Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1、　 这些事实是每个学生都熟悉的。(familiar)

(C)

The sun's changing energy levels are not to blame for recent global warming and, if anything, solar variations over the past 20 years should have had a cooling effect, scientists have said.

Their findings add to a growing body of evidence that human activity, not natural causes, lies behind rising average world temperatures, which are expected to reach their second highest level this year since records began in the 1860s.

There is little doubt that solar variability has influenced the Earth's climate in the past and may well have been a factor in the first half of the last century, but British and Swiss researchers said it could not explain recent warming. Over the past 20 years, all the trends in the sun that could have had an influence on Earth's climate have been in the opposite direction to that required to explain the observed rise in global mean temperatures.

Most scientists say emissions of greenhouse gases, mainly from burning fossil(化石的) fuels in power plants, factories and cars, are the prime cause of the current warming trend. A decreasing group pins the blame on natural variations in the climate system, or a gradual rise in the sun's energy output.

In order to unpick that possible link, researchers studied factors that could have forced climate change in recent decades, including variations in total solar irradiance and cosmic rays.

The data was smoothed to take account of the 11-year sunspot cycle, which affects the amount of heat the sun emits but does not impact the Earth's surface air temperature, due to the way the oceans absorb and retain heat.

They concluded that the rapid rise in global mean temperatures seen since the late 1980s could not be ascribed to solar variability, whatever mechanism was invoked.

At present there is a small minority which is seeking to deliberately confuse the public on the causes of climate change. They are often misrepresenting the science, when the reality is that the evidence is getting stronger every day.

The 10 warmest years in the past 150 years have all been since 1990 and a United Nations climate panel, drawing on the work of 2,500 scientists, said this year it was “very likely” human activities were the main cause.

72. In the past 20 years, solar variations should have _____.

　　　 A. made the earth warm　　　　　　　　　　　

B. cooled the earth a little

　　　 C. prevented the earth from moving around the sun

　　　 D. slowed the movement of the earth itself

73. The word “mean” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_____”.

　　　 A. average　　　 　　　 B. not generous　　　 C. poor　　　　　　　　 D. cruel

74.　 Why is sunspot cycle taken into account?

　　　 A. Because it can increase the earth’s surface air temperature.

　　　 B. Because it can reduce the earth’s surface air temperature.

　　　 C. Because it can increase or reduce the amount of heat the sun gives off.

　　　 D. Because it can help the ocean to store heat.

75. Which do you think is the best title for the passage?

　　　 A. The Sun Is Not To Blame for the Global Warming

　　　 B. Humans Have No Ways but to Suffer from Global Warming

　　　 C. Global Warming Becomes a Headache Problem to Humans

　　　 D. Global Warming Is an Unavoidable Trend　　　　

Section C

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph.　 There is one extra heading which you do not need.

　　　 Personally, patience is something I’ve been practicing for a long time. While I often fail, I believe I’ve progressed over the years, and things that used to get me bothered now just float past me. I still get upset, of course, but not nearly as much as I used to. Here are some tips that might help you become more patient:

76. 　

This is the first strategy, if you have real problems with patience: start by simply keeping a record on a little sheet of paper every time you lose your patience. This is one of the most effective and important methods for controlling an impulse – by learning to become more aware of it. Once you become aware of your impulses, you can work out an alternative reaction.

77. 　

As you become more aware of losing your patience, pay close attention to the things that cause you to lose that patience. Is it when your co-worker does something particularly annoying? When your spouse leaves dirty dishes unwashed? When your child doesn’t clean up his/her mess? Certain causes will happen more frequently than others – these are the things you should focus on the most.

78. 　

This one really works. When you first start to lose your patience, take a deep breath, and breathe out slowly. Then take another. And another. These three breaths will often help you. Count slowly to 10(you can do this in your head). When you’re done, most of the impulse to yell or do something out of frustration will have gone away.

79. 　

