27.Independent learning give you the freedom your learning to your demanding lifestyle.
A.tailored B.to have tailoring C.to tailor D.tailoring
26. she couldn’t understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lesson.
A.what, why B.That, what C.What, because D.Why, that
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
25.We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent.
A.the; the B./; the C.the; / D./; /
Section A: Short conversations
Directions: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversations, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A.Relatives. B.Classmates C.A couple. D.Neighbors.
2. A.1:00. B.2:30. C.2:00. D.1:30.
3. A.He wants to know when the game will be over.
B.He wants to have a snack immediately.
C.He wants to play baseball immediately.
D.He wants to wait until the game is over.
4. A.In an airplane. B.In a hotel. C.In a restaurant. D.In a store.
5. A.She had told the man. B.She had heard something.
C.She didn’t know anything. D.She dislikes traveling.
6. A.She is afraid to fly. B.She will tell the man later.
C.She is tired of taking a plane. D.She hates hearing news of air crash.
7. A.They taste good. B.They look good.
C.They are very useful. D.They are not delicious.
8. A.Maths. B.Both classes. C.Chemistry. D.Neither of them.
9. A.The man doesn’t believe Jane can run the marathon race.
B.The woman is sure that Jane qualifies for the marathon race.
C.The woman laughed at Jane when she entered for the marathon race.
D.Jane was joking when she said she would take part in the marathon race.
10.A.Michael Smith is not here at the moment.
B.Michael Smith is working at the moment.
C.The man may have dialed the wrong number.
D.Nobody is working at the moment.
Section B: Passages
Directions: In section B, you will hear two short conversations, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passage will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11.A.A composition. B.A news item. C.A short story. D.A letter.
12.A.Last Wednesday. B.Last Saturday. C.Last Sunday. D.Last Friday.
13.A.Keep the stove burning. B.Finish his drawing and painting.
C.Keep himself warm. D.Keep himself excited.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14.A.It is a world that moves round our sun.
B.It is a world that has light of its own.
C.It is a world that moves round a star.
D.It is a world that is too far for us to see.
15.A.Because sometimes we read them in the textbook.
B.Because the planets give out light.
C.Because we have seen some planets pull their stars to one side while they go round.
D.Because the planets are not far away from us.
16.A.Barnad’s Star always moves quickly for its big size.
B.Barnad’s Star moves more quickly than any other star up to now.
C.Barnad’s Star moves more quickly than its planet.
D.Barnad’s Star sometimes moves slower as we are examining it.
Section C: Longer Conversations
Directions: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are asked to fulfill the task by filling in the numbered blanks with the information you hear. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Questions 17 through 20are based on the following passage.
How many people are there in the applicant’s family? 17
Where did she work before? In a 18 factory.
What’s the entrance salary? It’s as in the 19 .
When will she get the annual increase? During the three-year 20 period.
Complete the form. Write one word for each answer.
Questions 21 through 24 are based on the following passage.
Information about an Applicant
Full name: Helen Ann 21 .
Education: 22 in San Francisco State college.
Current position: In ticket sales in 23 .
Present salary: 24 per month.
Complete the form. Write no more than three words for each answer.
