Text1

(Wind noises) 录音时注意此处请加上有风吹的背景

W: Oh, God! I thought it was supposed to get warmer today.

M: I thought so, too. That’s what the weatherman said.

W: It must be the wind that makes it so cold. I’m freezing!

Text2

W: Is this where I catch the bus for the zoo？

M: You can take a T-30 from here, but then you have to walk six blocks.

W: That’s bad. I’m too tired. Maybe I should take a taxi.

Text3

M: One step left. Good! Look at the building and point to it. Great! Lift your head a bit, Fantastic!

W: Is it done?

M: Yes, perfectly! Wait for one minute and you’ll see the picture!

Text4

M: How was the job interview? I think you’ll make a good journalist. I remember you as the best writer in the class.

W: Well, in fact, my application was turned down. They were looking for people with experience in the profession.

Text5

W: Can you say something on the matter? You are the only person who knows what really happened.

M: That’s not quite true. Stan Bailey was there, too.

W: Oh. Was he?

M: Well, actually, he wasn’t there all the time, but still I think he can give something valuable in sight.

Text6

M: Where are you from?

W: The United States. I live in New York.

M: Oh, really? I think it’s a big city with a large population, right? By the way, do you like it?

W: Yeah. I think it’s the only place to live.

M: Why do you say that?

W: You see, there’s always something exciting to do, and it’s never boring.

M: My place isn’t boring, either, You can fish, hike, grow some flowers and vegetables – all kinds of things, if you like, though it’s small and quiet.

W: I guess so, especially here in New Zealand.

Text7

M: Are you quite independent of your parents now?

W: Yes, as soon as I left school and started my study as a nurse, I stopped asking my parent for money since I got financial support from the government, but I still stay with them a lot.

M: You seem very close to your parents?

W: I am. They never force me to do anything I didn’t want to do. What about you?

M: Well, I am also fond of my family, but I don’t always get on very well with them, they try to control me too much.

W: But they allow you to come to study in England on your own.

M: Yes, but only after a lot of persuasion. Your parents treat you as an adult, mine treat me as a child.

Text8

W: I saw you on the news last night, Jack. So tell us what happened?

M: Well, I was walking alone on the beach when I heard someone calling out for help. I looked up, and saw a little boy up on the cliff, stuck there.

W: What did you do then?

M: Well, my first thought was to run and get help, but the boy was crying, looking as if he would fall off the cliff at any moment. So I climbed up to get him down. The rocks were very loose. You know, and I even slipped a couple of times.

W: Sounds scary. What happened next?

M: I reached the boy but couldn’t get him down. We were both stuck.

W: So what did you do?

M: Well, I called for help. Pretty soon there was a small crowd on the beach but no one knew what to do. And then someone called the Coast Rescue Service.

W: Wow! That was really adventurous.

Text9

W: You’re so involved. What are you reading?

M: You know Snoopy? That lovely dog always tells us the truth of life in his simple words.

W: I like the Snoopy series, too. I thought you wouldn’t like cartoons. Don’t you feel them too childish?

M: Not at all. Cartoons are fun not only for kids, but also for adults.

W: I quite agree. We adults need simple and interesting things in our stressful lives.

M: I like cartoon movies, too. Many of them are great works.

W: Me too! What’s your favourite one?

M: Ice Age. It’s fantastic!

W: Tell me something about the movie. I’ve heard about it, but I’ve never seen it.

M: Oh, really? It’s a rather old movie, coming out around 2003. It’s so classical that you shouldn’t have missed it. It’s a story about what happens to a group of animals at the end of the Ice Age. The pictures are beautiful, and the whole movie is very imaginative.

W: Are there just animals? No humans?

M: There are only a few humans. Not as hateful as they are in other cartoon movies.

W: Oh, I cannot wait to see it.

M: I have a DVD of this film. I’ll bring it to you tomorrow.

W: Thank you very much!

