8、短周期元素A、B、C原子序数依次递增，它们的原子的最外层电子数之和为10。A与C在周期表中同主族，B原子最外层电子数等于A原子次外层电子数。下列叙述正确的是　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　 )

A．原子半径A<B<C　 　　　　　　　　B．A的氢化物的稳定性小于C的氢化物

C．B的氧化物的熔点比A氧化物高 　　D．A与C可形成离子化合物

7、短周期元素X、Y、Z在周期表中的位置关系如图所示，已知X最外层电子数为2，则下列叙述中正确的是　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (　　 )

　　 A．Z一定是活泼的金属元素　 B．Y的最高价氧化物的水化物是一种强酸

　　 C．Y的氢化物稳定性大于Z的氢化物稳定性

　　 D．X、Y、Z各元素的最高正价与最低负价的绝对值之和均为8

6、X、Y、Z、W为四种短周期主族元素。其中X、Z同族，Y、Z同周期，W与X、Y既不同族也不同周期；X原子最外层电子数是核外电子层数的3倍；Y的最高正价与最低负价的代数和为6。下列说法正确的是　　　　　　　　　　 (　　 )

① Y元素最高价氧化物对应水化物的化学式为H₂YO₄

② 原子半径由小到大的顺序为：W<X<Y<Z

③ X与W可以形成W₂X、W₂X₂两种氧化物

④ Y、Z两元素的气态氢化物中，Z的气态氢化物最稳定

A．①②　　 B．②③　　 C．①④　　　 D．③④

5、下列说法正确的是　　　　　　　　　　　 (　　 )　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

A．元素周期表中有7个主族，7个副族，

共14个纵行

B．N元素位于第2周期第ⅢA族

C．金属性最强的元素是Li　　　　　　　

D．非金属性最强的元素是F

4、右图中每条折线表示周期表ⅣA~ⅦA中的某一族元素氢化物的沸点变化，每个小黑点代表一种氢化物，其中a点代表的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (　　 )

A．H₂S　　 B．HCl　 C．PH₃　　 　 D．SiH₄

3、下列各组元素性质递变情况错误的是　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (　　 )

A．Li、Be、B原子最外层电子数逐渐增多　　 B．N、O、F原子半径依次增大

C．P、S、Cl最高正价依次升高　　　　　　　 D．Li、Na、K、Rb的金属性依次增强

2、不能说明氧元素比硫元素非金属性强的事实是　 　　　　　　　　　　　 (　　 )

A、热稳定性H₂O比H₂S强 　　　　　　　　　　 B、H₂S水溶液在空气中变浑浊　

C、H₂O比H₂S的沸点高　　

D.在一定条件下，O₂与Cu反应生成CuO，S与Cu反应生成Cu₂S

1、X、Y是元素周期表ⅦA族中的两种元素。下列叙述中能说明X的非金属性比Y强的是　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (　　 )

