5．　 The taxi driver was friendly? He took me to the airport?　

The taxi driver who took me to the airport was friendly?

4．　 We are studying sentences? They contain adjective dause?　

We are studying sentences that (which) contain adjective dause?

3．　 The students are from China? They sit in the front row?　

The students who sit in the front row are from China?

(要注意的是先行词是 students 则 who 的数也应看作复数。)

2．　 The girl is happy? She won the race?　

The girl who won the race is happy?

(三)　例题解析

1?　 There ＿＿＿ a pencil?box on the desk．　

A .is　 B.　are　 C. has　 D. have

［答案］ A.

［析］ There be 句形中的 be 动词要看其后面离它最近的名词而定，如： There are two books and a pencil on the desk? 但却可以讲 There is a pencil and two books on the desk?

2?　 Could you tell me ＿＿＿ ?　

A?　Mrs King where lives B?　where does Mrs King live 　

C?　where Mrs King lives D?　Mrs King lives where

［答案］ C.

［析］ 宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。

3?　 Your brother came to see you， ＿＿＿ ?　

A?　does he B?　doesn't he C?　did he D?　didn't he

［答案］ D.

［析］ 前句是肯定句，后面反意疑问句要用否定句，同时 came 为过去时态，所以应用 didn't he?

4?　 It's getting cloudy， ＿＿＿ ?　

A?　does' it B?　doesn't it C?　is it D?　isn't it

［答案］ D.

［析］ 要区分's 是 has 还是 is， 这里由 getting 得出's 是is。

5?　 ＿＿＿ keep me waiting so long．　

A?　Not B?　Won't C?　Don't D?　Not to

［答案］ C.

［析］ Don't + 动词原形为祈始句的否定句。

6?　 Mr Green hasn't been to Beijing, ＿＿＿ ?　

A?　has he B?　hasn't he C?　did he D?　didn't he

［答案］ A.

［析］ 此句 has 是助动词与过去分词构成现在完成时态。

7?　 You have your lunch at school, ＿＿＿ ?　

A?　have you B?　haven't you C?　do you D?　don't you

［答案］ D.

［析］ 这里的 have 是实意动词"吃"，而不是助动词。

8?　 ＿＿＿ sunny day! Let's go out for a walk．　

A?　How a B?　How C?　What a D?　What

［答案］ C.

［析］ 这个感叹句是个省略句，其真实的句子应为 What a sunny day it is!

9?　 - Can you tell me ＿＿＿ ?　 - Sure? She's a nurse?　

A?　where is your sister B?　where your sister is 　

C?　what is your sister D?　what your sister is

［答案］ D.

［析］ who 问的是姓名，如： Who is he? He is Smith? 或 He is my father? What 问的是职业，如： What is he? He is a teacher?

10?　 John likes listening to the radio， ＿＿＿ ?　

A?　does he B?　doesn't he C?　doesn't John D?　does Johe

［答案］ B.

［析］ 当名词作主语时，反意疑问句应用代词。

11?　 Neither you nor I ＿＿＿ on the team．　

A?　are B?　were C?　am D?　is

［答案］ C.

［析］ 由 neither … nor … 作连接词作主语时，其谓语动词要与相临近的那个主语相呼应。

12?　 ＿＿＿ delicious food! I'd like some more．　

A?　what a B?　How a C?　What D?　How

［答案］ C.

［析］ 因 food 为不可数名词。

13?　 ＿＿＿ there a cat under the chair?　

A?　Are B?　Is C?　Has D?　Have

［答案］ B.

［析］ 这是 there be 句型的疑问句。

14?　 Could you tell me ＿＿＿ ?　

A?　when the train will arrive B?　when the train arrived 　

C?　when did the train arrive D?　when does the train arrives

［答案］ A.

［析］ could 用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉，并不是过去时态。且宾语从句要用陈述语句。

15?　 - ＿＿＿ bad weather!　

- Yes， But it's going to be fine soon， I think?　

A?　How B?　What a C?　What an D?　What

［答案］ D.

［析］ weather 为不可数名词。

16?　 - Could you tell me ＿＿＿ ?　

- Yes， They ＿＿＿ to the library?　

A?　where are the twins， have been

B?　where were the twins， have been 　

C?　where the twins are， have gone

D?　where the twins were， have gone

［答案］ C.

［析］ have been to 是去过什么地方，而现在回来了。 have gone to 是到某地去了，人现在不在这里。

17?　 Go and ＿＿＿ the TV quickly? The volleyball match will begin right away．　

A?　turn off B?　turn down C?　turn up D?　turn on

［答案］ D.

［析］ 这是个祈使句，它由 and 连接两个动词。注意词组搭配的不同含义。

18?　 Let's go for some tea， ＿＿＿ ?　

A?　shall we B?　will we C?　do we D?　don't we

［答案］ A.

［析］ Let's go …， shall we? Let us go …， will you?这是两个特殊的反意疑问句。

19?　 Joan's short， ＿＿＿ ?　

A?　wasn't she B?　hasn't she C?　isn't she D?　doesn't she

［答案］ C.

［析］ 在此句中应视's为is，而不是 has 或 was。

20?　 I don't know ＿＿＿ to read the word．　

A?　which B?　what C?　whose D?　how

［答案］ D.

［析］ 因不定式 to read 中的 read 是及物动词，已有自己的宾语 the word， 所以应用疑问副词 how。

21?　 He didn't go to school， ＿＿＿ he was ill．　

A?　for B?　but C?　and D?　so

［答案］ A.

［析］ 这里是表示因果的关系，从句表示原因，所以用 for，放于句尾，且常常前面有一个逗号。so 引起的是结果状语从句，如： He was only twelve， so he couldn't join the army?

22?　 The young woman can hardly ride a bike， ＿＿＿ she?　

A?　doesn't B?　does C?　can't D?　can

［答案］ D.

［析］ hardly 为否定词，所以应视此句为否定句。其后的反意疑问句应用肯定句。

23?　 Tom never goes to the cinema on Sundays， ＿＿＿ ?　

A?　does he B?　doesn't he C?　isn't he D?　is he

［答案］ A.

［析］ never 也是否定词，所以应将句子看作否定句。

24?　 Mother said to him， "Don't ＿＿＿ on football．"　

A?　spend too much time B?　to spend too much time 　

C?　spend too many time D?　to spend too many time

［答案］ A.

［析］ time 作为"时间"讲为不可数名词，应用 much 来修饰。当作"次数"讲是可数名词，如 three times 三次，而 Don't … 这一句是祈使句的否定句。

25?　 Mr White， together with some Japanese friends， ＿＿＿ visit our school this afternoon．　

A?　are going to B?　is going to C?　have D?　has

［答案］ B.

