4. slightly adv. 轻微地 |
slight adj.轻微的;纤细的 |
|
5. confirm vt. 证实,肯定;确认;批准 |
confirmation
n. 证实 |
|
6. wealthy adj. 富有的;丰 富的 |
wealthily adv.富有地,丰富地 |
wealth n. 财富 |
7. distance
n. 距离 |
distant
adj. 远方的 |
|
8. tradition n. 传统,惯例 |
traditional
adj.传统的,习惯的 |
traditionally adv传统上的 |
9. approximately adv. 近似 地,几乎正确地 |
approximate
adj.大概的vt.接近vi.(to) 近似 |
|
[练习]用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。 1). When asked, she _________ (confirmation) that she was going to retire. 2). He left as a poor, working class boy and returned as a ________ (wealth) man. 3). Instead of stopping to speak, she passed by with only a ________ (distance) nod. 4). Britain is increasingly a ________ (多元文化的) society. 5). Earthquakes are ________ (extreme) difficult to predict. 6). The ________ ( distant) between his house and school is quite short. 7). The color black is ________ (tradition) associated with mourning. 8). Nowadays many young people still have ________ (tradition) family values. 9). Among my pen pals, two are ________ (Canada). 10). The job will take ________ (approximate) three weeks. 答案:1). confirmed 2). wealthy 3). distant 4). multicultural 5). extremely 6). distance 7). traditionally 8). traditional 9). Canadians 10). approximately |
1. within / in |
[解释] within指在时间或距离范围之内,表示“在这一范围内”,“不到”或“不超过”,常和一般将来时,一般现在时或一般过去时连用 in 是经过若干时间,表示“过多少时间”时,通常和一般将来时连用 [经典例句] I’ ll be there within an hour.(一小时之内)/ I’ ll be there in an hour.(一小时之后) |
[练习]根据句子意思用within或in填空。 1). My birthday is six days away. = My birthday is ______ six days’ time / is ______ six days. 2) He finished drawing the horse ______ ______five minutes. 3). Keep the dictionary _______ your reach. the ground is all wet. 4). My house is_____ walking distance of my university. 答案:1). in; in 2). in / within 3). within 4). within |
2. broad / wide / widely / broadly |
[解释] broad adj. 宽阔的(着重于幅面的宽广);可修饰背、肩、胸、心胸等的宽阔;开朗 wide adj.&adv. 宽阔的(着重于一边到另一边的宽度);广泛的 widely adv. 很开(阔);广泛(多用于引伸意义中) broadly adv. 广泛地;大体上(generally) |
[练习]根据句子意思用broad,wide,widely,broadly填空。 1). The hotel manager was shocked and stoof there with his mouth ______ open. 2). He was six feet tall, with ______ shoulders. 3). English is _______ used all over the world. 4). _______ speaking, I agree with you. 5). The room is three metres long and two metres _______. 答案:1). wide 2). broad 3). widely 4). Broadly 5). wide / broad |
3. in / on / to (表示方位) |
[解释] in “在……之内”,即一个小地方处在一个大地方的范围(疆域)之内。 on “在……端/边”,即一个地方在另一个地方的某一端或某一边,两个地方只是相邻或接壤,却互不管辖。 to “在……面”,即一个地方在另一个地方的范围之外,互不管辖。尤其当两个地方相隔较远,且有湖泊、大海等区域相隔时,通常用to。把河流、山脉、铁路等事物当做两地的分界线或基点,且不说明河流、山脉、铁路等是属于哪一方,通常使用介词to,译为“以……(方向)”。此外,表示一个地方离另一个地方有多远,也用to。 |
