1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.

老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。

　[解释] 这句话中的looking for places to hide 是作ran out of the fields 的伴随状况，这是动词的现在分词形式的一个用法。

现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

(1)现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。

While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。

Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。

(2)现在分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：

Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.

因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。 Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night.

因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。

(3)现在分词短语作结果状语。如：

His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。

She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.

她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。

(4)现在分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：

They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.

他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。

Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.

年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。

(5)现在分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如： A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small. 一个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 注：现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。

(6)“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+现在分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如： His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。 Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。

[练习] 中译英

1). 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2). 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

答案:

1). Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.

2). Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.

4. tens of thousands of 数以万计的

[典例]

1). Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.

[短语归纳]

hundreds of数百的　　　　　　　　　　 hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的

thousands of数千的　　　　　　 millions of数百万的

dozens of许多； 大量　　　　 scores of 许多； 大量

[练习] 选择填空

1). Every year ________ foreign visitors come to China.

A. tens of thousands of　　　　　　　　　　　 　 B. ten thousands of

C. over ten thousands　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　D. thousands upon thousands

2). There were ____________ people in the hall.

A. two scores of　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　B. scores of

C. two and score 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　D. two scores

答案: 1). A　　 2). B

V重点句子 (旨在提供句子结构等所需材料)

3. instead of　 代替，而不是

[典例]

1). The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks.　 中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。

2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time.　 杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。

3). She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.　

她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。

[短语归纳]

instead　　　　 是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“代替；相反”。

instead of　　　 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的动作，意为“代替、而不……”。

in place of　　　 为介词短语，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而instead of则是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，还有对乙作否定的意思，有时意为“不”。

take the place of　 作谓语，用在名词、代词前。

[练习] 单项选择。

1). Tractors _____________ horses in many places.

A. in place of　　 B. have taken the place of　 C. instead　 D. instead of

2). You should be out playing ___________ working indoors all day.

A. in spite of　　 B. take the place of　 C. instead　 D. instead of

答案:

1). B　　　 2). D　　　

2. at an end　 结束，终结(= finished)

[典例]

1). The war was finally at an end.　 战争终于结束了。

[短语归纳]

与end搭配的常用短语

at the end of　　 在……末尾　　　　　　 by the end of　　 在……末为止

in the end　　　 最后，终于　　　　　　 at a loose end　　 无所事事，处于杂乱状态

make ends meet　 收支相抵

[练习] 用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。

1). How many English words have you learned ____________ last term?

2). He became an outstanding doctor ___________.

3). My uncle will fly to China _________ this year.

答案: 1). by the end of　 2). in the end　　　　 3). at the end of

1. right away 立刻，马上

[典例]

1).I’ll return the book to you right away.　 我会马上还书给你。

2). If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.

如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。

[短语归纳]

“立刻，马上”的表达方式：

right away，right now，at once，immediately， in no time

[练习] 中译英

1). 请立刻把它打印出来。

答案: 1). I want it typed right away, please.

4. ruin v.&n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟(名词时常用复数)

[典例] 　

1). The hurricane ruined all the houses here.　 飓风使这里所有的房屋成为废墟。

2). He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 　他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。

[重点用法]

be in ruins　 呈一片废墟　　 fall into ruin　 变成废墟　 come to ruin　 毁灭，落空　

ruin oneself　 自我毁灭　　 bring sb. to ruin　 使毁灭

[练习] 中译英

1). 那建筑物已成断壁残垣。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2). 那教堂已破败不堪。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

答案:　 1). The building is in ruins.　 　

　　　 　 2). The church has fallen into ruin.

Ⅳ 重点词组　 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料)

3. judge n.&v. 法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计

[典例]

1). His father used to be a judge.　 他的父亲过去是一名法官。

2). She's a good judge of wine.　 她是鉴别酒的专家。

3). The blind can’t judge colors.　 盲人无法判断颜色。

4). Don’t judge a man by his looks.　 不要以貌取人。

[重点用法]

judge sb./ sth. by/from　 通过……判断……

as far as I judge　 我认为

judging from…　 从……来看， 根据……判断

[练习] 用与judge相关的词汇填空

1).　 ______his appearance, he must be a rich man.

2). _______ , he must be from the south.

答案: 1). Judging　 2). In her judgment

2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救

[典例]

1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.

警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。

2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.

营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。

3). Michael rescued a boy from drowning.　 迈克把溺水的男孩救了起来。

[重点用法]

rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp.　 把……..从……营救出来

come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb.　 援救某人　　 a rescue team　 救援队

a rescue mission　 救援任务　　　　　　　　　　　 rescue workers　 救援人员

[练习] 用rescue的适当形式填空

1). The mother, along with her two children, _________from the sinking boat by a passing ship.

2). The firemen ________ five children from the burning house yesterday.

答案: 1). has been rescued　 2). rescued

1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂

[典例]

1).The red balloon suddenly burst.　 那个红色的气球突然爆了。

2). The police burst through the door.　 警察破门而入。

3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying.　

一听到这则消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy则突然大哭起来。

4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.　

歌声结束后响起了一阵掌声。

[重点用法]

burst into laughter = burst out laughing　 突然大笑

burst into tears = burst out crying　 突然大哭

[练习] 中译英

1). 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2). 太阳突然从云端里露出来。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

答案: 1). Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.　　　

2). The sun burst through the clouds.

2．可用词汇与句型：the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for2008诺贝尔化学奖，Roger Y. Tsien 钱永健教授，

　　　 Harvard University哈佛大学，University of California San Diego School美国加州大学圣迭戈分校。

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

[答案]

　　　　　　　　　　 Roger Y. Tsien, A Nobel Prize Winner For 2008

　 Roger Y. Tsien, born in New York in 1952, is a Chinese American who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2008. His research has brought a revolution to the research and experiments on biology and medicine. His uncle is Xue Sen Tsien, a great Chinese famous scientist. Roger Y. Tsien is the seventh Chinese American scientist who is a Nobel Prize winner in the over-100-year history of the prize. At the age of 16, he got the Nobel Prize for Youngsters in USA. Later, he studied in Harvard University and got bachelor degrees of chemistry and physics at the age of 20 there. He has been working at the department of Chemistry & Medicine in University of California San Diego School.

Unit 4　 Earthquakes

语言要点(模块)

单元要点预览(旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点)

I词语辨析　 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)

II词性变化 (旨在提供语法填空所需材料)

Ⅲ重点词汇 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料)