　　　 A．X原子的电子层数比Y原子的电子层数多

　　　 B．X的氢化物的沸点比Y的氢化物的沸点低

　　　 C．X的气态氢化物比Y的气态氢化物稳定

　　　 D．Y的单质能将X从NaX的溶液中置换出来

49. "the way…"结构 　I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed. 　50. 复杂宾补结构来源： 　In recent years, the development of sensitive and accurate measuring equipment has made it possible to measure the acuity of hearing of any individual at different frequencies. 　51. 某些分隔结构 　1) 动词短语相关部分被分隔(当"make use of "，"take notice of"，"pay attention to"，等动词短语变成被动语态时)。 　Use is made of solar energy in heating houses. 　2)双重定语引起的分隔。 　But there is of culture another view, in which not solely the scientific passion, the sheer desire to see things as they are, natural and proper in an intelligent being, appears as the ground of it. 　52. "to be doing…when…"是一个句型，多译为"某人正在做……时，突然……"。在简单的句子中容易看出，一旦句子变得复杂一些，可能就不太容易识别这种句型。 　She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night, and were walking home together at about 10 o'clock, when a "very big, very tall man", accosted them and demanded their purses. 　53. "too…to"句型 　Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all. 　54. "so much that…"句型 　But he developed gradually a very musical English. He learnt to write sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much that he could never have enough of it. 　55. "when"引导状语从句有时并不好译，不能一看到when从句就考虑译为"当……的时候"，它还有许多种译法。 　Anything is better than not to write clearly. There is nothing to be said against lucidity, and against simplicity only the possibility of dryness. This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig. 　56. "not…because…"，有时可否定前面，有时可否定because本身，往往出现歧义。应根据上下文面判定。 　In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was; nor, because she had more readers, was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins. 　57. "so…that, such…that"是一个普通的句型，但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见。 　The truth is, that in one point of view, this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us, that in some sense we must turn bullies, else the day is lost, or superiority so far beyond us, that we can hardly say it will ever be ours. 　58. "by doing…"结构。这个结构的意思是"通过(做)……"，但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义，不少情况下需要灵活变通。 　The hippos, by depositing dung in the water, fed the fish that support the storks that destroy the rare trees. 　59. 下面例句为一倒装句，主语很长，而且又含有非常复杂的句型。这是以形容词作表语的倒装，翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面。 　No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences resulting in a poorer life less full of meaning. 　60. "what…of"句型 　I can not say of myself what Johnson said of Pope: He never passed a fault unamended by indifference, nor quitted it by despair. I do not write as I do; I write as I can. 　61. 英语的一个习惯用法是：当否定谓语think(believe)时，实际上是否定其后面的宾语从句。否定就落在宾语从句上。这样宾语从句就变成了双重否定，译时可以按双重否定译，也可按肯定来译。 　It is a valuable work. I do not think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from it. 　62. "to have not…(as) to see…"中的不定式也有否定意味。 　He had not the good breeding to see that simplicity and naturalness are the truest marks of distinction. 　63. "It occurred to sb. that…"意为"突然想到"，"It dawned on sb.that…"."突然想起"等。 从句是想起的内容。 　I remember once being on a bus and looking at a stranger. He suddenly looked back at me-i.e.our eyes met. My instinctive reaction was to avert my gaze. It occurred to me that if I had continued to maintain eye contact, I would have been rude and aggressive. 　64. "It follows that…"="It happens as a result…"常常被译为"由此可见"，"因此"，"从前"，"可以推断"等等。 　It follows that the housewife will also expect to be able to have more leisure in her life without lowering her standard of living. It also follows that human domestic servants will have completely ceased to exist. 　65. "that's all there is to it"，意思是"也不过如此而已"。可根据上下文视情况处理。 　If I'm touched, I'm touched-that's all there is to it. 　66. "The chances are that…"是一句型，译为"有可能……"。 　The chances are you will never attempt that speed with poetry or want to race though some passages in fiction over which you wish to linger. 　67. Feel, see, leave引起宾语的宾语补足语，或在被动语态中引起主语补足语的某些惯用句型，有时see和feel这两个词的被动式不大好译。遇到这种情况应挖掘其深层含义，不要拘泥于表面形式。 　The education of the young is seen to be of primary importance. 　68. 某此以no, nowhere, never, not…bout, not…any, nothing but, hardly, scarcely, seldom等否定词语引出的一些结构。 　I never go past the theatre but I think of his last performance. 　69. 某些用choice between, to know better, whether or, should have avoided(或done better)等表示从两种做法中选取一种更好的做法。 　Then we are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfil needs which have hitherto been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of libing. 　70. 某些省略情况，应清单确认省略的内容。 　The country had grown rich, its commerce was large, and wealth did its natural work in making life softer and more worldly, commerce in deprovincializing the minds of those engaged in it. 　71. 修饰成分(包括定语、定语从句、同位语从句等)多而长。 　Across the court from the Manhattan apartment that I have occupied for the past few years is a dog that often hurls insults into the darkness, a few of which my dog refuses to accept and makes a tart reply. 　72. 一些外位语，所谓外位修饰，指从句子结构和内容上不起主要信息表达功能的部分。其作用是从语气和连接上下文等方面进行补充。在翻译成汉语时，往往可独立成句，外形上不保留修饰的痕迹。 　Of course, nobody was hurt this time, because we had all been to dinner, none of us being novices excepting Hastings; and he having been informed by the minister at the time that he invited him that in deference to the English custom the had not provided any dinner.