[练习]根据句子意思用in,on,to填空。 1). China faces the Pacific ______ the east. 2). China lies ______ the east of Asia and ______ the east of Japan. 3). North Korea is ______ the northeast of China. 4). Taiwan is ______ the southeast of Fujian Province. 5). The little town lies about one hundred miles ______ the west of Guilin. 答案:1). on 2). in; to 3). on 4). to 5). to |
4. manage to do sth. / try to do sth. / attempt to do sth. / seek
to do sth. |
[解释] manage to do sth.= succeed in doing sth. difficult 设法做成某些困难的事 try to do sth. = seek to do sth. 设法做某事(不一定做成) attempt to do sth.= try to so sth. difficult设法做某些困难的事(不一定做成) |
[练习]根据句子意思用manage,try,attempt,seek的适当形式填空。 1). He was stubborn, but we _______ to persuade him. 2). He _______ to swim across the river, but failed. 答案:1). managed 2). tried/sought/attempted |
17.X、Y、Z为三个不同短周期非金属元素的单质。在一定条件下有如下反应:Y+X→A(气),Y+Z→B(气)。请针对以下两种不同情况回答: (1)若常温下X、Y、Z均为气体,且A和B化合生成固体C时有白烟产生,则: ①Y的化学式是____________ ②生成固体C的化学方程式是____________。 (2)若常温下Y为固体,X、Z为气体,A在空气中充分燃烧可生成B,则: ①B的化学式是____________; ②向苛性钠溶液中通入过量的A,所发生反应的离子方程式是____________; ③将Y与(1)中某单质的水溶液充分反应可生成两种强酸,该反应的化学方程式是_______________________。 18.120℃、101.3kPa的条件下,有2LH2O(g)、2LCO、1LCO2、0.5LO2和1LH2组成的混合气体。现将混合气体通过分别放有足量铜粉、碳粉和氧化铜粉末的三个灼热的反应管。假设气体通过每个反应管时都能充分反应,且不论三个反应管以何种顺序排列,请回答: (1)尾气是否有可能是单一气体?________________________(填“可能”或“不可能”)。若可以,该气体是____________。 (2)原气体中是否有几种或一种不可能再存在于尾气中?________________________(填“有”或“没有”)。若有,它们或它是____________ (3)原气体中是否有几种或一种肯定存在于尾气中?________________________。(填“有”或“没有”),若有,它们或它是____________。若没有,请解释原因。
15. 有两个实验小组的同学为探究过氧化钠与二氧化硫反应,都用如图所示的装置进行实验。通过SO2气体,将带余烬的木条插入试管C中,木条复燃。
请回答下列问题: (1)第1小组同学认为Na2O2与SO2反应生成了Na2SO3和O2,该反应的化学方程式是:____________。 (2)请设计一种实验方案证明Na2O2与SO2反应生成的白色固体中含有Na2SO3。 (3)第2小组同学认为Na2O2与SO2反应除了生成Na2SO3和O2外,还有Na2SO4生成。为检验是否有Na2SO4生成,他们设计了如下方案:
上述方案是否合理?______________________________________________________。 请简要说明两点理由:①______________________;②___________________________。 16.为了测定足量铜与适量一定浓度的浓硝酸反应生成一氧化氮气体和二氧化氮气体的物质的量之比(用m表示),请从下图中选用合适的实验装置,设计一个合理而简单的实验,用于测定阴的值。(不考虑二氧化氮转化为四氧化二氮)其中E装置由甲、乙两根玻璃管组成,用橡皮管连通,并装人适量水,甲管有刻度(0-50mL),供量气用,乙管可上下移动,用来调节液面高低。回答下列问题:
(1)装置的连接顺序是(填各接口的编号入____________。 (2)连接好装置并检查气密性后,应打开____________通人氮气;然后打开____________,从乙管注水至充满甲、乙两管,关上a、b。通人氮气的原因是____________。 (3)实验后,若量气管中气体的体积为VmL(已换算成标准状况下),要测定m的值,还要将中的溶液作_______实验,假设测得其中溶质物质的量为n,用含V和n的式子表示m:____________。 (4)下列操作中能造成m值偏小的是( ) A.反应前E中甲管所装水里气泡没赶尽,而最后读数时气泡消失 B.实验前,甲、乙两管液面在同一水平面上,最后读数时乙管的液面高于甲管的液面 C.实验前没有先通人足量的氮气 D.实验过程中,E装置乙管的水溢出 三、推断填空题
13、A是一种白色晶体,它与浓NaOH溶液共热,放出无色气体B。用圆底烧瓶收集干燥的B。按图所示装置仪器,挤压滴管的胶头时,可以得到蓝色喷泉;A与浓H2SO4反应,放出无色气体C。用圆底烧瓶收集干燥的C,仍按图所示装置仪器,挤压滴管的胶头时,可以得到红色喷泉。
(1)A的化学式是____________。 (2)可用于除去B中水分的干燥剂是____________。收集气体B的方法是____________。 (3)收集气体C的方法是____________。 14、用下列装置连接成一套测定水的组成的实验装置。
(1)所用装置的连接顺序是____________。 (2)装置C的作用是_______,若不用C,测得的氢、氧质量比会_________(偏高或偏低)。 (3)测量数据如下,则水中氢和氧的质量比为____________。
|
实验前 |
实验后 |
氧化铜和玻璃管质量 |
M1 |
M3 |
氯化钙和U形管质量 |
M2 |
M4 |
(4)如果在停止加热的同时就停止通氢气,并拆开装置,则测定结果氢与氧的质量比________。(偏高或偏低)
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