Text10

Twin sisters are supposed to be very much alike, are they not? Well, my twin sister Jane and I do look alike. However, we are different in many ways. I care little about clothes. T-shirts and blue jeans are my favorite clothes. My sister often dresses like a model. We have very similar characters in most ways. I don’t get angry and enjoy being with friends. In this respect, my twin sister feels the same. But she likes loud music and modern dances while I find that night clubs give me a headache. She is always with friends, is the favorite of our teachers and never wants to have children. I prefer to be alone at times, don’t really try to please my teachers and want to some day to have a family of my own. We have tried to live in the same room several times and even agreed on the color we like best and the kind of furniture we want. But I like to keep things neat and orderly while my twin sister acts as if there were a servant around to pick up all the things that get thrown on the floor. I like to go to bed early and get up early. She often goes to bed very late and then sleeps late next day.

51. (12分)下图是用农作物①和②两个品种分别培育出④、⑤、⑦ 三个品种的过程，A、a、B、b、D为基因，且A、a和B、b位于非同源染色体上。(每空2分)

(1)Ⅱ、Ⅵ过程的原理依次是__________________________、　　　　　　　　　　 。

(2)Ⅲ过程使用了____________________技术，该育种方式可以　　　　　　　 (填“定向”或“不定向”)改变生物的遗传性状。

(3)Ⅵ过程利用秋水仙素抑制细胞分裂过程中_________的形成，最终使染色体数加倍。

(4)Ⅳ→Ⅴ过程培育新品种能明显缩短育种年限的原因是___________________________

_______________________________________________。

50．(9分)

1997年，科学家将动物体内的能够合成胰岛素的基因与大肠杆菌的DNA分子重组，并且在大肠杆菌中表达成功。如上图，请据图回答问题。

(1)此图表示的是采取______________方法获取__________________________基因的过程。 (2)图中①DNA是以____________为模板，_____________形成单链DNA，在酶的作用下合成双链DNA，从而获得了所需要的____________________________。 (3)图中②代表的是_________________酶，在它的作用下将质粒切出_______________末端。 (4)图中③代表重组DNA，含_______________基因。 (5)图中④表示的过程是______________________________________。

49.(12分)下图为人体内的浆细胞结构图。请据图回答：

(1)该细胞是由B细胞经抗原刺激增殖、分化形成的浆细胞，由该细胞参与的特异性免疫称为_____________免疫。多数情况下，抗原与该细胞产生的__________(物质)结合后会发生进一步变化，如形成细胞集团或沉淀，进而被吞噬细胞吞噬消化，这种物质的产生需要细胞器　　　　　　　 (填图中标号)的参与。

(2)抗原初次侵入机体，大多数抗原需经_____　 _____处理，抗原经__________呈递给__________细胞，少数抗原直接刺激__________细胞。

(3)抗原初次侵入机体时，该细胞由__________增殖、分化产生；当同一种抗原再次侵入机体时，该细胞主要由__________增殖、分化产生；抗原第二次侵入机体时，该细胞的产生速度和量比初次侵入时__________。

(4)该细胞产生的免疫活性物质对寄生在寄主细胞内的抗原不能发挥免疫作用。消灭该类病原体需经　　　　　　 免疫，即_____　 _____与被抗原入侵的寄主细胞密切接触，使这些细胞裂解死亡，病原体失去寄生的基础，因而被吞噬消灭。

48.(8分)2009 年初，我国北方大旱。在生物兴趣小组聚会上，同学们谈论到了干旱与农作物的问题，请分析回答：

(1)农作物在缺水初期叶片气孔会自动关闭，以减小水分散失，但也会抑制自身光合作用的_______反应，造成光合作用减弱。同时还会抑制植物自身对N、P等矿质元素的运输，进而影响叶片合成与光合作用有关的化合物，例如______________________。

(2)在干旱地区，用银灰色的塑料薄膜覆盖土地，可以有效减少土壤水分的蒸发。而且，由于塑料薄膜的反光效应可增强植株下、中部叶片光合作用的________反应，从而提高产量。

(3)人们发现一些抗旱植物的原产地主要分布在干旱地区。从生物进化角度看，抗旱类型的形成是__________________的结果。

(4)抗旱植物具有适应干旱环境的一系列生理特点。例如根系发达，并且根毛细胞液泡中贮存的氨基酸、糖类等代谢产物的浓度__________________。在叶片形态结构上也有适应干旱的特点。下表4种植物叶片中，最适应干旱环境的是　　　　　　

(5)据悉，我国科学家正在积极寻找荒漠植物甘草的一系列抗旱基因。通过生物工程技术培育出多种抗旱农作物已为期不远，这也体现了生物多样性的_________________使用价值。

