IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别: 区别举例不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系.一般式表示将来.进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生.完成式表——青夏教育精英家教网—

IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别：

	区别	举例
不定式	与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生	I have a lot of papers to type. I have a lot of papers to be typed.
动名词	通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系	Shall we go to the swimming pool?
现在分词	与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生	the boiling water / the boiled water the developing country/the developed country the falling leaves / the fallen leaves
过去分词	与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成

III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：

	常见动词	与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念	例句
不定式	ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage	主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成	I heard him call me several times.
have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make
现在分词	notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel	主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成	I found her listening to the radio.
过去分词	动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态	We found the village greatly changed.

II. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较：

情况	常用动词
只接不定式做宾语的动词	hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen
只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语	mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider
can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to
两者都可以	意义基本相同	begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为)
need, want, require(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式)
意义相反	stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事
意义不同	remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生) remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生)	go on to do(接着做另外一件事) go on doing(接着做同一件事)
try to do(设法，努力去做，尽力) try doing(试试去做，看有何结果)	mean to do(打算做，企图做) mean doing (意识是，意味着)
can’t help to do(不能帮忙做) can’t help doing(忍不住要做)

I. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：

3. need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别：

两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。其形式为：needn’t/daren’t do；Need/dare…do…?

做实义动词时可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句。其形式为：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, don’t(doesn’t/didn’t) need/dare to do

2. used to和would: 　used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯，而would只表示过去的习惯或喜好，不涉及现在。

1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功”，而can无法表达此意。Be able to有更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。

3. can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can’t语气强，用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。

The weather in that city could be cold now.

We could have walked there; it was so near.(推测某事本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生)

Can he be in the office now? No, he can’t be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(语气很强，常用于疑问句和否定句中)

III. 情态动词注意点：

2. may和might“也许”，后者语气弱，更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。

He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task.

1. must“肯定，一定”语气强，只用于肯定句中。

He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.

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