Don’t try to become very patient overnight. It won’t happen. Start with something small and manageable. Look for a trigger that only causes mild impatience within you – not something that gets your blood boiling. Then focus on this, and forget the other triggers for now. Work on controlling your temper for that one trigger. If you can get this one under control, use what you learned to focus on the next small trigger. One at a time, and with patience, you’ll get there.

80. 　

Often it’s best just to walk away for a few minutes. Take a break from the situation, just for 5-10 minutes, let yourself calm down, plan out your words and actions and solutions, and then come back calmly. Sometimes, we tend to get upset over little things. In the long run, these things tend not to matter, but in the heat of the moment, we might forget this.

Section D

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

Joe Bauer got the call on a Friday afternoon. A 10-year-old dog named Oscar was seriously sick because of a particular cancer in dogs, and had been given only three months, at best, to live. The dog’s owners were heartbroken and planned to have Oscar put down the next day.

　　　 Instead, Bauer, who was a scientist at the Cleveland Clinic’s Center, shipped an experimental cancer drug free-of-charge to Oscar’s vet, which means he registered Oscar in a trial that could end up benefiting not only suffering dogs but humans as well.

　　　 Treating dogs as a prelude to finding new cancer drugs for humans is an idea that is catching on.

　　　 “Dogs are benefiting more and more as people recognize the value of studying new cancer treatment---not just drugs---in dogs,” said Bauer. “There are a couple of reasons why dogs are so good.”

　　　 For one thing, the mice usually studied in cancer research are genetically bred to develop cancers. Dogs, like humans, spontaneously(自发的) develop cancers.

　　　 Also, not only are dogs similar to humans in their genetic makeup, they are also influenced by the same environmental factors that humans are.

　　　 Experimental drugs might get response rates of 80 percent or higher in mice, but that figure often drops to 10 or 15 percent when applied to humans, added Bauer.

　　　 It’s been five years since Oscar’s death-sentence, and he’s still going strong. Since then, three other dogs have been treated and have responded to the drug, without any negative reactions, Bauer said.

　　　 “There’s a great inequality for drugs available for animal use and those available for human use,” Bauer said. “Most of those used to treat dogs and other pets were developed in the 1950s.”

　　　 Bauer added, “This helps animal patients have access to treatments they wouldn’t have access to otherwise. We look at this as benefit to both species.”

　(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)

81. For how many days was Oscar believed to live five years ago?　

82. The underlined phrase “catching on” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.

83. From the text we can learn that dogs only recently have access to drugs_____.

84. Why are dogs chosen for studying new cancer treatment?

第II卷 (共45分)

(B)

BUS SERVICE

New York City - Brennan, New Jersey

(Trip time: 30 minutes each way )

Timetable

●Buses leave the Railway Station, New York at 7:00 a.m. and every half-hour thereafter(此后) until 11:30 p.m. (7 days a week).

●Buses leave Brennan Station 20 minutes before and after every hour from 6:20 a.m. to 10:40 p.m. (7 days a week ).

●Evening rush hours(5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.) buses leave the Railway Station, New York every 15 minutes (Monday - Friday).

●Holidays: buses leave every hour on the hour time, each direction.

All tickets must be bought at Window 12, the Railway Station, New York, or at the Brennan Station Window before boarding buses.

69. What time does a bus leave New York for Brennan every Thursday?

A. 10:20 am.　　　　　　　　 B. 6:30 am. 　　　　　 C. 6:45 pm. 　　　　 D. 4:40 pm.

70. Which is the latest bus you should take from Brennan if you have to arrive at the Railway Station, New York before 4:00 p. m. on Monday?

A. The 3:20 pm bus.　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 B. The 3:00 pm bus.

C. The 3:30 pm bus. 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 D. The 3:40 pm bus.

71. What time does a bus leave Brennan for New York on Christmas Day?

A. 1:00 pm. 　　　　 B. 9:40 am. 　　　　　 C. 3:15 pm.　　　　　 D. 8:30 am.

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.　 Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

　　　 At about 6 pm on Oct. 23^rd, six university delegates from China were having a meeting at Sendai Northern University of Japan. Suddenly, the house began to shake and the chandelier was swaying. The Japanese professor who was __50__ a speech quickly stopped his lecture and said in a low voice, “There is an earthquake. But never mind. It’s OK now.” Because of the __51__, every one of the 100 listeners had heard him. But the lecturer __52__ his topic and the Japanese who were present were calm as if __53__ had happened.

