语气是思维的外壳，是情感的载体。怎样才能使语言富于个性呢?

一是写出语言的新鲜美。活用新词语，为文章增添生机与活力；二是写出语言的灵动美。这种语言往往活泼灵动、个性鲜明，充满审美张力。三是要写出语言的意蕴美。这种语言凝练优美、含蓄隽永、意蕴独具。四是适当引用名言警句、诗词歌赋，以增加文章的内涵和文采。五是巧用修辞，妙用句式，加强对语言的包装。如以“信念”为话题，考生写道：“如果说人生是一艘航船，那么信念就是航船的双浆，人如果缺乏信念，生命之舟就不能远航；如果说事业是一座大厦，那么信念就是这座大厦的支柱，人如果缺乏信念，事业的大夏就会轰然倒塌。”这段文字有议论，有叙述，有抒情，句式有长有短，整散结合，行文流畅，形象地写出了信念在人生中的重要作用，也让读者在小作者的语言文采中领略到一种美的享受。

综上所述，无论是选材、立意，还是构思、语气，都应该努力创新。只有创新，我们才能写出新颖、深刻的文章来。

[教你一招]

独特是文章的生命

独特是文章的生命。曹文轩先生说：“智慧在于对世界能有自己的一份独特看法，在有了独特的看法之后，又能以独特的叙述方式将其表达出来。智慧在于思维不再是僵直的、机械的，当路被堵死时，能换另一种思路，而思路一转，则柳暗花明，新意顿现。”作文要有创新意识，人无我有，人有我精。确立文章的主旨，要防止与别人雷同，力争不与他人撞车；精选的材料要有积极意义，要新鲜，要有时代感；布局谋篇要思路清晰，言之有序。要敢于打破旧框架，别具一格，从形式上让评卷老师耳目一新。

写作时，要善于从自己独特的生活感受出发，寻找新颖的角度去开掘事物的特点，探求事物的本质。只有这样，你才能写出令人拍案叫绝的佳作。

[中考链接]

1、考题展示

辽宁省中考作文

在一个大花园里住着一个盲人，他把所有的时间都用来照料这个花园。一年四季，花园里总是一片姹紫嫣红。一个过路人非常惊奇地观赏这漂亮的花园，不解地问盲人：“你这样做的理由是什么？你根本就看不见这些美丽的花呀！”盲人笑了，他说：我可以告诉你四个理由：第一、我喜欢园艺工作；第二，我可以抚摸我的花；第三，我可以闻到它们的香味；至于第四个理由，是因为总有像你一样的人从这里经过，会因为我美丽的花园而心情愉快！盲人的花园是他精神的领地，苦心经营以后，他有了比花更美丽的理由。

请结合你的生活实际，以“理由”为话题，写一篇作文。

同样的立意、选材，得分有时也会因表现形式的优劣而有高下之分。因而作文要升格，就要根据自己的写作特长，优先考虑选用一般考生少用的文章形式，如书信、日记、寓言、童话、小小说、诗歌、科幻故事、戏剧小品等，这样会使你的文章脱颖而出。如果写三大文体，也要尽可能使形式新些，比如，写记叙文可以设计富有吸引力的小标题；写说明文，可以用第一人称的拟人手法；写议论文，论点的提炼多用发散思维。这样写出的文章就会给人耳目一新之感。

立意是一篇文章的灵魂。要使立意充满个性，充满创意，可从下面三方面着手。

多一点对立意“公式”的否定。用蜡烛比喻老师，用蜜蜂象征劳动者，写春雨总要联系党的温暖……这些立意公式“历史悠久”，千篇一律，僵化陈旧，禁锢了学生的创造思维，扼杀了学生的个性，给学生作文的乏意带来了不少负面影响。只有冲出了立意公式的羁绊，寻找到独特的心灵感悟，文章立意才会高人一筹。

多一点对习惯性思维的突破。记叙文的立意，不可鹦鹉学舌、人云亦云，要敢于突破他人的惯性思维，“言人所未言”，“发人所未发”。议论文也要敢于挑战固有观念，逆向开拓，创出新意。敢于打破思维定势，文章自然会有新颖深刻而又不同凡响的立意。

多一点对立意角度的选择。在立意的角度上，可以单向突破(写好某一主旨)，可以多向出击(巧妙揉合几方面的主题)，可以正面着墨，也可以反面敷粉。如以“雪”为话题，大多数考生立意“赞雪”，赞雪的“洁白无瑕”、“大公无私”，这种思维是单一的正向思维，并无新意。只有一个考生逆向思维，立意“贬雪”，揭露雪的虚伪(掩盖了事实，见不得阳光)、凶恶(依仗狂风，不可一世)、冷酷(千山枯寂，万木萧条)和懦弱(任人践踏)，这样的立意就很有新意。可见，善于选择新的角度思考，往往能出奇制胜。

古人云：“良桐方能斫美琴”，材料不新鲜不富于个性化特征，是不能创意出新的。因而创意话题作文的选材要着眼当代，紧贴现实，坚持只选新的，不选旧的；只选亲身经历的，不选道听途说的；只选小材料，不选大材料；只选深刻的，不选肤浅的；只选具体的，不选空泛的；只选有趣的，不选平淡的；只选罕见的，不选常见的。总之，要尽量避开常人之所选，慧眼独运，以新制胜。如以“渴望”为话题，不少考生都局限在“渴望减轻学业负担”，“渴望父母理解”等这些狭小的圈子中，如果拓开思路，挖掘生活中的材料，就可以“环保”为背景，写“我渴望碧水蓝天”等。要善于从不经意的生活小事中，开掘出不平凡的新意，点化出耐人寻味的内涵。

W: Hello, Joy Washing Machine Company. Can I help you?

M: Yes. I am calling to complain about the service offered by your service department..

W: Just a moment, please. I will take some notes… Now…go on, please.

M: I told your service department on last November21 that my washing machine needed repairing. Your service engineers have been here four times-on last December 11, December 19, December 25, and January 5 of this year. I had to wait three weeks for an engineer to call and nearly two months for the machine to be repaired. The engineers who called on December 19 and December 25 had been given wrong information by the service department, which made me take two days off from work unnecessarily. The first and fourth visits lasted only a total of thirty minutes. But your service department wants me to pay for four hours’ work. I will not pay for your mistakes. And I do hope to receive your answer to these complaints.

W: I’m very sorry to have caused you so much trouble. As the manager of the service department, I’ll deal with all your complaints myself. Tomorrow you will get an answer.　

M: Thanks. I will wait and see. Bye.

W : Bye .

Mr. Smith worked in a company. He had neither a wife nor children. And he lived in an old house alone. He liked nothing but drinking. He almost spent all of his money on drinks. Sometimes he was hungry, he had to borrow some money from his workmates to buy a little food.

One evening he met a friend of his in the street. The man asked him to have dinner in a restaurant. He was happy and drank a lot. When they left there at midnight, he could hardly stand. The man had to stop a taxi and asked the driver to take him home. Soon they arrived at the door of his house. With the help of the driver, he got out.

“Thank you, sir,” said Mr. Smith. “ Now I can open the door myself”.

The taxi driver went away, but he couldn’t put the key into the keyhole. He was trying to do it when a policeman came. “Can I help you put the key into the keyhole, sir?” asked the policeman.

“Thank you, sir,” said Mr. Smith. “The house is moving now. If you can stop it from moving, I can open the door myself.”

7. 　M: Rose, you have to go to school by yourself. My car doesn’t work.

　 　　W: Ok, Dad. I can ride my new bicycle.

　 　　M: Take care, Rose.

　 　　Q: How is Rose going to school?

8.　 M: I will attend a meeting at 7:30 this evening. It will take me 40 minutes to get there.

　 W: Well, Let’s have dinner earlier today.

　　 Q: What time will the meeting begin?　

9. 　　M: Is it still raining now?

　 W: No. The rain stopped a moment ago. The sun is shining.

　　 M: Let’s go on playing tennis, shall we？

　　 W: All right.

　　 Q: What was the weather like just now?　

10.　　 M: Can you tell me how people in western countries go shopping, Mary?

　　 W: Yes. They usually make shopping lists first and then go shopping.

　　 Q: What do people in western countries do before going shopping?

11.　　 W: Your favorite subject is math, isn’t it, Billy?

　　 M: Well, I used to like math best, but now I’m interested in physics. What about you, Mary?