25. "as…,so…"结构，这里的"so"的意思是"in the same way"(也是如此)。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。 　As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart. 　26. "if any"结构，"if any"和"if ever"，意思是"果真有……"，"即使有……"，表示加强语气。与此类似的还有："if anything"(如有不同的话，如果稍有区别)，"if a day"(=at least，至少)。 　There is little, if any, hope. 　27. "be it ever(never)so"和"let it be ever(never)so"结构，这里，"be it"中的"be"是古英语假设语气的遗留形式，现代英语则使用"let it be"。"ever so"和"never so"都表示同一意思，都表示"very"。 　Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home. 　28. "the last+不定式"和"the last +定语从词"结构，这种结构中的"last"意思是"the least likely"，用于否定性推论。可译为"最不大可能的"，"最不合适的"，由原意的"最后一个……"变成"最不可能……的一个"。 　He is the last man to accept a bride.来源：考试大 　29. "so…that…"句型，这个句型的意思是"如此……，以致于……"，但在翻译成汉语时，许多情况下，并不是一定要译成"如此……以致于……"，而是变通表达其含义。 　He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up. 　30. "more + than+原级形容词(副词)"结构，这是将不同性质加以比较，其中的"more"有"rather"的意思。 　It is more than probable that he will fall. 　31. "more than +动词"结构，这种结构表示动词的程度，可译为"异常"，"岂止"，"十二分地"等。 　This more than satisfied me. 　32. "good and …"的副词用法，译为"非常"，"很"等。类似还有"nice and …", "fine and …," "lovely and …", "bright and …", "rare and …", "big and …"等，均表示程度。 　The apples are good and ripe. 　33. "and that"结构，这个"and that"应译为"而且……"，表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强，"that"代表前面的整个陈述部分。 　Return to your work , and that at once. 　34. "at once…and"结构，这个结构译为"既……又……"，起相关连接的作用，相当于"both…and…"。 　The novel is at once pleasing and instructive. 　35. "in that…"结构，这个结构的意思是"在那一点上(方面)"，可译为"因为"。类似的结构还有"in this…"。 　The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs. 　36. "the name notwithstanding"结构，这个结构中"notwithstanding"是介词，这个介词可以置前，可以置后，比如也可写成："notwithstanding the name"。起让步状语的作用。 　Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored. But this is an entirely wrong conception, the name notwithstanding. 　37. "Every…not"和"All…not"结构，"Every…not"表示"不见得每个……都是……";"All…not"表示"不见得所有……都是……"的意思。 　Every man is not polite, and all are not born gentlemen. 　38. "may as well not…as"结构，此结构可译为"与其……不如不……"。 　One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly. 　39. "have only to …do"结构，此结构表示"只须(消)……就能……"的意思。 　We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it. 　40. "not (no) …unless…"句型 　No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed. 　41. "better…than…"句型 　Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love. 　42. "as it were"是一个非常常用的插入语，意思是"好象"，"可以说"等。 　Apiece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it , feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment. 　43. 复杂结构，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定语从句过长，把谓语must realize提到定语从句之前。 　Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature, I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest. Plainly enough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office. 　44. "not…any more than…"为："不能……，正如不能……"。 　One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool. 　45. "By that as it may"是"Let it be that as it may"的省略形式，是由"be"引起的另外一种假设结构，意思是"虽然如此，尽管这样"。 　It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula. Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison. 　46. "if at all"是一个由"if"引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为"即将……"，"即使……"等。 　I can see only with great difficulty, if at all. 　47. 由there引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构. 　There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accurate than wine will explore its remote corners. 　48. "range from …to…"结构。这是一个常见结构，译时很多情况下应变通处理，不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。 　Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals.