22. A. side　　　　　　　 B. ground　　　 　 C. wall　　　　　 　　　 D. bottom

3. She also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them. 她努力劝说尽可能多的国家同意不使用它们(地雷)。

[解释] as...as possible = as... as one can “尽可能”，第一个as可接adj./adv. 或 many/few + n.(pl.) 或much/little + n.[u]，如：

1). Be as kind to her as possible / you can. 对她尽可能和蔼些。

2). Do your homework as carefully as possible / you can. 做作业尽可能地细心。

3). Read as many useful books as possible / you can. 看尽可能多的书。

[练习] 翻译句子。

1). 在写作中，你应该尽量少犯错误。

__________________________________________________________________________________

2). 为了养活一大家人，他卖力工作尽力多挣钱。

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Keys: 1). You should make as few mistakes as you can in your writing.　

2). In order to support a large family, he worked hard to earn as much money as possible.

2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以考虑自己的计划。

[解释] 以“only+状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句)”开头的句子要用部分倒装，即将

助动词或连系动词置于主语之前，如：

1). Only after my friend came was the computer repaired. 只有在我的朋友来后电脑才修好。

2). Only when you pointed it out for me did I realize that I was wrong. 只有当你帮我指出来了我才意识到我错了。

注意：如果以“only+主语”开头的句子不用倒装，如：

1). Only we can help ourselves. 只有我们能帮自己。

2). Only Tom failed in the exam.　 只有汤姆考试不及格。

[练习] 用倒装句型翻译句子。

1). 只有用这种方法我们才能把英语学得更好。

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2). 只有当你看了说明后你才知道怎么使用这台机器。

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Keys: 1). Only in this way can we learn English better.　 　

2). Only after you read the instructions do you know how to use the machine.

1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.()

[解释] 动名词做主语的用法：

动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作(在口语中也可以表示具体的动作)。如：

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。　 /　 Helping her is my duty. 帮助她是我的责任。

动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式：

①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。如：

1). Playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。

2). Talking is easier than doing. 说比做容易。

②用it作形式主语，把真正的主语--动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如: It is useless/worth/no good/no use/no sense doing sth.等，如：

1). It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。

2). It’ s no sense arguing with her. 和她争吵没有意思。

动名词短语作主语时的谓语动词用单数形式：

Learning new words is very important for me. 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。

[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。

1). Talking _______ (mend) no holes.

2). _______ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.　

3). Is it any good _______ (try) to explain?

Keys: 1). mends　 　2). Walking 　3). trying

5. live/lead a... life 过着……的生活

[典例]

They live a peaceful life. 他们过着平静的生活。

[短语归纳] “v. + 同源宾语”结构：

smile a... smile 露出……微笑　　 　　 　　　 　　　 dream a... dream 做了个……的梦　 　　　　

sleep a... sleep 睡个……觉　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 sing a... song 唱……的歌

die a... death ……怎样地死去　 　　　　 　　　　　 fight a... battle 打……的仗

laugh a... laugh 发出……方式的笑声

[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). We are living happily. = We are living _______ _______ _______.

2). _______ _______ _______ _______ (多么艰辛的生活) they lived!　

3). I _______ _______ _______ _______ (做了个美梦) last night.

Keys: 1). living a happy life　 　2). What a hard life 　3). dreamed/had a beautiful dream

VI 重点句子 (旨在提供句子结构等所需材料)

4. carry on 继续；坚持

[典例]

1). Carry on (working/with your work) while I'm away. 我不在的时候, 要继续做工作。

2). They decided to carry on in spite of the weather. 他们决定不管天气好坏都坚持。

[短语归纳] carry短语：

carry on (doing sth/with sth.) 继续(做)某事　　　　　 　　　　 carry out 贯彻，执行

carry out a plan/orders/instructions执行计划/命令/指示 　　　　 carry sth through 成功地完成某事物

carry about随身携带　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　　　 carry away运走, 使失去自制力

[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或carry短语。

1). They decided to _______ _______ in spite of the weather.

2). Extensive tests have _______ _______ _______ on the patient.

3). It is a difficult job but she’ s the person to carry it _______.

4). Don’ t blame me. I’ m only _______ _______ my orders.

Keys: 1). carry on　 　2). been carried out on 　3). through　 4). carrying out

3. come across = run across = meet by chance (偶然) 遇见；碰见　　

[典例]

1). I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning. 今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。

2). She came across some old photographs in a drawer. 她在抽屉里偶然发现一些旧照片。

[短语归纳] come短语：

come about = happen 发生　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　　　　　 come from 来自

come out 出现；开花；出版或发表；透露；显出　 　　　　　　 come up 升起；发生；出现

come up with sth 找到或提出(答案﹑办法等)

[练习] 用come短语的适当形式填空。

1). I _______ _______ some new words while reading. 　

2). His new book will _______ _______ next month.

3). She _______ _______ _______ a new idea for increasing sales.

4). Can you tell me how the accident _______ _______?

5). How did it _______ _______ that he knew where we were?

Keys: 1). came across 　2). come out　 3). came up with 　4). came about　 5). came about

2. refer to 谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指……而言　　

[典例]

1). We agreed never to refer to the matter again. 我们同意不再谈这件事了。

2). She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking. 当我们谈话时她以为我指的是她的女儿。

[重点用法]

refer to sb./sth. as 把某人/物称作　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　refer sth./sb. to 把某事提交；让某人向……求助　

[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). Although she didn’ t mention any names, everyone knew who she was ______ ______(指).

2). He gave the speech _______ _______ _______ (没有参阅) his notes.

3). He likes to _______ _______ _______ _______ (被称为) “Doctor Khee”.

4). My doctor referred me _______ (介词) a hospital specialist.

Keys: 1). referring to　 2). without referring to 　　　 　3). be referred to as　 4). to