2. in time 及时；最终；迟早

[典例]

1). They caught the bus in time. 他们及时赶上了汽车。

2). If you keep on, you will succeed in time. 如果坚持下去，你们总有一天会成功的。

[短语归纳] time短语：

in time for sth./ to do sth. 及时；不迟　　　　　　　 in no time 立刻；马上　　　　　　　　 at no time永不……　 　

at one time 有个时期；曾经；一度　　　　　　　　 at a time 一次；每次　　　　　 at times = sometimes 有时

all the time 一直；始终；老是　　　　　　　　　　　　 on time 按时；准时　　　　　　　　　　 by the time到……的时候为止

for the time being 暂时；暂且　　　　　　　　　　　　 take one’ s time不着急；慢慢来 kill time 消磨时间

from time to time 不时地，间或　　　　　　　　　　 many a time 常常；多次　　　　　　 once upon a time 从前

at the same time 同时；尽管如此　　　　　　　　　　 ahead of time 提前，提早　　　　　 race against time 争分夺秒

time and again 一次又一次；重复地　　　　　　　 keep time (钟表)走得准　　　　　　　 keep bad time(钟、表)走得不准

take one’ s time 慢慢来，别急　　　　　　　　　　　　 have a good/nice/hard time (in) doing sth 做某事很……　　

It’ s (high/about) time that sb. did/ should do sth. 是做某事的时候了　　　 　　　　　　　

[练习] 用time短语填空。

1). They sent the mail to me just _______ _______, before I 1eft.

2). William arrived at the theatre just _______ _______ for the play was to be on.

3). Hurry up! The concert will begin _______ _______ _______.

4). _______ _______ _______ will I give up.　

5). The boy laughed and cried _______ _______ ______ ______.

6). _______ _______ _______ he was addicted to playing web games, but now he devotes himself to writing, which delights his parents.

7). Don’t try to do everything at once; take it a bit _______ _______ _______.

8). You’ll have your own office soon, but _______ _______ _______ _______ you’ ll have to share one with me.

Keys: 1). in time　　　　　 2). in time　　　　 3). in no time　　　 4). At no time　　

5). at the same time　 6). At one time　　 7). at a time　　　　 8). for the time being　

1. to begin with = to start with 以……开始；由……作为开头；首先

[典例]

To begin/start with, I couldn’ t understand a single word. 起初，我一句也没弄明白。

[重点用法]

begin/start with 从……开始　 　　　　　 begin/start sth with 从……开始……

[练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子。

1). He ______ his speech ______ a poem.　　

2). His speech ______ ______ a poem.

3). ______ ______ ______, pets are good friends of many lonely people, especially the old.

Keys: 1). began/started; with　　 2). began/started with　　　 3). To start/begin with　

7. cheer vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼　 cheerful adj.高兴的　 cheerless adj.不高兴的　

[典例]

1). The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared. 女王出现时群众高声欢呼。

2). He was greatly cheered by the news. 他听到这个消息非常高兴。

[重点用法]

cheer sb. on为某人加油　　　　　　　 cheer (sb) up(使某人)更高兴或更快活

[练习] 用cheer的短语或其适当形式填空。

1). Your visit has greatly ______ him up.

2). The crowd ______ the runners ______ as they started the last lap.

3). You look as though you need ______ up.

Keys: 1). cheered　　 2). cheered; on　　 3). cheering　　

6. pull v.拉，拖，拔；移动 n.拉，拖；拉(引)力

[典例]

1). You push and I’ ll pull. 你来推，我来拉。

2). I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round. 我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。

[重点用法]

pull ahead (of sb/sth) 领先(於某人/物)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 pull (sb) back(使某人)退却；撤回(某人)

pull off (sth)(指机动车辆)驶离(道路)(至路侧停车处停下) pull out (sth.) 拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离(车站)

pull on 穿，戴上(袜子、手套等)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 pull together 同心协力；通力合作

[练习] 用pull短语的适当形式填空。

1). I arrived as the last train was ______ ______.

2). He ______ ______ a gun and aimed at the criminal.

3). So long as we ______ ______, there’ s no mountain top we can’t conquer.

Keys: 1). pulling out 　　 　2). pulled out　　 3). pull together

5. puzzle vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)苦思　 n.谜；难题　 puzzled adj.无法了解的；困惑的　 puzzling adj.令人费解的

[典例]

1). Her reply puzzled me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。

2). Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 他们为什麽要做此事我仍莫名其妙。

[重点用法]

sth. puzzles sb. 某事使某人迷惑/为难　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 sb. be puzzled by sth. 某人对……感到迷惑

puzzle about/over sth. 对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索(以便理解)　 puzzle one’ s brain苦思苦想；绞尽脑汁

solve a puzzle 解决一个难题

[练习] 用puzzle的适当形式填空或翻译。

1). To explain the ________ (puzzle) findings, he offers two theories.

2). I _______ (puzzle) that I haven’ t heard from Liz for so long.

3). She listened with a _______ (puzzle) expression on her face.

4). No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _______ (puzzle) of how life began.

5). He _______ (puzzle) what to do next.

6). _______ _______ _______ (使我困惑的事情) is why he left the country without telling anyone.

Keys: 1). puzzling　 2). am puzzled　　 3). puzzled　　 4). puzzle　　 5) was puzzled　　 6). What puzzles me

4. exist vi. 存在；生存　 existence n. 存在

[典例]

1). Does life exist on Mars? 火星上有生命吗?

2). I can hardly exist on the wage I’ m getting. 我靠我挣的工资简直难以餬口。

[重点用法]

exist + prep. 存在于地方　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 exist on sth. 靠某物生存　

[练习] 用exist的短语或其适当形式填空。

1). This plant ______ only ______ Australia.

2). Can you ______ ______ such a low salary?

3). I doubt the ______ (exist) of alien.

Keys: 1). exists; in 　　　 　2). exist on to　　 3). existence

3. harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的　 harm n.&vt. 伤害(某人)

[典例]

Many people are aware of the harmful effects of smoking. 很多人都意识到吸烟的危害。

[重点用法]

be harmful to sb./sth. 对……有害　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 do harm to sb.= do sb. harm = harm sb. 对……有害；伤害……

[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). Everyone knows that smoking is ______ to your health.　　　

2). In many cases, too much care for children from parents might even do ______ to their growth.

3). 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。

_______________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1). harmful　 2). harm　 3). Reading in the sun does a lot of harm to your eyes. = Reading in the sun does your eyes a lot of harm.= Reading in the sun is very harmful to your eyes.

2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；摆设；铺(地毯) ；产(蛋)

[典例]

1). He laid his hand on my shoulder. 他把手放在我的肩上。

2). Who should we lay the blame on? 我们该责备谁?

[重点用法] lay短语：

lay eggs 下蛋　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 lay sth. aside 把某物放在一边；积蓄(钱)

lay sth. down 把某物放下　　　 　　　　　　　 lay the blame on sb.责备某人

lay the table 摆桌子　　　　　　　　　　　　　 lay emphasis / stress on sth. 把重点放在某事上

[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). The bird ______ its eggs in other birds’ nests.　

2). He is a political leader that _____ _____ _____ _____ (非常强调) individual responsibility.

3). He ______ some money ______ for rainy days.　　

Keys: 1). lays　 　 2). lays great stress on 　　3). lays/puts; aside

1. system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度；方法　 systematic adj 有系统的; 有条理的

[典例]

1). The solar system includes the sun and its eight planets. 太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。

2). Alcohol is bad for your system. 喝酒对身体有害。

[练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子。

1). The ______ ______ (教育系统) operates very differently in the US and China.

2). He introduced us a well-designed ______ ______ (铁路系统).

Keys: 1). educational system　 　 2). railway system