3. 用于文章结论句
(36)如果能实践这三点,…
If one can really put the three points into action (practice), …
例如:如果能实践这三点,他肯定能过上幸福的生活。
If one can really put the three points into action (practice), he will surely be able to live a happy life.
(37) 如此,我相信…
In this way, I believe (that) …(从句)
例如:如此,我相信大家或许能够像我一样,享受乘坐公共汽车的乐趣。
In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to enjoy the bus ride like me.
(38) 实践这些,…
By putting them (the above)into practice,…
例如:实践这些,在智育方面我一直不断进步。
By putting them (the above)into practice, I have been able to make constant progress in intellectual education.
(39) 唯有通力合作,我们才能…
Only with combined efforts, can we …
例如:唯有通力合作,我们才能期望我们的家乡不久会有新的面貌。
Only with combined efforts, can we expect our hometown take on a new look in due course.
(40) 最后,但很重要,…
Last but not least, …
例如: 最后,但很重要,教育上的失误是助长青少年犯罪的原因。
Last but not least, the shortcoming in education is the cause contributing to juvenile delinquency.
(41) 基于这些理由,我…
For these reasons, I …
例如:基于这些理由,我认为在中国接受大学教育是明智的。…
For these reason, I think that receiving college education In China is wise.
(42) 总而言之,…
In conclusion, …=To sum up, …
例如:总而言之,好公民应该遵守交通规则。
In conclusion, a good citizen should observe traffic regulations.
(43) 因此,我们能下个结论,那就是…
We can, therefore, come to the conclusion (that)…(从句)
例如:因此,我们能下个结论,那就是世上和平最珍贵。
We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as peace in the world.
(44)如果我们能做到如上所述,毫无疑问地…
If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt (that) …(从句)
例如:如果我们能做到如上所述,毫无疑问地, 我们就能精通英语。
If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that we can master English.
(45) 因此,这就是…的原因。
Thus, this is the reason why…
例如:因此,这就是我得重感冒的原因。
Thus, this is the reason why I caught a bad cold.
(46) 所以,我们应该了解…
Therefore, we should realize (that)…(从句)
例如:所以,我们应该了解学英文不能没有词典。
Therefore, we should realize that in learning English we can not do without a dictionary.
(47) 因此,由上面的讨论我们可以明了…
We, therefore, can make it clear from the above discussion (that )…(从句)
例如:因此,由上面的讨论我们可以明了,坚持不懈可以克服任何困难。
We, therefore, can make it clear from the above discussion that perseverance can overcome any difficulty.
(48) 从…观点来看, …
From the … point of view, …
例如:从政治的观点来看,这是一个很复杂的问题。
From the political point of view, it is very complicated problem.
2. 用于文章承转句。
(22)那就是说…;亦即…
That is to say,…
=That is ,…
=Namely,…
例如:我们生活需要有规律。也就是说,早睡早起,戒除烟酒。
We need to live a regular life. That is (to say), we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking in the daily activities.
(23)我们有理由相信…
We have reasons to believe (that)…
例如:我们有理由相信体罚应该严格禁止。
We have reasons to believe (that) corporal punishment should be strictly prohibited.
(24)事实上,…
As a matter of fact,…=in fact…
例如;事实上,健康才是最重要的。
As a matter of fact,it is health that count.
(25)(A)例如,…
For example,…=For instance
(B) 以…为例
Take…for example
例如:例如,我们盲目地提高生活水准,却降低生活质量。
For example, elevate the living standard blindly, but lower the quality of life.
(26)此外,我们不应忽视…
Besides(in addition), we should not neglect…
例如:此外,我们不应忽视每个人都想要一个温馨祥和的社会。
In addition, we should not neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.
(27) 相反的,…
On the contrary, …=By contrast, …
例如:相反的,少数学生似乎还在虚度光阴。
On the contrary, a few students, it seems, are still fooling around.
(28) 另一方面,…
On the other hand, …
例如:政府应严格执法,另一方面,大众也应该培养减少污染的好习惯。
The government should enforce laws strictly. On the other hand, the public should also develop the good habit of reducing pollution.
(29) 然而;很可惜的是…
However, it is a pity that …
例如:然而,很可惜的是他总是临时抱佛脚。
However, it is a pity that he should always cram at the eleventh hour.
(30) 换言之,…
In other words, … = To put it differently
例如:换言之,我会尽最大的努力达到我的目标。
In other words, I will try my best to attain (gain; live up to) my goal.
(31) 别人可能认为这是事实,但我不是。我认为…
It will be true as assumed by other, but I don’t believe it. I believe that … (从句)
例如:别人可能认为这是事实,但我不是。我认为如果你有很大的决心和毅力,成功最终是属于你的。
It will be true as assumed by others, but I don’t believe it. I believe that if you have strong determination and perseverance, success will certainly come to you in the end.