　 W: I like music better than other subject.

　 Q: What subject did Billy like before?　

12.　 W: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the Shanghai Museum is?

　M: It’s in the People’s Square.

W: Is it far from here?

M: No. It’s ten minutes’ walk.

W: Thanks.

Q: Where is the woman going?

13. 　M: I prefer swimming to running.

W: Me, too. I swim once a week no matter it is summer or winter.

M: I swim only in summer.

Q: Which sport do the man and the woman like better?　

14. 　M: Can I help you, Madam?

W: Yes. I’d like to buy a watch for my son as a birthday present.

M: How about the black one? The price is 100 dollars. But you can have it at 10 percent off.

W: Ok. I’ll take it.

Q: How much will the woman pay for the watch?　

15. 　M: Your ticket, please.

W: Here you are.

　 　M: Row 16, seat 29. This way, please.

　 　Q: Where are the two speakers?

16. 　M: Hi, Jane. You’ve just been to the earthquake-stricken area, haven’t you?.

　 　　W: Yes. As a volunteer of the Red Cross, I went there with a medical team. .

　 　M: How was the situation there?

　 　W: It was awful. Many houses and roads were destroyed. People badly needed tents, clothes, medicine and even water.

　　 　Q: What did people need in the earthquake-stricken area?

1. My father is a nice baker. He is good at making bread.

2. After graduating from a medical school, Jude will work as a doctor.

3. It’s fun to fly a kite with friends on a windy day.

4. Allen keeps in touch with her friends through chatting on the Internet.

5. We can take various activities after school.

6. It’s 5 degrees below zero. People wear thick clothes.　

106. Write at least 60 words about the topic “My View on Friends”. ( 以“朋友之我见”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，短文开头已给出，标点符号不占格。)

( 注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。)

The following questions should be included(短文须包含下列问题的内容):

1)What’s your view on friends?

2)How are the friends around you?

3)What do you usually do with your friends?(give at least two examples)

4)How do you keep friendship with your friends? And why?

You can begin like this:

In my opinion, friends…

黄浦区2009年初三英语学业模拟测评答案及评分参考

Part One Listening

1~6 C AGEFB　 7~16 BBADBAACBB　 17~23 TFTTFTT

24.Service　 25. months　 26. wrong　 27. work

28. thirty　　 29. hours’　 30. mistakes　

Part 2　 Vocabulary and Grammar

31~36 DBACAB　 37~42 BDDBAB　　 43~48 DCCBAC　 49~56 BDAACCAA

Part 3　 Reading and Writing

57. teaches　 58. British　 59. angrily　 60. impossible　 61. honest　

62. natural 63. Organization　 64. Staying

65. didn’t realize/ hardly realize　 66. How soon　 67. not, but　 68. What a　 69. will be　 70. will be

71~77 TFTTFTF

78~84 BBDABDB　

以上各题1分一题

85~91 ACBBAAC

92. number　 93. back　 94. men　 95. journey　 96. spent　 97. but　 98. again

以上各题2分一题。92题大小写错不扣分。93、97题，词义对，词形错，得1分。

99. She lived on the side of the valley.

100. No, it wasn’t.

101. Five.

102. Because she had already four/ a lot of children to support./ Because life would be even harder when another family joined them/ Because she /her family was poor…(任何意思对的答案都应给分)

103. At the end of the First World War.

104. Anna.

105. Because she was once helped by the poor. The poor once helped her. (任何意思对的答案都应给分)

以上各题2分一题。意思对，语法错/拼写错得1分。每题语法错/拼写错扣分不超过1分。意思错、不得分。

106．答案略

内容分值7分: 问题1) 1分,问题2)1分, 问题3) 3分, 问题4) 2分.

语言分值8分: 按中考相关要求.

结构分值3分: 按中考相关要求.

Paper One　 Listening

A. True or False(判断下列句子是否符合短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示)： (7分)

About fifty years ago, when television first came out, people thought that radio was no longer useful. Television has both sounds and pictures. It is much more real and interesting to watch television than to listen to the radio.

However, fifty years later radio is still very popular and it will be here for a long time. One reason is that we don’t need to see pictures when we listen to music on the radio. In fact, listening with your eyes closed is the best way to listen to a piece of music. You can think yourself on a sandy beach or up high on a mountain. In other words, you can create or make your own picture.

