82.Why do the scientists do such a research ?(no more than 15 words)

________________　　　　　　　　　　 ________________________________________

81.How many kinds of aminals have scientists put copies of human gene into ?(no more than 1 word)

　　 ____________　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　________　　　　　　　

70.Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage?

A. How can we know one is suffering from malaria?

B. How many people are killed by malaria each year?

C. Why are there so many people suffering from malaria？

D. What has been done to keep people unaffected for long？

PART FOUR: WRITING

Section A (10 scores)

Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit.Fill in the blanks NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS .

Do you know that more than 70% of the earth dryland is affected by desertification?

　 About 3.6 billion of the world’s 5.2 billion hectares of useful dryland for agriculture has suffered erosion and soil degradation. In more than 100 countries, 1 billion of the 6 billion world population is affected by desertification, forcing people to leave their farms for jobs in the cities.

　 Desertification takes place in dryland areas where the earth is especially fragile, where rainfall is nil and the climate harsh. The result is the destruction of topsoil followed by loss of the land’s ability to sustain crops, livestock or human activity. The economic impact is horrendous, with a loss of more than billion per year in agricultural goods and an increase in agricultural prices.

　 Climate changes can trigger the desertification process, but human activities frequently are the proximate cause. Overcultivation exhausts the soil. Defoerstation removes trees that hold the soil to the land. Overgrazing of livestock strips the land of grasses. According to a UN study, about 30% of the earth’s land -----including the 70% of dryland---- is affected by drought. Everyday, about 33,000 people starve to death.

　 Desertification create conditions that intensify wildfires and stirring winds, adding to the tremendous pressure to earth’s most precious resource, water, and of course, the animal dependent on it. According to the World Fund for Nature, the world lost about 30% of its natural wealth between 1970 and 1995.

　 Dust from deserts and drylands are blown into cities around the world. Dust from America reaches Europe through the Pasat wind, and even reaches US cities. Dust particles, which are less than 2.5 millionths of a meter in size, are inhaled, causing health problems and have been shown to boost death rates.

　 The UN has called on all the countries to work together to fight against desertification, and better our living conditions.

Section B (10 scores)

Agricultural scientists in the United States have put a copy of a human gene into pigs, sheep and rabbits. They report that the gene seems to be working in some of the animals. The gene that the scientists are using controls the production of human growth hormone (荷尔蒙)，a chemical necessary for growth.

They are using the human gene because it has been more closely studied than any other growth gene. The scientists hope their work will someday result in food animals that grow faster and larger or produce more milk or eggs. The research is being done by scientists at the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Washington and the United States Department of agriculture. The scientists put copies of human growth hormone into the fertilized eggs of the female animals. When baby animals were born from the eggs, the scientists looked for evidence that the human gene had become part of the animal’s genetic material. They examined almost 200 baby pigs and found the gene in 20 of them. They found it in 28 of more than 200 rabbits, but it was in only one of 73 baby sheep. The scientists said they found the human growth chemical produced by the gene in some of the animals.

It is too soon to know if the animals will pass the transplanted human growth gene to their young, proving that the gene has become permanent (永久的) part of their genetic material. Similar research with mice two years ago produced a new kind of mouse that is two times larger than normal. The scientists hope the same thing will happen with farm animals. They say their research will permit other gene transplants that can give animals defense against diseases, or let them live in very hot or very cold places. American farmers already use chemical hormones to increase the size of cattle and the amount of milk they produce. But they have to put the hormones into the cows. If the gene transplants are fully successful, the cow’s body will produce growth hormone.

69.It can be inferred from the passage that____________.

A. no drugs have been found to treat the disease

B. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people

C. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites

D. nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease

68.Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?

A. Its resistance to global warming.　 　　　　B. Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.

C. Its outbreaks in cities with large populations. D. Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.

67.People suffering from malaria__________.

A. have to kill female mosquitoes　　　 B. have ability to defend parasites

C. have their red blood cells infected　 D. have sudden fever, followed by chills

66. According to paragraph 1, many people don't seek care because　　　　 .

A. they are too poor　　　　　　 　　B. it is unusual to seek care

C. they can remain unaffected for long　 D. there are too many people suffering from the disease

65. The purpose of the passage is to _________.

A. describe the difficulties today’s parents have met with

B. discuss the development of the parent-child relationship

C. suggest the ways to handle the parent-child relationship

D. compare today’s parent-child relationship with that in the past

C

Malaria, the world's most widespread parasitic(寄生虫引起的) disease, kills as many as three million people every year-almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don' t (or can't) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.

Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect (感染). They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn't kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease is passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth-and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming.

For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.

64. By saying “today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side.” the author means that today’s parents _________.

A. follow the trend of the change　　 B. can set a limit to the change

C. fail to take the change seriously　　 D. have little difficulty adjusting to the change

63. The change in today’s parent-child relationship is _________.

A. more confusion among parents　　　　 B. new equality between parents and children

C.1ess respect for parents from children　　 D. more strictness and authority on the part of parents