　　　 At 8 o’clock in the evening, after all the topics of the meeting had been discussed as __54__, the host __55__ another one, inviting an officer to __56__ the people present of the earthquake just now. “An earthquake with a preliminary magnitude of six on the Richter scale shock north Japan’s Niigata Prefecture just now. We haven’t know the __57__ casualties(伤亡情况) yet. Some civilian houses __58__, and highways had been out of __59__. Sendai is 300 kilometres away from Niigata, so we in Sendai had a strong __60__ of shaking.” These words were of mental __61__ for all the listeners; there is no trace of panic on the scene __62__ aftershocks were felt.

　　　 Immediately after I went back to my station, I __63__ on the TV and found that many channels were reporting on the __64__ news of this earthquake. On the screen, members of the rescue team with their emergency lamps and torches were busy saving people’s lives. TV cameramen were among them too, and with the shaking pictures, the audience could feel like being personally on the scene.

50. A. giving　　　　　　　　 B. organizing　 　　　 C. hearing　　　　　　 D. attending　　　

51. A. hall　　　　　　　　　　 B. place　　　　　　　　 C. seat　　　　　　　　　 D. microphone　　

52. A. continued　　　　　　 B. changed　　 　　　 C. arranged　　　　　　 D. took　　　　　

53. A. something 　　　　 B. everything　　　　 C. anything　　　　　　 D. nothing　　　　

54. A. expected　　　　　　 B. rearranged　 　　　 C. planned　　　　　　 D. decided　　　　

55. A. added　　　　　　　　 B. lifted　　　　　　　　 C. put　　　　　　　　　 D. called　　　　

56. A. warn　　　　　　　　　 B. inform　　　　　　　　　　 C. mind　　　　　　　　 D. remind　　　　

57. A. certain　　　　　　　　 B. normal　　　 　　　　　　　 C. common　　　　　　 D. exact　　　　　

58. A. destroyed　　　　　　 B. stayed　　　　　　　 C. collapsed　　　　　 D. damaged　　　

59. A. use　　　　　　　　　　 B. order　　　 　　 C. question　　　　　　 D. way　　 　　　

60. A. kind　　　　　　　　　 B. means　　　　　　　 C. feeling　　　　　　　　　　 D. wave　　　　 　

61. A. panic　　　　　　　　　 B. anxiety　　　　　　　 C. shock　　　　　　　　 D. comfort　　　　

62. A. although　　　　　　 B. when　　　　　　　　 C. how　　　　　　　　　 D. why　　　　　

63. A. looked　　　　　　　　 B. set　　　　　　 　　　 C. turned　　　　　　　 D. watched　　　　

64. A. newest　　　　　　　　 B. latest　 　　　　　　　 C. last　　　　　　　　　 D. fastest　　　　

Section B

Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

This bird has feathers that look like jewels in the sunlight, and it flies so fast that you can’t see how its wings move. What is this tiny creature? It is the hummingbird(蜂鸟)!

Most hummingbirds beat their wings from 55 to 80 times a second! This speed makes an interesting sound. It helps the hummingbird in many important ways. A hummingbird can fly sideways. It can even fly upside down! This fancy flying helps this tiny bird get its food.　

The hummingbird eats nectar, the sugary juice found inside most flowers. Because it is too large to land on the petals(花瓣), it must hover(停留在空中) in mid-air while it dines on the flower’s nectar. Its small size and fast wing speed make hovering possible. It uses its long, narrow bill and tongue to reach deep into the center of a flower and lick up the liquid sugar. Then the hummingbird quickly flies sideways to the next flower.　　　