［析］ 句子的主语是Mr? White， 而together with … 是伴随状况，不影响句子的主语。

26?　 There is little water in the glass， ＿＿＿ ?　

A?　is it B?　is there C?　isn't it D?　isn't there

［答案］ B.

［析］ 这是 there be 句型的反意疑问句。

27?　 Ampere was thinking about a maths problem， ＿＿＿ ?　

A?　didn't he B?　wasn't he C?　did he D?　is he

［答案］ B.

［析］ 这是进行时态的反意疑问句。

28?　 She had a good time yesterday， ＿＿＿ she ?　

A?　wasn't B?　didn't C?　hasn't D?　isn't

［答案］ B.

［析］ had 这里是实意动词而不是助动词。

29?　 We'll make ＿＿＿ for you in the front of the car．　

A?　a room B?　room C?　rooms D?　some rooms

［答案］ B.

［析］ room 此处为不可数名词，意为"地方，空间"。

30?　 Neither she nor I ＿＿＿ to the Great wall before．　

A?　has gone B?　have gone C?　have been D?　has been

［答案］ C.

［析］ 由neither … nor 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与相临近的那个主语相呼应。

31?　 Help me collect these books， ＿＿＿ ?　

A?　are you B?　will you C?　do you D?　shall you

［答案］ B.

［析］ 祈使句的反意疑问句应用 will you， 而Let's go 例外，其反意疑问句为 shall we?

32?　 The number of deer， mountain lions and wild roses

＿＿＿ change much if people leave things as they are．　

A?　don't B?　doesn't C?　isn't D?　didn't

［答案］ B.

［析］ the number of 为"……的数量、数目"，所以谓语动词用单数形式。而 a number of 要加复数名词，其谓语动词也用复数。

33?　 She's had breakfast， ＿＿＿ ?　

A?　is she B?　isn't she C?　hasn't she D?　has she

［答案］ C.

［析］ 这里的's应视为 has?

34?　 I wonder ＿＿＿ ．　

A?　whose bicycle is it B?　it is whose bicycle　

C?　is it whose bicycle D?　whose bicycle it is

［答案］ D.

［析］ wonder 后的宾语从句应用陈述语序。

35?　 It is good for us ＿＿＿ morning exercises．　

A?　do B?　to do C?　did D?　done

［答案］ B.

［析］ 这里的 it 是形式主语，而真正的主语是不定式 to do …

36?　 Peter has sports very often， ＿＿＿ ?　

A?　does， Peter B?　doesn't he C?　doesn't Peter D?　does he

［答案］ B.

［析］ has 这里是实意动词，而主语为名词时其反意疑问句中的主语要用代词。

37?　 Mr? Black said， "Jenny， don't be late tomorrow?"　

Mr? Black told Jenny ＿＿＿ ．　

A?　don't be late tomorrow　 B?　didn't be late tomorrow 　

C?　not be late next morning　 D?　not to be late the next day

［答案］ D.

［析］ tell 一般要加双宾语，其间接宾语是 Jenny， 直接宾语是不定式。而这里用的是不定式的否定形式。

38?　 Li Mei read the newspaper to the granny， ＿＿＿ ?　

A?　does she B?　didn't she C?　did she D?　wasn't she

［答案］ B.

［析］ read这里是过去时态，因其主语是第三人称单数，而 read 并未加 s 所以是过去时态。(read 的过去时与过去分词都是 read，只不过读音不同)

(二)　正误辨析

［误］ The stories in that book was written many years ago?

［正］ The stories in that book were written many years ago.

［析］ 作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词，它们往往要带有修饰词，这些词可能是形容词，也可能是短语，但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数，要记住的是一个名词不可能在同一句中作两个不同的语法成份，如： book 作了 of 的介词宾语则不可能再作主语了。

［误］ To read many books are good for you?

［正］ To read many books is good for you?

［析］ 不定式作主语应该看作单数主语。

［误］ What he said are right?

［正］ What he said is right?

［析］ 从句作主语一定要按单数主语看待。

［正］ The rich is not always happy?

［误］ The rich are not always happy?

［析］ 形容词+定冠词表示一类人，谓语动词应用复数，如： The young are very interested in study and sports?

［误］ The school master and writer are coming?

［正］ The school master and writer is coming?

［析］ 本句应译为：校长兼作家就要来了。而 The school master and the writer are coming? 则要译为：校长和一个作家要来了。在英语表达法中确实有 The girl and boy are playing on the grass? 这应译为：一个女孩，一个男孩在操场上玩。因为不可能这样两个概念作用在一个人身上。又如： the husband and wife? 夫妻二人。

［误］ You or she go to get some water for us?

［正］ You or she goes to get some water for us?

［析］ 由 or 连接的两个主语应以离谓语动词近的那一个计算其数。这样的用法还有 either … or，neither … nor， not only … but also 也有人称作"就近原则"。

［误］ The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom?

［正］ The teacher with a lot of students comes into the classroom?

［析］ 真正的主语是 the teacher， 而 with 短语是伴随状态，不影响主语的数。

［误］ My glasses is broken?

［正］ My glasses are broken?

［误］ This pair of glasses are good?

［正］ This pair of glasses is good?

［误］ These kinds of butter is good.

［正］ These kinds of butter are good?

［析］ 英语中有些名词只有复数形式，如： glasses 眼镜， shorts 短裤等。如没有量词在前时，要用复数谓语动词，但有了量词之后则要按量词的单复数计算。

［误］ One of the boys are going to take part in the match?

［正］ One of the boys is going to take part in the match?

［析］ One of 结构应以 one 来计算主语的数。

［误］ Half of the work are done?

［正］ Half of the work is done?

［误］ Half of the books is read?

［正］ Half of the books are read?

［析］ 在小于1的数量词作主语时，如： 2 3 ，80%，0．35… + of +名词，这时主语的数应按 of 后面的名词计算。如果名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数，则谓语动词要用单数，如名词是复数则要用复数谓语动词。

［误］ Each sides are full of trees?

［正］ Each side is full of trees?

［误］ Both side is full of trees?

［正］ Both sides are full of trees?

［析］ each， either 其后都要加单数名词，而 both 后要加复数名词。 如： each， either， another， little， a little， much等作主语时，谓语动词全部要用单数形式。

［误］ The boys each has an apple?

［正］ The boys each have an apple?

［析］ each 作同位语时，不影响句子的主语。

［误］ Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert?