Moreover, while listening to the radio, you don’t have to take your eyes off your work. For example, you can listen to the radio and drive at the same time. Or you can read a book and listen to the radio. Television, on the other hand, doesn’t have this advantage.

A radio is much smaller than a television. You can take a radio anywhere and turn it on anytime you want. In a quiet place you can use headphones to listen to the news or music on the radio. In this way you won’t disturb anybody. Moreover, a radio is much cheaper than a television. For less than $ 20 you can buy a small radio and have fun with it.

Which is better, radio or television?

71. Television was not available in 1920s.

72. Radio is no longer useful since television came out.

73. Television provides both sounds and pictures, which is more real and interesting. 　

74. While you listen to music with your eyes closed, you can create your own pictures.

75. According to the passage, you can do something else while watching television.

76. A radio can be taken to anyplace because it is smaller than a television. 　

77. In the author’s opinion, television is better than radio.

B. Choose the best answer(根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案): ( 7分)

Following are opinions on the manner (举止) that people in the United States usually expect in various social situations.

Men usually shake hands with each other when they meet for the first time, but shake hands with women only if the woman extends her hand first. Women do not usually shake hands with each other.

After the first meeting, shaking hands is unusual. However, if someone offers his or her hand by chance, one is expected to shake it. In general, people in the United States avoid (避免) physical touch with each other, since physical touch often suggests sexual attraction or attack.

Although, it has been noted, first names are used more often in the United States than elsewhere, this practice is generally accepted by the rules of etiquette(礼仪). Thus, while it is proper for the foreign student to address people of about his or her own age and status(身份) by their first name, the student would be expected to use “Mr.”, “Mrs.”, “Miss” or “Ms.” and the person’s last name in addressing to another person who is clearly older than the student. (On the other hand, the old person will probably address the student by his or her first name from the beginning.) If the other person being addressed has a title such as “Doctor” or “Dean”, the student should use that title and last name. For example, Doctor Edward Kennedy would be addressed as “Doctor Kennedy”. Any faculty (全体教员) member can be addressed as “Professor”, no matter whether he or she holds the rank (头衔) of Assistant (辅助的) Professor, Associate (副的) Professor, or full Professor. Equally acceptable are “Mr.”, “Mrs.”, etc.

78. Men won’t shake hands with women until the woman ________.

A. says “Yes”

B. extends her hand first 　

C. allows to

D. was once met

79. According to the passage, it is not common that women shake hands ________ .

A. with children

B. with the same sex (性别)

C. with old people

D. with man

80. If the man you meet for the second time wants to shake hands with you, you just________ .

A. tell him that it s not good for men to shake hands again

B. refuse his hand-shaking

C. smile but then refuse

D. take his hand

81. If your classmate’s name is John Smith, it is better for you to call him ________ .

A. John

B. Smith　　　　

C. Mr Smith 　　　　

D. Mr John Smith

82. The underlined (划线的) word “address” in the passage most probably means ________ .

　　　 A. write a letter to

　　　 B. speak to　　

C. ask somebody to give his address

　　　 D. write the address on the envelope

83. Which of the following is wrong?

　　　 A. Americans use first name more often than people in any other country.

　　　 B. You use Mr. or Mrs. and the last name in addressing a person who is older than you.

　　　 C. You can call Professor Edward Kennedy Mr. Kennedy.

　　　 D. It’s impolite for older people to call young people by their first names.

84. The passage is mainly about ________ .

A. shaking hands

　　　 B. the manner in American social situations

C. people’s opinion on conversation

　　　 D. meeting people

C. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage(选择最恰当的单词或词语完

成短文):(14分)

When the young man starts to earn his own living, he becomes free from discipline (纪律) of school and parents; but at the same time he is forced to be 　　85　 　, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to 　　86　 　　if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go　 87　 . And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, however, he works hard, 　88　 　　trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of seeing himself make steady progress in his job and of building up for himself his own position in society.

Old age has always been thought of as the worst age to be; but it is not necessary for the old to be unhappy. Old age should come with 　　89　 　and the ability to help others with advice wisely given. The old can have the 　　90 　　of seeing their children making progress in life; they can watch their 　　91　　 growing up around them; and, perhaps best of all, they can, if their life has been a useful one, feel the happiness of having come through the battle of life safely and of having reached a time when they can lie back and rest, leaving others to continue to fight.

85. A. responsible 　　　　　　　 B. helpful 　　　 　　　　　 C. useful 　　　 　　 　　　 D. careful

86. A. play 　　 　　　 　　　　　 B. study 　　　 　　　 　　　 C. work　 　　　 　　 　　　 D. learn

87. A. wrong　 　　　 　　 　　　 B. hungry　　　　　　　 　　　 C. bad　　 　　　 　　 　　　 D. full

88. A. gives away　　　　　 　　　 B. keeps off　　　　　 　　　 C. runs away 　　　　　　　　　 D. turns on

89. A. wisdom 　　　 　　　 　　　 B. sadness 　　 　　　 　　　 C. chance 　　 　　　　　 D. carefulness

90. A. joy 　　　　　　　　　 B. right 　　　　 　　　 　　　 C. success 　　 　　　　　 D. reason 　

91. A. sons 　 　　　　　　　 B. daughters 　　　　 　　　 C. grandchildren 　 　　　 D. relatives

D. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，

使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给):(14分)

Americans think that travel is good for people. Some even think it can help one of the country’s worst problem-crime. (犯罪)

Crime worries a lot of people. Every year, the n 　　92　 　of crimes goes up and up. They often come from sad homes, with only one parent or no parents at all. There are problems with drugs. (毒品)

There are many young criminals (罪犯) in prison. But prison doesn’t change them--60 to 70 percent will go b　 93　 　to crime when they come out of prison.

One man, Bob Burton, thought of a new idea. In the old days, young men had to live a hard life on the road. They learned to be strong and brave, and to help their friends in time of danger. This helped them to grow into m　 　94　　 . So Bob started “Vision Quest” (幻想探究).

He takes young criminals on a long, long j　 95　 　　with horses and wagons (马车) 3,000 miles through 7 states. They are on the road for more than one year.

The young people on Vision Quest all have bad problems. Most of them have already s 　96 　time in prison. This is their last chance.

It’s hard work on the road. The day starts before the sun comes up. The boys and the girls have to feed the horses. Some of them have never loved anyone before, b　 97　 　they can love their horses. That love can help them to start a new life.

Not all young people in Vision Quest will leave crime behind them. 30 or 40 percent will one day be in prison a　 98　 . But that’s a lot better than 60 or 70 percent. Bob is right. Travel can be good for them.

E. Answer the questions(根据短文内容回答下列问题): ( 14分)

Anna lived on the side of a valley (山谷). One winter, there was a very big flood, and a lot of houses down below Anna’s house were washed away. Anna’s house was high enough to escape the flood, so when the water had disappeared and the other houses were standing there with no roofs and walls and all covered with mud, her house was still quite all right. That year Anna’s was very lucky.

Her house was quite small and there were only two small bedrooms, her husband was dead when the children were very young, and she had four children, but Anna took in one of the families that had lost everything in the flood and she shared her home with them until it was possible for them to rebuild their house.

Anna’s friends were very puzzled (困惑) when they saw Anna do this. They could not understand why Anna wanted to give herself so much more work and trouble when she had already quite a lot of children to support. Life would be even harder when another family joined them.

“Well,” Anna explained to her friends, “at the end of the First World War, a woman in the town where I then lived in Germany found herself very poor, because her husband had been killed in the war and she had a lot of children, as I have now.”

“The day before Christmas, this woman said to her children, ‘We won’t have much for Christmas this year, so I am going to get only one gift for all of us and I am sure we will all be glad to have it. Now I’ll go and get it.’ She came back with a little girl who was even poorer than they, and who had no parents. ‘Here is our gift,’ she said to her children.”

“The children were very excited and happy to get such a gift. They welcomed the little girl, and she grew up as their sister, I was just that Christmas gift.”

99. 　Where did Anna live?

100. Was her house washed away in the big flood?

101. How many people were there in Anna’s family?

102. Why were Anna’s friends puzzled when she shared her house with a family that had lost

everything?

103. When did Anna live in Germany?

104. Who was once given as a Christmas gift to a poor family?

105. Why was Anna willing to help the poor?