3、某些动词在表示主语特征和性质时为不及物动词，但在表示动作时为及物动词。常见的此类动词有：wash , write , sell , read , open , cut , lock , shut 等。 The clothes he bought yesterday washes well.

2、现在完成时与一般过去时都表示动作发生于过去，但现在完成时强调结果， 一般过去时强调动作。

例如：-Have you been to the Great Wall ?

-Yes , I have .

1、有些表示状态、情感、感觉的动词没有进行时。例如：be , like , want , love , hear, wish , hope等。

例如：I hope he will come back soon.

第二节　　 实战演练

(三)被动语态的时态

(1)　　　 一般现在时　　

构成：助动词am/ is/are + 动词的过去分词

例如：This kind of car is made in Shanghai.

　　　 English is spoken in many countries.

(2)　　　　　 一般过去时

构成：助动词was/were + 动词的过去分词

例如：The bridge was built in 1992.

　　　 Was this novel written by his father?

(3)　　　　　 一般将来时

构成：will be 或be going to + be + 动词的过去分词

例如：These books are going to be posted tomorrow.

　　　 The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital.

(4)　　　　　 现在完成时

构成：助动词have/has + been + 动词的过去分词

例如：Has his work been finished?

　　　 We haven’t been invited to the party.

(5)　　　　　 现在进行时

构成：be + being + 动词的过去分词

例如：A new bridge is being built in my hometown.

　　　 The problem is being discussed by the students.

补充说明：带有情态动词的被动语态

构成：情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词

例如：Can this walkman be repaired here?

Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.

(二)被动语态的用法

(1)动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如：

Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.　　

The new test book will be used next term.

(2)当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。例如：

This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.

The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.

(3)含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语，间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for。

例如：The pianist gave the pupils some advice.

　　　　　　　　　　 间接宾语 直接宾语

→The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.

→Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.

(4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。

例如：The boss made them work ten hours a day.

　　 →They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.

　　 　A boy saw him enter the house.

　 　　　→He was seen to enter the house.

(一)被动语态的构成

英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数保持一致，并有时态的变化。例如：

The man was fooled by the two boys.

The book has been translated into several languages.

(八)过去将来时

过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句当中，主句中的谓语动词一般是过去时。

例如：

1)　 He said that he would study harder than before.

2)　 He didn’t tell me when he would go.

(七)过去完成时

表示在过去某个时刻前已经发生的动作或状态，或者从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态。

例如：

1)　 By the end of last year, we had learned more than 2,000 English words.

2)　 My teacher had taught in that school for ten years before she came here.

(六)过去进行时

过去进行时表示在过去某个时候正在进行的动作或过去某个阶段正在做的事情。

例如：

1)　 He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.

2)　 When I came in, they were having supper.