2.　虚拟语气在方式状语从句中

在as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示‘似乎，好象’的意思，其动词形式与wish后接宾语从句中的形式相同。

Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman．艾伦谈起罗马来好像他是个罗马人一样。

I feel as if I were ten years younger . 我觉得我仿佛年轻了10岁

He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself . 他谈起金字塔来，就好象亲眼见过似的

I feel as if we had known each other for years . 我感到我们好象已经认识多年了

It looks as if it might rain . 看上去好象要下雨

1.　 虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中

在由lest , for fear that , in order that , so that , in case of 等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should / could / might + 动词原形构成，should也可省略。

He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again．他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。

I reminded her twice of it lest she should forget . 我提醒她两次，怕她忘记

I will not make a noise for fear that I should disturb him . 我不会出声的，以免打扰他

I have come all the way here in order that you should understand me . 我到这里来为的是你能理解我

He put his coat over his son in case he should catch cold . 他把大衣盖在儿子身上以免他着凉

注意：如果 in order that 和 so that 前的主句是现在时，其后的从句有时也可用 can , may + 动词原形。

Ask him to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them . 让他带着信赶快来以便我签字

在以lest 和in case 引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词若属于过去时，一般要用虚拟语气， should + 动词原形，若谓语动词不是过去时，也可以用成述语气。

take warm clothes in case the weather is cold . 带上厚衣服以防天变冷。

It is / was　 + necessary + that + 主语 + should + 加动词原形，should 可省略，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等

可用的词有：suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded , requested, insisted , important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange , a pity, a shame, no wonder , essential , advisable , mandatory , obligatory , vital , compulsory , crucial , fitting , better , best , appropriate , recommended …

当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should +动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation , aim , wish , necessity , preference , motion , plan，idea，resolution等。

We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off．我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。

The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone．由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。

Any proposals that john should be dismissed must be resisted . 必须抵制任何开除JOHN的提议

His idea that we should take up the matter with a special board is fairly resonable . 他建议我们以一个专门委员会处理这件事，这的确有道理

Our suggestion is that we should put on a play at the english evening . 我们建议在英语晚会上演一个剧

3.　wish的用法

1)wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时，其宾语从句的动词形式为：

　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 主句　　　　　　　 　从句

从句动作先于主句动词动作(be的过去式为 were)　　　　　 现在时　　　　　　 过去时

从句动作与主句动作同时发生(had + 过去分词)　　　　　 过去时/现在时　　过去完成时

将来不大可能实现的愿望　　　　　　　　　　将来时/现在时　　 would/could +动词原形

I wish I were as tall as you.　我希望和你一样高

He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话

I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了

I wish that he weren’t so lazy . 但愿他不那么懒

He wishes that he were a teacher .　 他希望他是个老师就好了

I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it . 但愿那时他对这事不那么大惊小怪

I wish that the rain would stop . 要是雨停就好了

2)在“it is wished that”句型以及作名词所引起的表语和同位语从句中也要求使用虚拟语气，用法同上。

3)　 wish to do；wish sb / sth to do

I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望见一见经理。

I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)我希望经理能马上得到消息

2.　在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command,

insist + (should) do

I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。

He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。

[点拨]如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

判断改错：　 (错) You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.

(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

(错) I insisted that you(should)be wrong.

(对) I insisted that you were wrong.

1.　虚拟语气用在would rather，would(just)as soon，would sooner，would prefer(希望)等后接的宾语从句中。意指某人宁愿让另一个人做某事，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。若表示现在或将来要做某事，从句谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去已经做的事，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。

The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office．经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。

To be frank，I'd rather you were not involved in the case．坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。

You don't have to be in such a hurry．I would rather you went on business first．你没有必要这么着急，我宁愿你先去上班。

I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being．我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。

Frankly speaking ，I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being．坦白地说我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不做。

Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early？为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢？

[点拨]①若某人愿自己做某事， would rather后用动词原形 　

　I would rather stay at home today．

② would rather．．．than．．．中用动词原形 　　　　　

　I would rather stay at home than go out today．

5.　用动词不定式表示条件

It would be a mistake not to help him.

She would have done anything to make amends . 她会做任何事来弥补

特殊情况：情态动词在日常用语中用得很多，使句子显得比较委婉；这类谓语算不算虚拟语气很难说，但有两点是肯定的：

一是它们不受时态的影响，虽然形式接近过去式，却常指现在的情况，而且和虚拟语气在形式上一致，在不少情况下几乎可以说是一种含蓄的虚拟条件句；

二是它们不表示事实，常带有主观色彩，因而使句子显得很委婉。

I should think that might be a good solution .

could I trouble you with a question ?

could you lend me some money ?

would you mind taking part ?

would you like some tea ?

4.　通过分词短语表示条件

Given more time, we could have done it better.

Legalizing this drug would have disastrous consequence . 使毒品合法化会有灾难性的后果

3.　连词otherwise, or, but

He would have given you more help , but he has been so busy . 他本来要多给你一些帮助，只是他太忙了

Seize the chance , otherwise you would regret it . 如果不抓住这个机会，你会后悔的

He felt very tired yesterday , or he would have helped you . 他昨天觉得很累，不然会帮你的