2. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.当他转过身时，(她发现)Gladys站在那儿。

[解释] there stood Gladys Claffern倒装句。在谓语为动词go, come, run, stand, live等表示位置转移的动词及be动词的句子中,为了强调句子中一些副词there, here, up, down, in, out, away等，可将副词置于句首，若这时主语是名词，句子用全倒装；若是代词，则不用倒装。

[典例]

1) There comes the teacher and her students.老师和她的学生们来了。

2) Out rushed the boys.男孩们冲了出去。

[练习] 汉译英

1) 年轻的母亲抱着手里两个月大的婴儿跑开了。

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2) 走进来了生气的老板和他的秘书。

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Keys: 1) Away ran the mother with a two-month-old baby in her arms.　 2) In came the angry boss and his secretary.

1. Claire didn’t want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed.

克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里，特别是在她丈夫离加三周的这个期间。但是，克莱尔被拉里说服了。他说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会让别人来伤害她。

[解释] to be harmed：动词不定式的被动语态。

[典例]

1) All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.所有的这些礼物必须及时邮寄，以便在圣诞节及时收到。

2) It remains to be seen whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals.吉姆最后是否适合演出仍将拭目以待。

[练习] 汉译英

1) 小汤姆假装被射中了哭喊着要糖吃。2) 此药得一日三次，饭后服用。

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Keys: 1)Little Tom pretended to be shot and cried for a candy. 2) The medicine is required to be taken three times a day after meals.

6.　 be bound to 一定做……

[典例]

1) We missed the bus. We're bound to be late.我们错过了那趟车，我们肯定要迟到了。

2) She's bound to be mayor.她注定会成为市长。

[练习] 汉译英

1)他那么用功，一定会成功的。

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2)这项新发现对于人类必定大有用处。

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Keys: 1) With much hard work, he is bound to succeed. 2) The new discovery is bound to be of great service to mankind.

VI 重点句子 (旨在提供句子结构等所需材料)

5.　　　 set aside　 将……放在一边;节省或保留(时间,金钱)

[短语归纳]

set down写下,记下

set off开始动身(for a place)

set up创立，建立，搭起

set out出发，着手做某事(to do sth.)

set about doing 着手做，开始做……

[典例]

1) Would you please set aside some time to listen to my real idea?你可以腾出点时间听听我的想法吗?

2) The department set aside the things they were doing and concentrated on a more urgent task.这个部门的成员放下手头的事情,全力以赴一项更紧急的任务.

[练习] 汉译英

1) 父亲放下报纸点了一支烟。

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2) 他努力工作省下钱给他儿子上大学。

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Keys: 1) Father set aside the newspaper and lit a cigarette. 2) He is working hard to set aside some money for his son to go to college.

4.　　　 leave…alone　 不打扰

[短语归纳]

leave behind留下,遗留

leave aside(把某事)搁置一边

leave for出发前往

leave out省去,遗漏,不考虑

[典例]

1) Leave him alone and he will produce. 别打扰他，他会写出来的。

2) He was asked to leave for another city in 24 hours.他被要求24小时内离开到另一个城市去。

3) The teacher required us to leave out some unnecessary words in our essays.老师让我们将论文中不必要的词语省去。

4) You shouldn’t have left Andy alone in the mountains; it was very dangerous.你不该将Andy留在山上，因为那非常危险。

[练习] 汉译英

1) 老板捐款潜逃了，只留下一间空厂房。

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2) 听到警报，警察丢下家人冲出去看发生了什么事。

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Keys: 1) The boss escaped with all his fortune and left an empty factory behind. 2) Hearing the alarm, the policeman left his family behind and rushed out to see what happened.

3.　　　 turn around　 转向　

[典例]

1) He heard a voice but when he turned around, he saw nobody.他听到声音，但转身却没发现有人。

2) As he walked towards the hotel, he suddenly turned around and found an old lady following him.当他朝旅馆走去时，突然转身发现一个老妇人跟着他。

[短语归纳]

turn away把(脸)转过去

turn against背叛,反抗

turn on/off打开/关掉

turn up出现/调大(音量)

turn down拒绝,调小(音量)

turn out结果是;证明是;

[练习] 汉译英

1) 那年轻的女士无法想象要是她的丈夫背叛她的话会是怎么样。

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2) 虽然贫穷，但是女孩毅然地拒绝了别人的帮助。

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Keys: 1) The young lady cannot imagine what if her husband turns against her. 2) Though poor, the girl turned down others’ help firmly.

2.　　　 ring up　 打电话给……

[短语归纳]

ring back回电话

ring off 挂断电话;停止讲话

ring a bell唤醒经常是模糊的记忆

ring up the curtain 开始：开始一场演出，一个事件或一次行动

[典例]

1) I have to ring off now because my friend is waiting for me.我朋友在等我，我得挂电话了。

2) On arriving at the airport, he rang up his mother to say everything was ok.一到达机场，他就打电话给他母亲报平安。

[练习] 汉译英

1) 今早他刚起床就有人给他打电话了。

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2) 见到老板进来，他赶紧挂断电话假装在工作。

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Keys: 1) The moment he got up this morning , someone rang him up.　 2) Seeing his boss coming, he hurried to ring off and pretended to be working.

1.　　　 test out　 考验；试验

[典例]

1) This model had been tested out before it was put into production.这个型号经过试验后才进行大批量生产。

2) Before the lecture, the professor is used to testing out the whole experiment.上课前，这个教授习惯先将整个实验试验一番。

[短语归纳]

test on sb./sth.在……(身上)做实验/试验

have/take a test in　 参加……考试

[练习] 汉译英

1) 成千上万的人们将参加这周日的公务员考试。

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2) 那个咨询顾问习惯先将新的政策在他自己的公司里进行实验。

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Keys: 1) Tens of thousands of people will take an entrance test for government officers this Sunday. 2) The consultant would test the new policy on his own company first.

7.　　　　 envy vt.嫉妒

[重点用法]

envy sb. sth.妒忌/羡慕某人某物

become the envy of sb.成为令人嫉妒/羡慕的事物

be in envy of one’s success羡慕某人的成功

out of envy出于嫉妒/羡慕

[典例]

1) All her workmates envied her (for) her promotion.所有的同事都羡慕她的晋升。

2) His talent for music becomes the envy of the other competitors.他在音乐方面的天分让其他人对手感到羡慕。

[练习] 汉译英

1) 他们的新房子受到邻居的羡慕。

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2) 出于妒忌，他作了伪证

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Keys: 1)Their new house made them the envy of their neighbors. 2)He made the fault witness out of envy.

V 重点词组　 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料)

6.　　　　 declare vt.宣布

[重点用法]

declare sth.宣布……

declare sb./sth. (to be) +n./adj.宣布……为……

declare that

declare war on/upon对…宣战

declare against/for…声明反对/赞成

[典例]

1) She declared that she didn't want to see him again. 她宣称她再也不愿见到他。

2) Soon they will declare him the owner of the house.很快他们就会宣布他为房子的主人。

3) The government passed a law that declared it illegal to catch and sell this kind of animals.

政府通过法律宣布捕捉贩卖这种动物是非法的。

[练习] 汉译英

1) 那个女明星最近宣称要嫁给一个富人然后退出舞台。

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2) 公司宣布老板的儿子依法成为公司继承人。

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Keys: 1) The popular actress declared recently that she would marry a rich gentleman and retire from the stage. 2) The company declared the son of the boss to be the successor by law.