2. dare

考试中主要测试dare作情态动词和作实义动词的区别。

情态动词dare 与实义动词dare 在时态、肯定、否定、疑问结构上的对比见下表。

句型 情态动词dare 实义动词 dare

肯定句 现在时 dare to 少用

过去时 dare to 少用 现在时 dare/dares to do

过去时 dared to do

否定句 现在时 daren’t/dare not do

过去时 dared not do 现在时 do/does not dare (to) do

过去时 did not dare (to) do

疑问句 现在时 Dare he do?

过去时 Dared he do? 现在时 Do you/Does he dear (to) do?

过去时 Did he dare (to) do

1. need

考试中主要测试 need 作情态动词与作实义动词的区别.

情态动词need与实义动词need 在时态、肯定、否定结构上的对比见下表。

时态 情态动词need 实义动词 need

现在时 He need (needn’t) do

Need he do….? He needs (doesn’t need) to do

过去时 He needed (didn’t need) to do

将来时 He need (needn’t) do

Need he do….? He will (not) need to do

注: need 一般用于否定句或疑问句.

情态动词+行为动词完成进行式(即情态动词+ have been + v-ing 形式)，表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如：

1)They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.

2)He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.

情态动词+行为动词进行式(即情态动词+ be + doing形式)，表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如：

1)He must be playing basketball in the room.

2)She may be staying at home.

5. needn’t have done

needn’t have done 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为“本没必要…”。

You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today.

注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，就表示的可能性程度而言，must最大，could其次，may更次之，might最小。例如：

“I wonder how Tom knew about your past.”

“He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.”

4. ought to / should have done和 ought not to / shouldn’t have done

ought to / should have done 和 ought not to / shouldn’t have done 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”。例如：

1)With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night.

2)You ought not to have made fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.

3. could have done 在肯定句型中, 往往用作委婉的批评. 本应该做什么,而没做; 有时也用作猜测.

You could have told us earlier.

Tom could have taken the dictionary.

2.may / might have done

may / might have done 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。例如：

I can’t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.

情态动词+动词完成式即“情态动词+ have + done分词”，表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。

1. must have done表示对过去某事的肯定猜测。其否定或疑问形式都用can(could) 来表示.

Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night.

He can’t have missed the way. I drew him a map.

“The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?”

当然对现在发生或将来发生的事情,要用must do 表示猜测, 否定为can’t do.

He must understand that we mean business.

You must be hungry after a long walk.

4、走和平发展道路是我国政府和人民根据时代发展潮流和自身根本利益作出的战略抉择。