1、语法上一致 (1)以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，主语为复数时，谓语用复数，如， To work hard is necessary for a student. (2)用and或both……and连接的并列主语，谓语动词用复数， 如， Both he and I are right. 　但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数， 如, His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. 　 (3)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with, like等，谓语动词仍用单数， 如，The teacher as well as his students is excited. (4)某些不定代词，如做主语，谓语动词要用单数，如:Everyone has a book. (5)一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数， 如，A lot of people are dancing outside.

例2、The way _______　 these comrades look at problems is wrong. 　 A. where 　B. in that 　C.X 　D. with which 　 解析：该题答案为C，先行词是way，定语从句中用that或 in which来引导或不填。

例3， ____a long time since I saw you last time. 　 A．It was 　B. It is 　C. It had been 　D. It can be 　　 解析：该题答案为B，It is +时间数+ since引导的从句是一个句型，意为"从…时候以来过了多久了。" 　 主谓一致

3、状语从句 在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、条件状语、行为方式状语、比较状语、让步状语等多种。

2、定语从句 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和关系副词when, where, why。 (1)that指物时一般可与which互换，但在下列情况下，要用that而不用which。 a. 先行词有all, everything等不定代词时，如， 　 Everything (that) he did is wrong. b. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，如， 　 I'll read all the books (that) you lend me. c. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时， 　 This is the first letter (that) the boy has written. d. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如 　 He is the very man (that) I'm looking for. e. 只用which的情况 在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中 　 This is the book about which we have talked a lot. 　 The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting. f. where和when作关系副词 　 This is the room where I worked. 　 This is the room which I stayed in. 　 I remembered the day when we lived there. 　 I remembered the day that I spent there. g. as和which as 可以放于句首，而which 不可以 　 As you know, he is good at English. 　 three of them 和three of which 　 I have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian. 　　 I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.

1、 名词性从句 (1) 主语从句 What he wants is a piece of paper. It is believed that he can solve the problem. 注：主语从句的谓语动词用单数。 (2)宾语从句 I don't know how to solve the problem. Do you know where he lives? (3)表语从句 The problem is who can help me. This is why I came here. (4)同位语从句 I have no idea where he went. I heard the news that he would come. 同位语从句用that引导，常跟在fact, idea, news, promise, thought, message, hope, belief, doubt等词后，that在从句中不作任何成分。

例2，Let's go out for a walk, _______ ? 　　 A. will you 　B. won't you 　C. shall we 　D. do we 　　 解析：该题答案为C，let's…后加上shall we来表语气婉转、客气，而在let us后加上will you。

例3，He hardly writes to you, _______ ? 　　 A. doesn't he 　B. does he 　C. do they 　D. has he 　　 解析：该题答案为B，hardly否定副词，反问部分要用肯定形式。

各种从句

4、祈使句 Take care! Don't stand there. Please open the door for the old lady.

3、感叹句 用what或how, What a beautiful park it is. How beautiful a park it is. How beautiful the park is. How we worked!

2、反意疑问句 (1) need和dare 既可作情态动词，又可作实意动词，在反问部分须加以区别， 如We needn't leave, need we? We don't need to leave, do we? (2) 陈述部分出现否定意义的副词或代词如never, seldom, few, hardly, little等时，反问部分须用肯定形式如： He seldom comes, does he? (3) 陈述部分用不定代词作主语时，反问部分的主语用it ，如：Nothing can stop me, can it? 陈述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone，等作主语时，反问部分常用it，有时也用they，如:Everybody knows that, don't they? (4) 陈述部分包括used to 时，反问部分可有两种形式， 如: You used to get up early, usedn't (didn't) you? (5) 陈述部分是"there + be"结构时，反问部分用there，如:There's something wrong with you, isn't there? (6) 陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，反问部分的主语和谓语应和主句保持一致， 如: He never told others what he thought, did he? 　但，如果是I think , I believe等 +宾语从句时，反问部分须和从句的动词保持一致， 如，I don't think he is right, is he? 　　 I don't believe he does that, does he?

1、陈述句的否定

(1) 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词是think, expect, believe, suppose, 　 guess, fancy, imagine等，且主句主语是第一人称时，宾语从句谓语的否定习惯上要移到主句谓语上，如: I don't think he is right. (2) 含有否定意义的副词never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely的句子应视为否定句， 　 如: I have never been there before.