40.(8分)下图表示在生物体外获取DNA(或目的基因)的两种方式。
图一示经PCR技术扩增获取DNA的过程。PCR是聚合酶链式反应的缩写。PCR方法模仿体内DNA的复制过程,首先使DNA变性(加热至94℃),两条链解旋为单链;然后冷却(至55℃)使引物(DNA复制时所需的约20个核苷酸的短链)与单链相应碱基互补序列结合;再在热稳定DNA聚合酶(Taq酶)作用下进行延伸(加热至72℃),即以4种脱氧核苷酸为原料,在引物的引导下合成与模板互补的DNA新链。如果2条DNA单链各补上一条新链即成2个DNA分子。如此反复循环,DNA以指数形式扩增。上述过程可以在PCR扩增仪中自动完成。
图二示逆转录形成DNA的过程。即以mRNA为模板,逆转录成互补的单链DNA,然后在酶的作用下合成双链DNA。
请据图分析回答:
(1)图一中的DNA聚合酶的化学本质是 ,它与人体内的DNA聚合酶相比具有 特性。
(2)图一A中的DNA解旋过程在人体内可由 催化完成。c过程复制方式的特点是 ,该过程需要 和能量等基本条件。
(3)图二E中的碱基互补配对方式与图一C中的不同之处是 。假设图一的一个模板DNA分子中有800个碱基对,其中含有腺嘌呤600个,若通过PCR技术共消耗周围环境中游离的胞嘧啶脱氧核苷酸6200个,则该模板DNA在;PCR扩增仪中已经复制了 次。
41.(6分)如图为测量过氧化氢酶与过氧化氢反应放出O2的实验装置,水槽内注有清水,倒置的量筒内也充满了清水。提前制作大小相同的圆形小滤纸片若干。
实验一:
①制备新鲜动物肝脏的研磨液;
②将4片圆形小滤纸片在肝脏研磨液中浸泡后取出,并贴在反应室上侧的内壁上(如图A所示);
③向反应小室内加入10mL3%H2O2溶液(如图A所示);
④将反应小室上下旋转180度,成图B所示状态;
⑤每隔30s读取并记录一次量筒中水面的刻度一次,共进行5min。
实验二:
除了将圆形小滤纸片的数量改成2片,其他均与实验一相同。请回答下列问题:
(1)上述实验探究的是 与酶促反应速度的关系。
(2)如果上述两实验的结果无明显差异,则需如何改进实验?
(3)如果根据实验一得到的数据绘制出了如图所示曲线图。
那么实验二的大致曲线应该是怎样的?请在曲线图中
添画该曲线。
(5)如果要利用上述实验的试剂、材料、装置等研究温度
对酶促反应速率的影响,与本题上述的研究相比,在
实验条件上需作如下变动:①在各次实验中,清水的温度不同(如0℃、30℃、
100℃等)
②_ _______________ ______;
③__________________________ ___。
39.(12分)右图表示人体中甘油三酯的代谢过程。图中箭头表示物质的去路和物质的合成或分解。
(1)血液中的脂质总称为血脂。血脂的主
要成分除甘油三酯外还有 、
和游离的脂肪酸。
(2)血液中的甘油三酯来源有2种,其中
内源性来源如图中的 途径(填
标号)在血液中以 形式运输。
(3)在肝细胞和脂肪细胞中,由胰岛素参
与的过程是 ,由肾上腺素参
与的过程是 ,由胰高血素参
与的过程是 。(填标号)
(4)若图中血管发生动脉粥样硬化是由于
动脉内壁上多余的 和其它脂质
的堆积而增厚引起的疾病。
(5)血液在血管中流动,对血管壁产生一定的侧压力,即血压。人体的血压受到 的调节,参与降压反射的感受器为 ,当神经冲动到达心血管中枢后,通过 影响效应器 的活动,使动脉血压有所下降。
38.(12分)某转基因作物有很强的光合作用强度。某中学生物兴趣小组在暑假开展了对该转基因作物光合强度测试的研究课题,设计了如下装置。请你利用下列装置完成光合作用强度的测试实验,并分析回答有关问题:
|
|
I.实验步骤
(1)先测定植物的呼吸作用强度,方法步骤是:
①
②
③30分钟后分别记录甲、乙两装置红墨水滴移动的方向和刻度。
(2)测定植物的净光合作用强度,方法步骤是:
①
②
③30分钟后分别记录甲、乙两装置红墨水滴移动的方向和刻度。
(3)实验操作30分钟后,记录甲装置红墨水滴移动情况:
|
|
实验30分钟后红墨水滴移动情况 |
测定植物呼吸作用 |
甲装置 |