［正］ Every one of us has a ticket for the concert?

［析］ everyone， someone， everybody … 在作主语时都不能加 of 结构。

［误］ Girls like dancing very much， but few likes playing football?

［正］ Girls like dancing very much， but few like playing football?

［析］ few 虽然含意上是"几乎没有"，但作主语时仍要当作复数。

［误］ The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred?

［正］ The number of the workers in that factory is two hundred?

［析］ the number of 意为：某某的数字是…… 如： the number of students 学生人数， the number of players 运动员人数。不论数字如何都应看作单数。而 a number of 与 many 意思相同，其后加可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。如： A number of students are playing on the grass?

［误］ The rest of the students is here?

［正］ The rest of the students are here?

［误］ The rest of the work are done?

［正］ The rest of the work is done?

［析］ the rest of 的用法与2／3，一半，80%+ of 的结构一致， of 后面为可数名词复数时用复数谓语动词，为不可数名词或可数名词单数时用单数谓语动词。这样用法还有 lots of， a lot of， plenty of。

［误］ The news in today's newspaper are not bad?

［正］ The news in today's newspaper is not bad?

［析］ 有些以 s 结尾的名词要用作不可数名词，它们是：news， physics， mathematics， thanks， …

［误］ The Chinese is kind and friendly?

［正］ The Chinese are kind and friendly?

［析］ Chinese 作为中文来讲是单数名词，但作为中国人讲是单复同形的名词。如： one Chinese， two Chinese … 而 The Chinese ＝ The people of China 要用复数谓语动词。

［误］ This dictionary is too expensive for me? Ten dollars are a big sum for me

［正］ This dictionary is too expensive for me? Ten dollars is a big sum for me

［析］ 表示一段时间，一笔金钱，一段距离，都应看作单数名词。

［误］ Who are going to take part in our football match?

［正］ Who is going to take part in our football match?

［析］ 用 who 提问时，习惯上用单数谓语动词，但 which 则要视其情况而定，如： which are better these shoeses or those shoes? 又如： which is better this one or that one?

［误］ What a hot weather it is!

［误］ How hot the weather it is!

［正］ What hot weather it is!

［正］ How hot the weather is!

［析］ 感叹句是用来表达说话人的喜怒哀乐的感情。它由 what 与 how 作句子的开始，判定是用 what 还是用 how 的最好办法是将它们换为陈述句，比如： What the hot weather it is! 应转换为： It is the hot weather? 那么句子的起点是单词 it。 再来看感叹句中 it 前有不可数名词 weather， 则只能用 what。 再看第二句 How hot the weather is! 转为陈述句时为： The weather is hot?这时句子的开始单词为 the weather， 再来看感叹句在 the weather 前只有形容词，所以应用 how。 至于是用 what a 还是 what 要看名词的具体情况而定，单数可数名词加 what a 其余的加用 what。

［误］ We have to sing this， have we?

［误］ We have to sing this， haven't we?

［正］ We have to sing this, don't we?

［析］ 在反意疑问句中除了标准的一些常规外，有一些例外：

Let's go home， shall we?

Let us go home， will you?

She had to leave， didn't she?

Do your homework at once， will you?

There is not much good news in today's newspaper， is there?

Neither of them are right， are they?

I think he will come to the party won't he?

think 后的宾语从句，与其他宾语从句不一样，在初中只有这样一个较特殊的词。这样的句子的反意疑问句的主语要用宾语从句中的主语，其助动词要用宾语从句的助动词，而肯定还是否定要看主句谓语动词而定，如： I don't think he is coming to our party， is he?

［误］ I want to know where does he live?

［正］ I want to know where he lives?

［析］ 宾语从句中一律要用陈述语序，而不用疑问语序。

［误］ - I haven't got a ticket for the football match?　

- Nor I have?

［正］ - I haven't got a ticket for the football match?　

- Nor (Neither) have I?

［析］ nor， neither 用在简答否定句中时要采用倒装语序。在肯定句的简答句中则要用so， 如： I do my homework very quickly， So does Mary?

［误］ Look! Here the bus comes!

［正］ Look! Here comes the bus!

［误］ Look! Here comes he!

［正］ Look! Here he comes?

［析］ 在 there， here 打头的句子中，如果主语是名词，则要采用倒装语序；如果是人称代词则用一般语序。

［误］ Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?　

No， I don't hope so?

［正］ Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?　

No， I hope not?

［析］ 我不这样想，可用 I don't think so? 但 hope 的否定简答句只能用 I hope not? 这是习惯用法。但这两个词的肯定简答句形是一样的，如： I think so. I hope so?

［误］ That is difficult for us to learn English well?

［正］ It is difficult for us to learn English well?

［析］ It 这里的语法作用是形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的不定式。形式主语和形式宾语都要用 it 而不能用 that， 如： I think it difficult to learn English well? it 在这句中是 think 的形式宾语。

(三) 例题解析

1? Mr Zhang asked me ＿＿＿ the words again.

　A. read

B. reads

C. to read

D. reading

［答案］ C.

［析］ ask somebody to do something 要求某人作某事。

2? You ＿＿＿ play on the road. It's dangerous.

　A. mustn't

B. may

C. can

D. must

［答案］ A.

［析］ must 用于否定句表示禁止做某事。

3? Mr Brown ＿＿＿ in Beijing since 1993.

　A. work

B. works

C. worked

D. has worked

［答案］ D.

［析］ 句中有since引导的时间状语，因此句中要用完成时态。

4? I ＿＿＿ a letter when my mother came in.

　A. write

B. am writing

C. was writing

D. will write

［答案］ C.

［析］ 当母亲进来时是一个瞬时的动作，而写信是一个长动作，所以写信这个动作应用过去进行时态，表示在写信过程中发生的另一个短动作。

5? It's not an important party, you needn't ＿＿＿ .

　A. pay for it

B. wear it out

C. try it out

D. dress up for it

［答案］ D. ［析］ pay for-为某物，某人付款，wear out-穿坏，磨破，tryout-选拔，挑选，而dress up-梳妆打扮。

6? Can I ＿＿＿ a bike from him?

　A. lend

B. return

C. give

D. borrow

［答案］ D.

［析］ borrow something from…为向某人某处借某物。而lend, return, give后面的介词应用to。

7? - Must I stay at home?

　- No, you ＿＿＿ .

　A. mustn't

B. needn't

C. may not

D. can not

［答案］ B.

［析］ needn't 为"没有必要必须做某事"，而mustn't为"禁止做"，can not为"不能做"。根据题意是：你不一定待在家里。

8? - How long have you ＿＿＿ here?