(6)科学家在研究过程中又发现大气中二氧化碳的浓度，在陆生植物繁茂的北半球中纬度地区冬季高于夏季，呈现明显的季节变化。这是因为　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　。

47．(9分)下图甲表示反射弧中三个神经元及其联系，其中­­-○-<表示从树突到胞体，再到轴突及末梢(即一个完整的神经元模式)；图乙表示突触的亚显微结构模式图。联系图解回答下列问题：

(1)图甲中，若①代表小腿上的感受器，则⑤(代表神经末梢及其支配的腿上肌肉)称为　　　 　　　　　　，③称为　　　　　　　　　 。

(2)图甲中刺激d点，则除d点外图中发生兴奋的点还有　　 　　　(用字母表示)。因为神经元之间兴奋地传递只能是　　　　　　　 方向的。

(3)甲图中总共有　　　　 个突触。

(4)图乙中二氧化碳浓度最高处在［　　 ］　　　　　　 　　中。

(5)手术过程中，使用某种局部麻醉剂，能使乙图中［　　 ］中释放的　　　 　　　　发生变化，从而暂时失去兴奋传导功能。

46．Ⅰ、(7分) 肝脏在人体健康中起着非常重要的作用，是人体内的一个巨大的“化工厂”。我国是乙肝的高发区，据统计我国乙肝病毒携带者约为1.2亿，感染率高达60%。请回答：

(1)肝脏里有一种数量较多的枯否氏细胞，它既是肝脏的“卫士”，也是全身的“保护神”，

它能吞噬、消化病原微生物，这种免疫方式叫做　　　　　　　　　 免疫。

(2)若右图为肝脏的局部结构模式图：

①　　 正常情况下，血管B端与A端的液体相比，浓度增加的物质

是　　　　　　　　　　　 等；当某人患肝炎时，血液中明显增加的酶是　　　　　　　　　 ；

②健康人饭后半小时肝组织内葡萄糖移动的方向主要体现为　　　　　　 (用图中数字表示)。

(3)若上图为人体细胞与内环境之间的物质交换示意图，则　　　　　 (填字母)三处的液体可代表内环境的构成；“胖头娃娃”奶粉是由于其蛋白质含量几乎为零，长期食用后将直接导致上图中　　　　　 (填字母)处液体的浓度下降，使　　　　　　　 (用图中数字表示)回流速度减慢，从而出现组织水肿等现象。

Ⅱ、(3分)某动物育种人员饲养了一定数量的A动物，为了研究毛色为白色与黑色的显隐性关系，该饲养员设计了如下实验，并记录了如下实验数据：

某植物育种人员种植了一批中国本地的豌豆品种，为了研究该豌豆种子黄色和绿色的显隐性，该育种人员设计了如下实验，并记录了如下实验数据：

根据上述实验结果，你对该动物的毛色显性和隐性判断是__________________ ，根据该育种人员的豌豆育种实验结果，你认为豌豆种子颜色显隐性关系是______________；植物育种学家在研究生物的遗传规律方面比动物育种学家更容易的关键因素是　　　　　　　　　 。

45. 分析某大肠杆菌细胞分子组成，不能得到的结论是：

A. DNA是遗传物质　　　　　　　　　　　 B. 一个DNA分子上有很多个基因　

C. 蛋白质是生命活动的主要体现者　　　　 D. 每一种糖类平均能形成10种中间产物

第II卷(填空题　 共60分)

44．经人类染色体组型分析发现，有2%-4%的精神病患者的性染色体组成为XYY。诸多案例显示XYY综合症患者有反社会行为和暴力倾向，有人称多出的Y染色体为“犯罪染色体”。下列关于XYY综合症的叙述正确的是　 　　　

A．患者为男性，可能是由母方减数第一次分裂异常所致

B．患者为女性，可能是由母方减数第二次分裂异常所致

C．患者为男性，可能是由父方减数第二次分裂异常所致

D．患者为女性，可能是由父方减数第二次分裂异常所致

43. 根据下图，下列关于神经细胞叙述错误的是

A．上图可表示突触小泡等各种膜结构

B．静息电位的形成可能与膜上的b物质有关

C．假设这是突触后膜，则突触间隙位于图示膜的上部

D．将神经细胞膜的磷脂层平展在水面上，c与水面接触