(填左或右移)1.5厘米 |
乙装置 |
右移0.5厘米 |
|
测定植物净光合作用 |
甲装置 |
(填左或右移)4.5厘米 |
乙装置 |
右移0.5厘米 |
II.实验分析:
假设红墨水滴每移动1cm,植物体内的葡萄糖增加或减少1g。那么该植物的呼吸作用速率是 g/小时。白天光照15小时,一昼夜葡萄糖的积累量是 g。(不考虑昼夜温差影响)
37.(13分)请回答免疫相关问题:
(I)人体体液免疫过程如下图,若数字表示过程,字母表示细胞或物质,请据图回答下列问题:
(1)大多数抗原经过a 细胞的摄取和处理,可将其内部隐蔽的抗原暴露出来,然后呈递给b 细胞,再呈递给B细胞。
(2)a细胞的作用构成了机体抗感染的第 道防线。当病原体穿过表皮进入结缔组织时,该细胞能伸出伪足将病原体吞噬,形成吞噬泡。 随即与吞噬泡融合,其内含有 ,能杀灭细菌等病原体并将其消化。
(3)B细胞受刺激后可形成c 细胞,同时还有一小部分B细胞形成了d 细胞,c的大部分能产生物质e 。物质e的化学成分是 。
(II)某科研所为了开发痢疾疫苗,利用鼷鼠做了一系列生理实验。实验的步骤及结果如下表:
请根据上表中的结果,分析并回答下列问题:
(1)与甲组相比,乙组体内抗体合成程度明显高于甲组的原因是:鼷鼠第一次接种时产生了一定量的 ,当第二次接种时,其就会在体液免疫的反应阶段迅速增殖、分化产生新的 ,进而产生更强的特异性免疫反应。
(2)丁组与戊组对照,说明抗痢疾杆菌抗体的合成过程需要 细胞的帮助。与乙组相比,丁组抗体合成程度较低的原因是 。
36.(12分)请回答下列有关生长素的相关问题:
(I)下图A~D为科学家所做的实验,□为不含生长素的琼脂块,■为含生长素的琼脂块。请据图回答:
(1)①~④的琼脂块中,含生长素较多的有 ;⑤~⑧中不含生长素的琼脂块有
。
(2)生长素的化学名称为 ,生长素最基本的作用是 。
(3)由图A、B可知, 可引起生长素分布不均匀,由图C、D可知生长素的运输属于 。
(II)右图所示为某植物四枚子房生长的曲线,其中b、c已受粉,a、d未受粉,b种子能正常生长,a、b、c、d生长情况如图E所示,请分析出现现象的原因:
(1)a:
(2)c:
(3)d:
(4)果实a和b最大的区别是:
(5)在农业生产上,生长素类似物有广泛的应用,常见的生长
素类似物有(试举2例)
;与生长素相比其优点是(至少列举两点):
34.(10分)下图为人体内物质代谢过程示意图,请据图回答。
(1)图中A、B、C、D四种物质能在肝脏中形成的是 。
(2)用14C标记食物中的糖类,则14C由血糖开始经⑧⑩16途径到达肌肉细胞中最后形成14CO2,最多穿过的磷脂双分子层的层数为 层。
(3)对途径⑥有促进作用的激素有 和 。
(4)糖尿病重症患者体内.发生障碍的途径主要是 (用图中序号表示),此时,体内的蛋白质和 (用图中字母表示)的分解便会加强,导致机体逐渐消瘦,体重减轻等。
(5)1型糖尿病的发病与 等因素有关,通常采用 来进行治疗,预防糖尿病最好的方法是保持愉快的心情、合理的饮食结构和经常运动。
(6)健康人体内通过⑩途径不能获得某些氨基酸,其原因是 。若A物质储存较少的健康人,禁食一段时间后,往往会出现尿频现象,分析其原因主要是 。
35.(9分)右图是神经元网络结构示意简图,图中神经元①、②、
③都是兴奋性神经元,且这些神经元兴奋时都可以引起下一
级神经元或肌细胞的兴奋。和神经细胞一样,肌肉细胞在受
到适宜的刺激后,也能引起细胞膜电位的变化。图中B处表
示神经肌肉接头,其结构和功能与突触类似。请回答:
(1)给神经元①一个适宜刺激,在A处能记录到膜电位的
变化。这是因为刺激使神经元①兴奋,引起其神经末
梢释放的 进入 ,随后与突触后膜上
的 结合,导致神经元②产生兴奋。
(2)若给骨骼肌一个适宜刺激,在A处 (能、不能)
记录到膜电位的变化,原因是 。
(3)若在A处给予一个适宜刺激,在C处 (能、不能)记录到膜电位的变化,原因是 。
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