当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。

① 当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时(如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等)； Eg.

They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese. (他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。) 　 I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English. 　(我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。)

② 表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句； Eg. 　I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.(我不喜欢他那么懒惰。) ③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语； Eg. 　You may depend on it that we shall always help you.(尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。) 　　 Would you see to it that she gets home early? (你负责保证她早到家，好吗？)

④ 由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。 Eg. 　I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it. 　　 (我让你自己判断这事是否该做。) 　　 We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident. 　　 (多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。)

7. My advice to you is to prepare and think ahead, and you will be sure to have an easier time in making the transition from home to university. (Page51)

我给你们的建议是提前计划和思考，这样你就肯定更容易完成从家到大学的转变。

句中不定式作为表语; 不定式可作为定语、状语(表目的、原因、结果或条件)、宾语、表语；同时解题时要注意不定式的时态、否定形式等。

5.instead of downloading　　　　　　　　　　 6.welcome aboard, linked to

3.was estimated to　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 4.taking action/measures

6. People with advanced technical skills are most likely to break these laws. However, ordinary people can also break them by copying material or buying pirated goods.

[巩固练习]

5.Most people have copied music or video material, or downloaded it from the Internet for private use. Some people copy materials such as films to sell for commercial reasons.

4.This may lead to a big loss of money for the company, and the company will probably have to stop their research and development of new products.

3.If someone creates something, he or she deserves to be paid for this.

2.Intellectual property falls into two categories-industrial property, such as inventions, trademarks and industrial designs, and copyright, which includes novels, films, music, artwork and architectural designs.

1.The World Intellectual Property Organization defines intellectual property as ideas, which include inventions, writing, artwork, symbols and designs used in business.