5．其他介词

　 You are wanted on the phone. 有电话找你。

　 He is known to everybody. 大家都认识他。

　 She was caught in the rain. 她遭雨淋了。

　 注意：

　 动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示，但被动语态句子中的by短语并不总是表示动作执行者。

　 A policeman is known by the clothes he wears. 警察可以通过他的服装辨认出来。(by表示方式)

　 He was much flattered by her asking him to dinner. 她邀请他吃晚饭，他受宠若惊了。(by表示原因)

　 The snow was piled high by the gate. 门口雪堆积得很高。(by表示地点)

4．of表示用某种材料制成(看得出原材料)

　 The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是用木头做的。

3．from表示源于某种物质(看不出原材料)

　 Good wine is made from grain. 好酒是粮食制成的。　　　

2．with表示用某种工具

　 The wolf was killed with a gun. 狼被枪打死了。

　 The field was spread with wild flowers. 田野里野花遍地。

1．by表示动作的执行者或施加者

　 By whom is the book written 这本书是谁写的？

　 The children were driven indoors by the rain. 孩子们被雨赶进了室内。

10. 过去将来完成时

　 主动语态：would have done

　 被动语态：would have been done

　 I said we would have cleaned the classroom by 500. 我说我们将在五点之前打扫完教室。

　 I said the classroom would have been cleaned by 500. 我说教室将在五点以前打扫完。

　 The headmaster said the article would have been translated by the end of next month. 校长说文章将在下月底翻译好。

　 The day was drawing near when the dam would have been completed. 大坝完工的日子不远了。

　 He told me that preparations would have been finished by 600. 他告诉我准备工作将在六点前完成。

　 B. “get+过去分词”结构

　 被动语态除常用“be +过去分词”构成外，还可用“get+过去分词”结构。这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果。

　 The boy got hurt when he was riding to school. 那孩子骑车上学时受伤了。

　 Did your letter get answered 你收到回信了吗？

　 注意：

　 用“get+过去分词”结构时，其后的动作执行者(即by短语)一般不表示出来。

　 Finally his bike got repaired. 最后他的自行车得到了修理。

　 As I passed by, my skirt got caught on a nail. 我经过的时候，我的裙子被钉子挂住了。

　 C．“seemappear +过去分词”结构

　 有时“seemappear +过去分词”也可以构成被动语态。

　 She seemed annoyed by his words. 她似乎被他的话搞得很恼火。

　 The house appears deserted. 这房子好像没人居住。

　 提示：

　 并不是所有的“be+过去分词”结构中的be都能被get或seem, appear等词代替。

　 [误]She got born in a small village.

　 [正]She was born in a small village. 她出生在一个小村庄。

　 [误]The old man got offered a large sum of money.

　 [正]The old man was offered a large sum of money. 这位老人获得了一大笔钱。

　 [误]Colin got caught cheating in the exam.

　 [正]Colin were caught cheating in the exam. 科林考试作弊被抓住了。

　 D．被动语态中常用的介词

9. 将来完成时

　 主动语态：willshall have done

　 被动语态：willshall have been done

　 We will have cleaned the classroom by five o'clock. 我们将在五点之前打扫完教室。

　 The classroom will have been cleaned by five o'clock. 教室将在五点以前打扫完。

　 The new books will have been entered in the register before another parcel arrives. 这些新书在下一批书到来前将登记完毕。

　 How many expressways will have been completed by the end of next year　 到明年年底将建成多少条高速公路？

　 Before you return my work will have been done. 你回来前我的工作将会做完。

8. 过去完成时

　 主动语态：had done

　 被动语态：had been done

　 The classroom looked tidy. We had cleaned it. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫过了。

　 The classroom looked tidy. It had been cleaned. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫过了。

　 His newly written novel had been translated into English by the end of last month.上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。

　 She told me that she had been dismissed by her boss.　 她告诉我，她的老板已把她解雇了。

　 Her homework had not been finished when I got home. 我到家的时候，她的作业还没有完成。

7. 现在完成时

　 主动语态：hashave done

　 被动语态：hashave been done

　 The classroom looks tidy. We have cleaned it. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫了。

　 The classroom looks tidy. It has been cleaned. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫了

　 Many foreign films have been shown on TV since last month. 上个月以来，电视中播放了许多外国影片。

　 The radio has not been turned on yet. 收音机还没开。

　 Has a new training centre been set up in our town　 我们镇上新的培训中心建好了吗？

6. 过去进行时

　 主动语态：waswere doing

　 被动语态：waswere being done

　 We were cleaning the classroom this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们在打扫教室。

　 The classroom was being cleaned this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫

　 The teaching plan was being discussed at that time. 那时正在讨论教学计划。

　 Was the TV set being fixed this time yesterday 昨天这个时候电视机正在被修理吗？

　 The house was being painted when we arrived at his home. 我们到他家时，他家房子正在粉刷。