(32) 从此之后,我已发现…
Ever since then, I have found that …(从句)
例如:从此之后,我已发现微笑是避免我们日常生活中发生纠纷的最好办法。
Ever since then, I have found that smiling is the best way to avoid any possible conflicts in our daily life
(33)这样说来,假如…, 当然毫无疑问地…
In the light, if …, there can surely be no doubt (that) … (从句)
例如:假如我们能善于利用时间,当然毫无疑问地我们会成功。
In the light, if we can make good use of time, there can surely be no doubt that we will get somewhere.
(34) 更严重的是,…
What is more serious is (that) … (从句)
例如:更严重的是,我们不珍惜野生动物。
What is more serious is that we do not cherish wildlife.
(35) 鉴于社会实际的需要,…
In view of the practical need of society,…
例如: 鉴于社会实践的需要,愈来愈多的人对学英语有兴趣。
In view of practical need of society, there are more and more people interested in learning English.
16.⑴
⑵n(Ni3+):n(Ni2+)=6:91
讲析:⑴如图所示,以立方体作为计算单元,此结构中含有Ni2+-O2-离子数为:4×=(个),所以1molNiO晶体中应含有此结构的数目为6.02×1023÷=12.04×1023(个),又因一个此结构的体积为(a×10-8cm)3,所以1molNiO的体积应为12.04×1023×(a×10-8cm)3,NiO的摩尔质量 为74.7g/mol,所以NiO晶体的密度为
⑵解法一(列方程):设1molNi0.97O中含Ni3+为xmol,Ni2+为ymol,则得
x+y=0.97 (Ni原子个数守恒)
3x+2y=2 (电荷守恒)
解得x=0.06,y=0.91,故n(Ni3+):n(Ni2+)=6:91
解法二(十字交叉):由化学式Ni0.97O求出Ni的平均化合价为2/0.97,则有
Ni3+ 3 0.06/0.97
2/0.97
Ni2+ 2 0.91/0.97
故n(Ni3+):n(Ni2+)=6:91。
15.(1)C 第二周期第ⅣA族 (2)CCl4 正四面体 109°28’ (3)CO2 直线型 180° (4)灭火剂和有机溶剂
14.(1)H O Na S (2)SO3 H2O2 Na2O2 (3)NaHSO3 NaHSO4
13.⑴ ⑵ NaOH 〉Mg(OH)2
⑶ NH3 + H2O NH3·H2O NH4+ + OH-
⑷ 分子晶体 ⑸ OH- ;H2O
1.D 2.AD 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.CD 11.C 12.C
讲析:1.电解质电离时共价键被破坏。 2.可根据元素的化合价来判断氧化物是否是酸酐。 3.本题重点抓住正离子N5+整体为+1价来分析。 5.据题给性质推断氮化硅为原子晶体。 6.
根据构成晶体的粒子种类以及它们之间的相互作用的强弱不同来判断。 7.根据玻璃态的水不存在晶体结构,密度不变来判断。 9.由于晶体中每8个笼只有6个容纳了CH4分子,另外2个笼被游离H2O分子填充,由此得出8个笼中共有6个CH4
分子,46+2=48个H2O分子。 11.本题可根据排除法来判断,注意氢键存在于分子间,且气体物质分子之间无相互作用,不存在氢键。 12.n(Ca):n(Ti):n(O)=1:(8╳1/8):(12╳1/4)
3.⑴假定两刚性球间彼此相切,这才可将Li+与I-的距离看成是两离子半径之和。⑵ 0.214nm 0.088nm ⑶r+>0.060nm-0.068nm,说明将Li+和I-看成刚性球组实际不相切。因为电子之间相互排斥,致使两离子半径之和小于它们之间的理论距离。
讲析:⑵根据NaCl的晶体结构即可建立如上图所示的“数学模型”。设图中大圆表示I-,其半径为r-,小圆为Li+,其半径为r+,则有如下关系:AC=2(r++r-),=sin45°,BC=2r-,根据上式解得r+/r-=0.414,又由假定知:r++r-=0.303nm,从而解得r+=0.088nm,r-=0.214nm
检测提高
1.B 2.BC
讲析:1.H2O2、Na2O2中均存在非极性键;SiO2等属于原子晶体的共价化合物熔点高;金属晶体中含金属阳离子,但不存在阴离子。 2.物质熔沸点的高低主要决定于微粒间作用力的大小,比较时首先要判断晶体类型,另外合金的熔点低于各成分金属。
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