7. 在介词后一般用动名词作宾语，但在少数介词，如but, except后用动词不定式作宾语，但要注意“to”的省略，如but前有“do”则省去“to”。

　 例如：I have done nothing but help him with his luggage.

　　　　 I have no choice but to wait for him at the bus stop.

6. 在动词need, want, require后用动名词表示被动含义，相当于动词不定式的被动式；而用动词不定式的主动式表示主动含义。

　 例如：The house needs cleaning. = The house needs to be cleaned.

　　　　 He needs to clean the house first.

5. 在表示情绪的动词，如like, love, hate, prefer等后，用动名词作宾语表示一般倾向，用不定式表示特定某事。但在would/should like/love/prefer后要用不定式

　 例如：I hate eating the same food every day.

　　　　 Would you like to watch TV in the evening?

4．不定式的被动式有两种形式：to be done表示将要被做，to have been done表示已被做。

例如：The new cinema to be put up next year will be very large.

The cinema is said to have been built last year.

3．不定式进行式表示不定式的动作，与谓语动词同时发生。

例如：When he came in, I happened to be reading at the table.

2．不定式完成式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生。

例如：I’m sorry to have broken your glasses.

1．　 动词不定式一般式表示的动作可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生,也可能在其之后发生。

例如：I saw the young man enter the house.(同时发生)

　 I hope to go there next time.(之后发生)

　　　 动名词是动词非谓语形式的一种,由动词加ing构成。动名词既有动词特征，也有名词特征。

　　　 动名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如：

⑴ Smoking does great harm to people’s health.

　 　　　(作主语)

⑵ My job is looking after children.

　　　　　　　 　　 　　(作表语)

⑶ I have finished reading the novel.

　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　 (作宾语)

⑷ We have got a swimming pool in our school.

　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　(做定语)

　　　 动名词的否定形式由not +动名词构成。例如：

　　　 He made me angry by not taking the medicine.

　　　 动名词的复合结构由名词所有格或物主代词加上动名词构成。例如：

　　　 Would you mind my opening the door?

　　　 动名词的一般式，表示的动作可以与谓语动词同时发生或在前，或在后。

例如：

　　　 We all enjoy listening to music.(同时发生)

　　　 Do you remember meeting me there?(在谓语动词前发生)

　　　 动名词的完成式表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。例如：

　　　 I regret not having been taken to the Great Wall when I was a child.

　　　 She attended the party without being invited.

第二节 实战演练

(五)分词独立主格结构

当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：

Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum. 　　 The meeting being over, they all left the room.

(四)分词的否定形式

分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，例如：

Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.

Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.