　- About two months.

　A. been

B. gone

C. come

D. arrived

［答案］ A.

［析］ have been here是个状态，可以与后面的长时间状语连接，而其他三个动词都是瞬间动词。

9? Stamps ＿＿＿ by people for sending letters.

　A. use

B. using

C. used

D. are used

［答案］ D.

［析］ 这里是被动语态，意为邮票被人们用来发信。

10? The radio says Tianjin will be ＿＿＿ tomorrow.

　A. rains

B. rain

C. rained

D. rainy

［答案］ D.

［析］ rainy为形容词作表语。

11? If you don't know this word, ＿＿＿ in the dictionary.

　A. look for it

B. look at it

C. look after it

D. look it up

［答案］ D.

［析］ look up 查字典，与look有关的词组有：

look about 四周环视

look after 照顾

look around 周围，四处看

look at 看

look back 回顾

look for 寻找

look forward to 期待

look out 当心

look like 看上去像

12? My father told me ＿＿＿ play on the street.

　A. not

B. to not

C. not to

D. did not

［答案］ C.

［析］ 不定式的否定式是not to do something.

13? There is going to ＿＿＿ an English party this evening.

　A. be

B. has

C. have

D. is

［答案］ A.

［析］ 这里是there be 无生命的"有"加助动词的句型，即there will be,而没有there have 的句型。

14? There ＿＿＿ no bus stop here last year.

　A. is

B. was

C. are

D. were

［答案］ B.

［析］ last year为去年，所以用过去时。而there be 句型的单复数要看be动词之后离之最近的名词是单数还是复数。如：There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.

15? Our school will hold a sports meeting if it ＿＿＿ tomorrow.

　A. isn't rain

B. rains

C. won't rain

D. doesn't rain

［答案］ D.

［析］ 在状语从句中应用一般时态来表示将来。

16? Bikes mustn't ＿＿＿ everywhere.

　A. be put

B. be putted

C. put

D. putting

［答案］ A.

［析］ 这里是被动语态。与put有关的词组如下：

put away 放好 put off 推迟 put on 穿上 put out 扑灭 put down 放下

17? Neither Li Lei nor Han Meimei ＿＿＿ Harbin.

　A. have been to

B. has been to

C. have gone to

D. has gone to

［答案］ B.

［析］ has been to 是去过某处。

18? It's cold today you'd better ＿＿＿ more coats.

　A. put on

B. take off

C. to put on

D. to take off

［答案］ A.

［析］ 'd better 其后加不带to的不定式，而put on 为"穿上"。

19? Henry ＿＿＿ a birthday card for Sam yesterday.

　A. has bought

B. buys

C. bought

D. will buy

［答案］ C.

［析］ 因句中的yesterday为表达过去的时间状语，所以应用过去时态。

20? When I got to the factory, the workers ＿＿＿ about the filim.

　A. are talking

B. talked

C. were talking

D. have talked

［答案］ C.

［析］ 状语从句中所用的动词为过去时，则主句中也要与之呼应。而工人们在谈论电影为一长时间的动作，所以要用过去进行时。

21? No hurry, please ＿＿＿ your time.

　A. take

B. bring

C. carry

D. catch

［答案］ A.

［析］ take one's time 慢慢来别着急。

22? I enjoy ＿＿＿ the light music.

　A. to listen to

B. listening to

C. hearing

D. to hear

［答案］ B.

［析］ enjoy 与 finish其后只能接动名词作宾语补足语。

23? Please ＿＿＿ as soon as you get there.

　A. ring me up

B. ring up me

C. wake me up

D. wake up me

［答案］ A.

［析］ ring up打电话，而wake up唤醒。英文中有很多动词词组如其宾语是代词时，一定要放在动词与介词之间。

24? When I ＿＿＿ , I want to be a teacher.

　A. grows up

B. grow up

C. shall grow

D. grew up

［答案］ B.

［析］ grow up 长大。而状语从句要用现在时表示将来，即使主句也用的是一般现在时，但它含有将来之意。

25? I called him and he ＿＿＿ to have a talk with me.

　A. stop

B. stops

C. stoped

D. stopped

［答案］ D.

［析］ 这是由and连接的两个并列句，所以时态应保持一致。

26? - Would you please ＿＿＿ me an evaser, Lucy?

　- Certainly. Here you are.

　A. borrow

B. lend

C. borrowed

D. lent

［答案］ B.

［析］ would you please其后接不带to的不定式即动词原形，而borrow为"借入"而lend为"借出"。

27? Trees ＿＿＿ in spring.

　A. plant

B. were planted

C. should be planted

D. should plant

［答案］ C.

［析］ should用于一般现在时态中表示应该，而此句又是被动语态。

28? - Where's your father?

　- He ＿＿＿ to Paris.

　A. go

B. goes

C. went

D. has gone

［答案］ D.

［析］ has gone 是已去某处了，不在这里了。所以强调过去的动作影响到现在。

29? - Must I finish my homework in class now?

　- No, you ＿＿＿ . You can do it at home.

　A. mustn't

B. may not

C. needn't

D. can

［答案］ C.

［析］ needn't表示没有必要一定要这样做。由must提问，肯定句用must，否定句用needn't.

30? Thank you very much for ＿＿＿ your book ＿＿＿ me.

　A. lending, to

B. lent, to

C. borrow, from

D. borrowing,from

［答案］ A.

［析］ for是介词，要用动名词作介词宾语。

31? The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from ＿＿＿ the earth away.

　A. blowing

B. blow

C. blows

D. to blow

［答案］ A.

［析］ stop…from doing something. 阻止某人或某物作某事。

32? The students will go to the West Hill Farm by bike, if it ＿＿＿ fine tomorrow.

　A. will be

B. is

C. shall be

D. was

［答案］ B.

33? Our teacher always tells us ＿＿＿ in the street. It's too dangerous.

　A. don't play

B. not to play

C. to play

D. not play

［答案］ B.

［析］ 不定式的否定式为not to do。

34? English is a useful language. It ＿＿＿ widely in the world.

　A. is spoken

B. was spoken

C. can speak

D. will speak

［答案］ A.

［析］ 本句为被动语态。

35? The kite is flying high in the sky. It ＿＿＿ a bird.

　A. looks at

B. looks like

C. looks for

D. looks after

［答案］ B.

［析］ look like 像……，其中like 为介词。

36? - Look! What's Wang Ping doing over there?

　- She ＿＿＿ under a big tree.

　A. sings

B. sang

C. has sung

D. is singing

［答案］ D.

37? You ＿＿＿ see a doctor. You've got a bad cold.

　A. will

B. are going to

C. had better

D. could

［答案］ C.

［析］ had better 最好，意为一种真心的劝告。

38? Your radio is too loud. Would you please ＿＿＿ ?

　A. turn down it

B. turn it down

C. to turn down it

D. to turn it down

［答案］ B.

［析］ would you please 后面加动词原形。

39? Could you tell me if it ＿＿＿ tomorrow?

　A. rains

B. is raining

C. will rain

D. rain

［答案］ C.

［析］ if从句是宾语从句，而不是状语从句。所以还是要用将来时，而不能用一般现在时表示将来。

40? Suddenly one of the bags ＿＿＿ the truck and landed in the middle of the road.

　A. fell out

B. fell down

C. fell off

D. will be

［答案］ C.

［析］ fall off 掉落，与off有关的词组有 see off 送行 give off 散发 shut off 关闭 kick off 踢掉 turn off 关闭 get off 下车 jump off 跳下 show of 炫耀 take off 脱下 pay off 付清

41? He ＿＿＿ at this school since two years ago.

　A. was

B. has been

C. is

D. will be

［答案］ B.

［析］ since引导的时间状语应与完成时相呼应。

42? She doesn't know ＿＿＿ .

　A. when to do

B. what to do

C. how to do

D. where to do

［答案］ B.

［析］ when, how, where均为疑问副词，而what为疑问代词，又因do是及物动词需要宾语。如用疑问副词时应为when to do it, how to do it, where to do it.

43? Must older people ＿＿＿ to politely.

　A. speak

B. spoken

C. be spoke

D. be spoken

［答案］ D.

［析］ 这句话的主动语态应为People must speak politely to older people?对年龄较大的人讲话应有礼貌。

44? Teachers usually ask their students ＿＿＿ loudly in class.

　A. to speak

B. speak

C. speaks

D. spoke

［答案］ A.

［析］ ask somebody to do something 要求某人作某事。

45? - Where is Mr Zhang?

　- Look! He ＿＿＿ on a big machine over there.

　A. works

B. worked

C. is working

D. has worked

［答案］ C.

［析］ 由look, liston等词开始的句子一般要用现在进行时态。

46? There's a football match. Please ＿＿＿ the TV at once. Let's watch together.

　A. turn on

B. take off

C. turn off

D. go on

［答案］ A.

［析］ turn on 打开。与turn有关的词组有： turn against 背叛 turn on 打开 turn +颜色 变为某种颜色 turn off 关闭 turn over 翻转 turn to 翻到某页 turn into 变为 turn up 向上翻

47? Please tell me where ＿＿＿ have our picnic tomorrow.

　A. we will

B. will we

C. will

D. will you

［答案］ A.

［析］ where 引导的从句是宾语从句，而不是状语从句。

48? We ＿＿＿ English for three years already. And we can speak a little English now.

　A. learn

B. have learned

C. has learned

D. will learn

［答案］ B.

［析］ for+表示一段长度的时间词，应与完成时相呼应。

49? At last, Lin Feng made the baby ＿＿＿ and begin to laugh.

　A. stop to cry

B. stop crying

C. to stop to cry

D. to stop crying

［答案］ B.

［析］ make somebody do (or doing) something, stop doing 意为停止做某事。

50? Our classroom must ＿＿＿ clean every day.

　A. keep

B. to keep

C. be kept

D. to be kept

［答案］ C.

［析］ 应为被动语态。

51? I hear there ＿＿＿ a sports meeting in our school next week.　

A. is going to have

B. will have　

C. is going to be

D. are going to be

［答案］ C.

［析］ 这是hear 的宾语从句是there be 句型。而且是用了be going to形式。

52? It's getting colder, Peter. You'd better ＿＿＿ this coat with you.

　A. bring

B. carry

C. take

D. get

［答案］ C.

［析］ bring 带来，take 带走。

53? Our classroom is clean and tidy.　It ＿＿＿ every day.

　A. cleans

B. is cleaning

C. cleaned

D. is cleaned

［答案］ D.

［析］ 这里表达的是经常的一种状态，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。

54? If you are not careful in the street, a car may ＿＿＿ you.

　A. hurt

B. hit

C. run

D. catch

［答案］ B.

［析］ hit撞上，碰上，击中

55? The farmers were busy ＿＿＿ ready for the next year.

　A. got

B. getting

C. to get

D. get

［答案］ B.

［析］ be busy后应用动词的ing形式。

第二篇 句法

(二) 正误辨析

［误］ She laid down and soon fell asleep.

［正］ She lay down and soon fell asleep.

［析］ 考试中常出现的是易混动词lay放，lie躺，lie说谎。它们的过去时、过去分词和现在分词变化如下：

lay (放) laid， laid， laying (及物动词)

lie (躺) lay， lain， lying (不及物动词)

lie (说谎) lied， lied， lying

［误］ Please rise your hand.

［正］ Please raise your hand.

［析］ rise 是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，如：The sun rises in the east.而raise是及物动词。

［误］ I like to swim very much, but I don't like swimming this afternoon.

［正］ I like swimming very much, but I don't like to swim this afternoon.

［析］ like作为"喜欢"讲时，可以接动名词也可以接不定式，但接动名词时多表达一种习惯性动作。而接不定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性的动作。 但要注意的是like 与would连用时则一定要接不定式，如：Would you like to go with me? 再有一点要注意的是，like作为介词"像"讲时，只能用分词作其宾语。

［误］ Stop! Did you listen to a strange voice?

［正］ Stop! Did you hear a strange voice?

［析］ hear的侧重点是听到、听见什么，而listen to 的侧重点为听的倾向，如：listen! Do you hear someone calling help?这样的词还有look与see。它们的侧重点也不同，look重于"看"的倾向，而see重于看见没看见。

［误］ Did you watch some film recently?

［正］ Did you see some film recently?

［析］ 英语中see 与 watch 各有不同的用处，see用于看电影、剧目，而watch用作看电视和看球赛。

［误］ Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling.

［正］ Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling.

［析］ hang有两个含义，① "挂"，它的过去时与过去分词是hung， hung;② "绞刑"，这时它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词则为hanged， hanged。

［误］ How long can I borrow this book?

［正］ How long can I keep this book?

［析］ "借"在英文中有三个词，① 借入，即borrow,如：May I borrow some books from the library?② 借出，如：I can lend my bike to you.③ 借多久要用keep, 因为borrow与lend都是截止性动词，而keep是延续性动词。如 How long can I keep it?

［误］ We have won your class.

［正］ We have beaten your class.

［析］ win是及物动词，其后面的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金。而beat的宾语，应是人、队、班级等等，如：We won the game.

［误］ I left my key.

［正］ I forgot my key.

［正］ I left my key at home.

［析］ leave是"丢下"，其后一定要接地点状语，而forget其后不要接地点状语。

［误］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you.

［正］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please take this rain coat with you.

［析］ bring为"带来"如：Next time bring your little sister here.而take为"带走"，fetch为"去某处取什么回来"，如：Please fetch some coffee for us? 要熟记的是在初中课文中与take有关的词组，如： take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 取下take off 脱下 take…out 拿出 take place 发生 take hold of 拿住 take part in 参加 take a seat 坐下take one's place 替代 take a look 看看 take one's turn 轮流 take a message 捎信 take care of 照看 take it easy 别着急take one's time 慢慢来 take one's temperature 测量体温

［误］ The policeman reached his gun.

［正］ The policeman reached for his gun.

［析］ reach作"到达"讲时是及物动词，如：I reached the hotel at 8∶30?但作"伸手去拿"，则要用reach for something。作为"到达"讲时还有arrive (in+大地方)(at+较小的地方)和get to.要注意的是与get有关的词组有： get back 回来 get in 收割 get into 进入 get off 下车 get on 上车 get out 出去 get up 起床 get to 到达 get ready for=be ready for get on well with 与人相处融洽 get 加比较级为变得如何，例如： get colder and colder.

［误］ This dictionary spent me five dollars.

［正］ This dictionary cost me five dollars.

［析］ 英文中的"花费"有4个spend, cost, take 和 pay,其中spend 与pay所在句中的主语应为人，如：I spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid five dallars for the book.而cost与take的主语则是事物，如：It takes me two years to finish this book.

［误］ In summer I always sleep with the windows opened.

［正］ In summer I always sleep with the windows open.

［正］ I always sleep with the windows closed.

［析］ 要注意open是动词也是形容词，而close则要用其过去分词作形容词。

［误］ Please wait a minute. I'm having on my clothes.

［正］ Please wait a minute. I'm putting on my clothes.

［析］ 英语中的穿衣服要分状态，是什么样的穿着打扮，还是穿衣服的动作两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有have on, wear,在用法上have on不宜用进行时态，它多用一般时态，如：She has on a new school dress. 而wear则多用进行时来表示状态，如：She is wearing a new sweater.在表示动作的词中put on是常用的一词。dress用作动词当"穿衣"讲时其后宾语不应接衣物，而要接人，如：My children were very young they couldn't dress themselves.在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容词，如：He is dressed in white.

［误］ My computer can't begin. Could you find someone to help me?

［正］ My computer can't start. Could you find someone to help me?

［析］ begin与start均可指"开始"，而且常常可以互换，如：School begins (starts) at 8 a. m. 但是在两种情况下不宜用begin 而要用start, ① 当作机器开动、发动讲，如：My car can't start. There must be something wrong with it.② 作为"旅途开始"讲，如：We should have to start early. There was a lot of traffic on the road.

［误］ I'm very glad because I have founded my lost key.

［正］ I'm very glad because I have found my lost key.

［析］ find是不规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是found, found，而found又是另外一词"建立"，它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词是founded founded, 如：The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.

［误］ Please. Let's speak in English.

［正］ Please. Let's speak English.

［正］ Please. Let's talk in English.

［误］ Can you speak it English?

［正］ Can you say it in English?

［析］ 英文中"说"有4个常用词say, tell, speak, talk.其中不及物动词有speak和talk，如：I want to talk with you.We are talking about the new film.而speak其后接语言时是及物动词，其他情况是不及物动词。say 与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用双宾语，如：Tell us a story.但用于讲实话或谎话时也用单宾语。如： Tell the truth.

［误］ Can you say Japanese from Chinese?

［正］ Can you tell Japanese from Chinese?

［析］ tell…from为固定词组，即分辨两者的不同。

［误］ Excuse me, did I step on your foot?

［正］ Oh, sorry, did I step on your foot?

［析］ excuse me用于未打扰对方前，以提醒对方注意的用语，而sorry则是由于自己已做的事向对方道歉。

［误］ Would you care for to swim with us?

［正］ Would you care to swim with us?

［析］ care for 后接不定式时，要省略for,或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea. care for 作"照顾"讲时与look after相同。在初中阶段学习与for有关的词组有：

ask for 请求 call for 接人，请人 care for 关心

go in for 从事 answer for 负责 look for 寻找

wait for 等待 send for 请人 pay for 付款

search for 寻找 leave for 去某地 prepare for 准备

thank somebody for something 为某事向某人道谢。

［误］ Are you understanding it? Yes, I got to it.

［正］ Do you understand it? Yes, I got it.

［析］ understand这一词没有进行时态，如同感观动词love、hate… I got it 是美语，即I understood it。要记住get 作为"到达"讲时是不及物动词，如：I'll get to the school at 8 a. m. 初中范围常用与to有关的动词词组如下： belong to 属于 come to 苏醒 point to (at) 指着get to 到达 refer to 谈到 stick to 坚持lead to 导致 turn to 翻到 look forward to 期望agree to 同意

［误］ The meat has gone badly.

［正］ The meat has gone bad.

［析］ 英语中go, get, become, turn作为转变时，其后接形容词，这时这些动词应被看作系动词。

［误］ The teacher said the earth moved around the sun.

［正］ The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.

［析］ 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，其宾语从句可以是任何时态。如果是过去时，则宾语从句中的时态应与之呼应。但地球围绕太阳转是不随时间而变化的客观事实，所以还应用一般现在时态来表达。

［误］ I'll come to see you as soon as I'll be back.

［正］ I'll come to see you as soon as I am back.

［析］ 在状语从句中要用一般时来表示将来，如：I should tell him when he came back.

［误］ I want to know whether you come to my party tomorrow or not.

［正］ I want to know whether you will come to my party tomorrow or not.

［析］ 在宾语从句中则要用将来时表示将来的动作。要注意的是如果宾语从句中仍有状语从句时，依然要用一般现在时表示将来，如：I want to know if it rains tomorrow you'll come here or not.

［误］ What did you do at eight last night?

［正］ What were you doing at eight last night?

［析］ 在描述过去某一具体时刻的动作或从某时到某时一段时间内正在进行的动作要用过去进行时，如：I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday?

［误］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them, because I have seen it before.

［正］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them because I had seen it before.

［析］ 现在完成时与过去完成时的相同之处是其动作均开始于过去的某一点，它的差别在于该动作是截止到什么时候。如动作截止到现在用现在完成时；如动作截止到过去，用过去完成时。例如：I've learnt English for three years.(到现在为止)又如：Before I went to college, I had learnt English for three years. (动作截止到上大学那时，即截止于过去)

［误］ I'm feeling well now.

［正］ I feel well now.

［析］ 瞬间动词有些无进行时态，它们是：表示思维状态的词：believe, feel, forget, imagine, know, mean, need, prefer, remember, understand, want 表示感情的动词：care, like, do like, love, mind, hate, fear 表示状态的词：belong, own 感观动词： feel, hear, see， smell, taste

［误］ When have you done this work?

［正］ When did you do this work?

［析］ when提问的是一个时间点不可用于完成时态的问句中。

［误］ This is our new English teacher. He has gone to many foreign countries.

［正］ This is our new English teacher. He has been to many foreign countries.

［析］ have gone to 是到某地去了，此人现在不在这里。have been to 是到过某地，现在此人在说话现场。

［误］ I have borrowed this book for two weeks.

［正］ I have kept this book for two weeks.

［析］ 截止性动词有完成时态，但不可和与表达一段时间的时间状语连用。如：When I got to the cinema the film had begun. 但要讲When I got to the cinema the film had be on for five minutes 这样的用法还有buy, join, die, 如：I bought this book yesterday.我昨天买的这本书。 I have had this book for two days. 这本书我已买了两天了。

I joined the club two years ago.两年前我加入了这个俱乐部。

I have been in this club for two years. 我加入这个俱乐部已两年了。

My father died five years ago. 我父亲是5年前去世的。

My father has been dead for five years. 我父亲已去世5年了。

［误］ Have you understood the lessons?

［正］ Do you understand the lessons?

［析］ 有些动词不易用完成时态，它们是understand, think, believe, know (知道)

［误］ It was said that the Second World War had broken out in 1939.

［误］ It was said that the Second World War was broken out in 1939.

［析］ 在讲述过去的历史事件时，总要用过去时而不要用完成时，而且happen, break out, take place作为发生讲时均没有被动语态。

［误］ When I walked along the street. I happened to meet an old friend.

［正］ When I was walking along the street I happened to meet an old friend.

［析］ 在一个长动作发生或进行的过程中，某一突然事件发生，这时长动作应用进行时(现在进行时或过去进行时)，而突发性动作用一般时(一般现在时或一般过去时)，如：When my father is reading a newspaper the telephone rings.

［误］ Please buy a book for me.

［正］ Please buy me a book.

［正］ Please buy a book to me.

［析］ 在接双宾语的动词后面的两个宾语，一个是直接宾语，一个是间接宾语，如：Buy me a book中me是间接宾语，而a book是直接宾语。如果将直接宾语前置，其后应加to，如： Tell me a story. Tell a story to me. Give me a book. Give a book to me.

［误］ He was seen come into the book store.

［正］ He was seen to come into the book store.

［析］ 在主动语态中，有时可以加不带to的不定式作宾语，如：I saw him come into the book store.但如果变为被动语态时，则要将省略的to还原。当然这些动词还可以加动名词作宾语，如： I saw him coming into the book store, 如变为被动语态时，则没有变化。如：He was seen coming into the book store.

［误］ How nice the book is! Is it sold well?

［正］ How nice the book is! Does it sell well?

［析］ 有些动词可以表示一种动作，但也可以用来表示某种性质，表示动作时可用被动语态，在表示性质时则不可用被动语态。如：

This book sells well. 这本书畅销。

This car drives easily. 这车容易驾驶。

These clothes wash easily. 这些衣服好洗。

在作上述表达时，不要用被动语态。而要讲：

This kind of book was sold out. (这种书卖完了)

These clothes were washed by the washing machine. 这时要用被动语态，因为它描述的是具体动作。

［误］ Must I do it now?　

No. you mustn't.

［正］ Must I do it now?　 No, you needn't.

［析］ need用在疑问句和否定句中常用作情态动词，其后接不带to的不定式。由must提问的问句作答语时，如是肯定的要用must,否定的要用needn't，即为没有必要。在肯定句中常用作实意动词，如：I need to wait for my boy.

［误］ Is this book yours?

　 Yes, It's.

［正］ Is this book yours?　

Yes, It is.

［析］ 在肯定的回答中不要用缩写形式，而在否定的回答中可以用缩写形式，如：No. It isn't.

［误］ I'll have my bike repair tomorrow.

［正］ I'll have my bike repaired tomorrow.

［析］ have+人+动词原形或现在分词意为：让某人作某事，如：My father had me to learn how to drive， 或My father had me doing my homework from morning till might? have+物+动词的过去分词为某件事被别人完成。如：I have my hair cut.我去理发。而不是自己理发。如果讲我想自己作某事，则用I want to repair my bike myself.

［误］ I'll get my brother repair the bike for you.

［正］ I'll get my brother to repair the bike for you.

［析］ have与get的用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。相同之处，如：have something done, 也可用get something done, 或have (get) somebody doing something但不同之处在于have somebody do something 在用get时则要用get somebody to do something。

［误］ I have to study on Saturday but I haven't to study a full day?

［正］ I have to study on Saturday， but I don't have to study a full day.

［析］ have to 不得不，而don't have to 为其否定式。

［误］ Is Tom in the classroom? No. He mustn't be in the classroom, because I saw him talking with our teacher in the office just now.

［正］ Is Tom in the classroom? No. He can't be in the classroom because I saw him talking with our teacher in the office just now.

［析］ must 加动词原形表达一种比较肯定的推测，而表示否定的推测则要用can't。

［误］ My grandpa is over eighty but he is able to read without glasses.

［正］ My grandpa is over eighty， but he can read without glasses.

［析］ can (could) 多用于表达客观的事实，主观能力，而be able to 则多用于表达主观的意愿。

［误］ She doesn't answer the doorbell.　 She should be asleep.

［正］ She doesn't answer the doorbell. 　 She must be asleep?

［析］ should 用于现在时态的句子中应译为"应该"，如：You should do your homework right away. 而 must加动词原形表示一种推测。

［误］ Do you like to go with us?

［正］ Would you like to go with us?

［析］ Do you like…问的是习惯，如：Do you like swimming? 而would you like是一次性的邀请。

［误］ I am used to get up early in the morning.

［正］ I am used to getting up early in the morning.

［析］ used to 共有三种用法，① 表示过去的习惯，如：I used to live with my parents. ?② 表示?过去的习惯延续到现在，如：I am used to swimming in the river. ③ 用于被动语态，如：　?Oil is? used to cook?

