2. Read the five points in this part to learn about different ways to form question tags.
1. Read the guidelines at the beginning of this part to discover in what situations question tags are used.
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Question
tags are often used ♦to start a conversation. For example, we may begin a conversation with ‘It’s a lovely day, isn’t it?’ ♦to request information in a more polite way. e.g. Neither of you has heard the news, have you? ♦to soften an order or a request. e.g. Pass the plate on the table to me, will you? ♦to ask for agreement or confirmation. When we expect the other person to agree with what we are saying, we use a falling intonation at the end of the sentence. When we ask about something we are not sure about, we use a rising intonation at the end of the sentence. Take ‘You’re a high school student, aren’t you?’ for example. If we use a falling tone at the end of the sentence, we are sure about what we are saying. If we use a rising tone, we are not sure and want to know whether you’re a high school student or not. |
7. Finish Part C1 on page 96 in Workbook, so you may have a chance to distinguish between the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clauses.
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Answers: *If you take a walk around the city, you will find some teenagers who are overweight. *You might often see overweight boys and girls, which means that young people’s weight has become a big problem. *I think there are two main reasons why so many boys and girls are overweight. *Some teenagers, who like to play computer games or watch TV in their free time, don’t take enough exercise. *Some other teenagers like eating in fast-food restaurants, which you can see everywhere in our city. *So there is a Keep Fit Summer Camp in our city, where the overweight teenagers can take enough exercise and have a healthy diet. |
Step 2: Question tags
6. Deal with Parts A and B on pages 48 and 49.
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Answers:
A 1. Li Dong, who is Chinese, donated more than half of his liver to Amy to save her life. 2. The doctors at the hospital, where Amy spent about two months, tried their best to save Amy. / The doctor at the hospital tried their best to save Amy, who spent two months there. 3. Amy eats lots of fruit and vegetables, which are good for her health. 4. Amy sometimes goes for a walk in the afternoon, when it is fine and warm. 5. My uncle, whom I told you about yesterday/about whom I told you yesterday, is an engineer and is working in Beijing. 6. Mike, whose hobby is traveling, has decided to visit the Great Wall next month. B. (1) who (2) where (3) which (4) which (5) which (6) which (7) whose (8)when (9) who (10) who |
5. More examples
1) All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.
2) All the magazines here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.
3) This is the place where I lived ten years ago.
4) She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao, which returned to China in 1999.
5) I have a sister who works in a hospital.
6) I have a sister, who works in a hospital.
7) Tom sold his house which was in downtown.
8) Tom sold his house, which made his father very angry.
9) Romeo and Juliet, which was written by Shakespeare, is popular all over the world.
10) At the Barcelona Olympic Games the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, 12 of which / of which 12 were won by women.
11) There are 54 students in my class, three of which/ of which three come from US.
12) The professor has two sons, both of whom are teaching in the same university.
13) New York is famous for its skyscrapers, the highest of which has more than 100 storeys.
14) As we all know, he studies very hard.
15) As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.
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相关高考试题：(2004浙江) Anyway, that evening, _____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. A. when B. where C. what D. which 解析： 首先识别本题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是that evening，虽然是时间名词， 但代替其含义的关系词需在定语从句中做tell you about的宾语，所以使用关系代词which 答案：D |
4. After reading the two example sentences in Point 3, you will know a non-restrictive attributive clause introduced by all / some of which / whom can express a complete or partial quantity. Here which refers to the antecedent different types of exercises in the first sentence, and whom refers to the antecedent many people in the second sentence.
Here are more sentences for you to compare:
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The
dress, which you can get at any shop, is popular this spring. The dress which you want can be found at any shop. In the first sentence, the clause ‘ which you can get at any shop’ gives extra information. It tells you where you can get the dress. In the second sentence, the clause tells us that the dress is just what you want, not anyone else. She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before. She introduced me to the man who is her husband. In the first sentence, we can know who she introduced. The clause just tells us that this was the first time I met her husband. In the second sentence, the clause tells us who the man is. His sister, who is studying in England, will be back this summer. His sister who is studying in England will be back this summer. The first sentence tells us that he has a sister and she is now studying in England and will be back this summer, while the second sentence tells us that maybe he has more than one sister and one of them is now studying in England and will be back this summer. The books, in which there are beautiful pictures, are for children. The books in which there are beautiful pictures are for children. In the first sentence, we know the books are all for children and they have beautiful pictures in them. In the second sentence, we know only the books with beautiful pictures are for children, while the books without beautiful pictures are not for children. |
3. Please read the example sentence in Point 2 and tell me what which refers to in this sentence. (Sometimes a non-restrictive attributive clause introduced by which can be used to refer to the whole main clause.)
2. Please read the Tip box in this part and note that the relative pronoun that can’t be used to introduce a
non-restrictive attributive clause.
1. Please read the five example sentences in Point 1 to find the similarities and the differences between the restrictive attributive clause and the non-restrictive attributive clause.
For reference:
These two kinds of attributive clauses are both used after a noun. But the non-restrictive clause is used to add extra information to the sentence, and there is usually a comma between the antecedent and the clause. The non-restrictive clause can be omitted without causing any confusion. But for a restrictive attributive clause, if it is omitted, the meaning of the whole sentence will not be so clear. For example, in the sentence ‘ We thought you were a person from whom we could expect good decisions’, the clause ‘from whom we could expect good decisions’ can’t be omitted. If it is omitted, we don’t know what the sentence means.
5. Homework
Discussion: Which method would you prefer, if you are to lose weight? What are the advantages and disadvantages?
(going on a diet;
exercising in a gym;
receiving surgical treatment;
taking weight-loss pills
Grammar and usage Introduction to non-restrictive attributive clauses
Step 1: non-restrictive attributive clause
A non-restrictive attributive clause is used to add extra information to the main clause of a sentence. Let’s see the formation of a non-restrictive attributive clause the occasion to use it.
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