Being one of the fastest birds around is hard work. The hummingbird’s heart beats from 200 to 1,200 times every minute. The hummingbird needs plenty of energy to fly from flower to flower. To get enough energy, a hummingbird must eat about every ten minutes. Most hummingbirds will eat insects, but they like nectar the most. Nectar from flowers is mostly sugar. The sugar gives a hummingbird the quick bursts of energy it needs to keep moving.

The hummingbird mother raises her family by herself. She builds a nest from plant materials. On the outside, most hummingbird nests are about the size of a quarter. Before long, two eggs fill the nest. Each egg is the size of a bean.　

Before winter arrives, many hummingbirds migrate(迁移). Some fly very long distances. A biologist named Gayle Brown studied these interesting birds. She put bands on their legs to track them. One banded hummingbird was on Vancouver Island near Washington. A few weeks later, scientists in southern New Mexico caught the same bird. That’s a long way for such a small creature to travel.

65．Hummingbird stay in the air while they eat because _____.

　　　 A. the flowers can sometimes be harmful

　　　 B. they can’t stay at one place for long

　　　 C. the other hummingbirds want the sugar

　　　 D. they cannot land on the petals

66．What does the underlined word “It” in the second paragraph refer to?

　　　 A. An interesting sound. B. Wing speed.　　　　　　　 C. Small size.　　　　　　　 D. Nectar

67．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?

　　　 A. Hummingbird are found in New Mexico.

　　　 B. Hummingbird eggs are the size of a bean.

　　　 C. Hummingbirds need to eat often to get enough energy.

　　　 D. Hummingbirds will sometimes eat insects.

68．Gayle Brown put bands on hummingbirds because she wanted to _____.

　　　 A. see how far they fly　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. know how much they grow

　　　 C. know what flowers they like best　　　　　　　　　 D. find where they build a nest

40. We have been told that under no circumstances _____ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.

　　　 A. may we use　　　　　　　 B. we may use　　　　　　　 C. we could use　　　 D. did we use

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.　 Note that there is one word more than you need.

Exchange a glance with someone, then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer, and you have made a __41__ statement. Hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has changed again. For every social situation, there is a permissible time that you can hold a person's gaze without being rude, or __42__. If you are on an elevator, what gaze-time are you permitted? To answer this question, consider what you __43__ do. You very likely give other passengers a quick glance to size them up and to assure them that you mean no __44__. Since being close to another person signals the possibility of interaction, you need to send out a signal telling others you want to be left alone. So you cut off eye __45__, what sociologist Erving Goffman (1963) calls "a dimming of the lights." You look down at the floor, at the indicator lights, anywhere but into another passenger's eyes. Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person __46__ uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.

If you hold eye contact for more than 3 seconds, what are you telling another person? Much depends on the person and the __47__. For instance, a man and a woman communicate interest in this manner. They typically gaze at each other for about 3 seconds at a time, then drop their eyes down for 3 seconds, before letting their eyes meet again. But if one man gives another man a 3-second-plus stare, he __48__, "I know you", "I am interested in you," or "You look peculiar and I am __49__ about you." This type of stare often produces hostile feelings.

39. _____ on the floor of small ponds is a new farming industry.

　　　 A. Raising crabs 　 B. Crabs are raised C. Crabs raised　　　 D. Raised crabs

38. I have heard both teachers and students _____ well of him.

　　　 A. to speak　　　　　　 B. spoken　　　　　　　 C. to have spoken　 D. speak

37. Mr. Green is said _____ the experiment which led to the new discovery in medicine.

　　 A. to do　　　　　 　　　 B. to have done　　　 C. to be doing　　　　 D. to have been done

36. –Were you worried about him last night?

　 –Yes. It was ______.

　　 A. until he returned that I went to bed　　

B. until he returned that I slept well

　　 C. not until he returned that I went to bed　　　

　　 D. not until did he return that I went to bed

35. No matter how frequently _____, I always remember never to stop improving myself.

　　 A. praising　　　　　　　　　　 B. praised　　　　　　　 C. to be praised　　　 D. being praised