［误］ To play with the children are very interesting.

［正］ To play with the children is very interesting.

［析］ 不定式作主语时，应视为单数主语，特别是两个不定式用and作连词作主语时，如指的是一件事也应用单数谓语动词。如：To get up early and to go to sleep early is good for your health.

［误］ He asked me do my homework alone.

［正］ He asked me to do my homework alone.

［析］ 某些动词要求不定式作其宾语或宾语补足语，它们是：ask somebody to do something 要求某人做某事。 tell somebody to do something 告诉某人做某事 还有prepare 准备， decide 决定， happen to 碰巧， seem 似乎。

［误］ he told me to drive a car.

［正］ He told me how to drive a car.

［析］ 要学会疑问词加不定式的用法，特别要注意的是what是疑问代词，而how是疑问副词。如：I want to know what to do. (我想知道干什么)。 I want to know how to do it. (我想知道如何去作)。 要注意的是how to do it 中的it是不可少的，因how是疑问副词，不能作及物动词的宾语，而what是疑问代词，可做do的宾语，所以what to do 后不要加it。

［误］ I am very glad meeting you.

［正］ I am very glad to meet you.

［析］ 许多形容词后加不定式，这样用时形容词多是用来描述人物的感情、态度，如：glad, happy, pleased, lucky, sorry, sad, upset, ready, careful, surprised。

［误］ I'm too glad for seeing you.

［正］ I'm too glad to see you.

［析］ 这句话不能按照too…to的句型翻译为：我太高兴了以至于不想见你。而应译为：见到你太高兴了。又如：She is too honest to tell the truth? 应译为：她很诚实，不会不讲实话。

［误］ Tom is too young not to join the army.

［正］ Tom is too young to join the army.

［析］ 这是too…to的正常用法，太如何如何以至于不能如何。

［误］ I went to the hospital for seeing my old friend. He was ill in hospital.

［正］ I went to the hospital to see my old friend. He was ill in hospital.

［析］ 在句中表示某动作的目的时，要用不定式而不能用for加动名词。

［误］ Could you help me to find a chair to sit.

［正］ Could you help me to find a chair to sit on.

［析］ 当不定式作后置定语时，将不定式放于名词之后。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则其后面的介词不要省略。如：I sat on the chair. 这样的用法还有：I want to find a room to live in. I want to find a pen to write with.

［误］ When mother was about leaving the baby cried suddenly.

［正］ When mother was about to leave the baby cried suddenly.

［析］ be about to 是表达较近的即将发生的动作，可用来表示将来时，或按计划、安排的事。

［误］ This work is difficult to be done.

［正］ This work is difficult to do.

［析］ 在不定式作宾语时，下列情况常用主动语态表示被动。① 句子的主语即是不定式动作的执行者，如：I have a lot of letters to write. ② 句中的宾语是不定式中动作的执行者，如：Could you find me a job to do? ③ 在形容词之后的不定式，如：English is difficult to learn.

［误］ Would you like to see a film with us?　 Yes, I'd love.

［正］ Would you like to see a film with us?　 Yes, I'd love to.

［析］ 在口语简答语中要将不定式符号保留，如： I had to (不得不作) I'm going to (打算作) I used to (过去习惯作) I'd love to (喜欢作) I hope to (希望作某事) I'll be glad to (高兴作)

［误］ Did you see someone to do this work for me?

［正］ Did you see someone do this work for me?

［析］ 在感观动词之后常接不带to的不定式。这些词是see, look at, watch, hear, listen to, feel, notice。

［误］ He was seen prepare this car.

［正］ He was seen to prepare this car.

［析］ 在被动语态中要将主动语态句中省去的不定式还原回来。

［误］ Please? Let my child to try it again.

［正］ Please? Let my child try it again.

［析］ 在make, have, let后加不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。

［误］ Why not to do it again?

［正］ Why not do it again?

［析］ Why not, you'd better 后接不带to的不定式，如：You'd better go.但要注意的是它的否定式是You'd better not go.

［误］ When he heard the news he couldn't help to cry.

［正］ When he heard the news he couldn't help crying.

［析］ can't help+现在分词表示情不自禁作某事。

［误］ In autumn, the street is always covered with falling leaves.

［正］ In autumn, the street is always covered with fallen leaves.

［析］ 现在分词作定语有正在的含义，如：falling leave 正下落的叶子。而过去分词作定语fallen leaves是落地的叶子。过去分词含有已经完成的意思。

［误］ Do you hear someone sing in the office?

［正］ Do you hear someone singing in the office?

［析］ 感观动词可用不带to的不定式来作宾语补足语，表达一个动作的全过程或已结束的动作，而用现在分词表示一个正在进行中的动作。

［误］ I want to shop some food for supper.

［正］ I want to buy some food for supper.

［正］ I want to go shopping.

［析］ shop作买东西讲时，要用go shopping,其后不要加所购买的东西。这样的用法还有： go boating 划船 go sailing 航海 go skating 滑冰go shooting 射击 go dancing 去跳舞 go fishing 钓鱼go swimming 去游泳…… 不要用错，也不要改为其他式，因为这是习惯用法。

［误］ When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped to talk.

［正］ When the teacher came into the classroom. the students stopped talking.

［析］ stop to do something 是停下来去做某事，而stop doing something 则是停止做某事。

［误］ I didn't remember closing the door, so the thief came into the room directly.

［正］ I didn't remember to close the door, so the thief came into the room directly.

［析］ remember后接不定式是记着去做某事，即该动作并没有完成。而remember 后接动名词则表明该动作已经作完了。如： Do remember to turn off the light, before you leave. 即在你离开前记着去关灯。而关灯的动作并没有做。I remember meeting you somewhere. 我记得在某处见过你。而相见一事已经作完了。相同用法还有forget。

［误］ When I finished to do this work I would go to play football.

［正］ When I finished doing this work I would go to play football.

［析］ 在英语中有些动词后要接动名词作宾语。在初中范围主要有两个动词finish和enjoy, 千万不要与like相比。因为like作动词"喜欢"用时，其后接动名词表示习惯性动作，接不定式表示一次性特殊的动作，而would you like后面则一定要用不定式。

［误］ When he finished his homework, he went on playing the football.

［正］ When he finished his homework, he went on to play football.

［析］ go on to do something 是做完一件事紧跟着做另一件事。而go on doing something 是在做一件事的过程中被打断后接着再继续做这件事。

［误］ He's busy to prepare his lessons.

［正］ He's busy preparing his lessons.

［析］ be busy 后加doing 而不能接不定式。