1. (1)So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.于是在1510-1514年期间他继续从事这项研究，逐步修改他的理论，直到他感到完善时为止。

(2)The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God’s idea.基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说它违背上帝的思想

句(1)中gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete和句(2)saying it was against God’s idea。_{K^S*5U.C#O%下}

= and gradually improved his theory until he felt it was complete.

=and said it was against God’s idea.

考点例题：

_______________________________________________(不知道怎么办), he turned to his father for help.

_______________________________________________(担心今天的考试), I didn’t sleep well last night.

8. for convenience 为了方便起见 = for convenience’s sake

at one’s (own) convenience在某人方便的时候

Please deliver the goods at your earliest convenience.请尽早送货。

7. make sense有意义; 意思清楚; 有道理

What he has just said makes much/no sense.

make sense of 理解; 懂; 明白

I can’t make sense of this poem.

in a sense在某一方面; 就某种意义来说

What you say is true in a sense.

6. lead to通向; 导致

All roads lead to Rome.条条道路通罗马。

Diligence led to his success. =

His success lay in diligence.勤奋使他获得了成功。

5. break down

(1)破坏; 拆散; 分解

Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.

The robbers broke the door down.

(2)(机器)损坏

Our truck broke down outside town.

(3)失败; 破裂

The peace talks are said to have broken down.

(4)精神崩溃; 失去控制

He broke down and wept.

考点例题：

The Roman Empire _______________ in 476 AD.

A. broke away from 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. broke down

C. broke up 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. broke into

其它短语：

4. take the place of代替,取代(= replace)

take place(=happen)

take one’s place (= take one’s seat)就座

take one’s place代替某人

翻译：我将代替我们经理出席会议。

________________________________________________________________________

1)I’ll take the place of our manager to attend the meeting.

2)I’ll take my manager’s place to attend the meeting.

3)I’ll replace our manager to attend the meeting.

4)I’ll attend the meeting instead of our manager.

5)I’ll attend the meeting in place of our manager.

3. leave out遗漏; 省略;忽略

leave out a letter漏掉一个字母

leave out the problem for the moment暂不考虑这个问题

拓展：

leave sb. alone (by oneself)不打搅某人

leave sb./ sth. behind把……忘到脑后

leave…for…离开某地去某地

leave for动身去某地

2. consist of由……组成=be made up of

consist in 存在于

consist with与……一致_{K^S*5U.C#O%下}

注意：以上词组都不能用于被动语态.

His job consists of helping old people who live alone.

The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.

Theory should consist with practice.

考点例题：

As we all know, China is has a large population __________ 56 nationalities.

A. consists of　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. is consisting of

C. consisting of 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. making up of

1. put forward提出(意见\建议)

put forward a plan提出计划

拓展：

put in打断; 插嘴

put off延期; 推迟

put on假装; 伪装, 上演(戏剧); 穿上

put out扑灭; 出版

put through接通电话

put up举起; 抬起; 张贴; 公布

put sb. up为……提供食宿

to put up a notice 张贴布告; 接待

put up with忍受; 忍耐; 受苦

考点例题：

We were roommates. At that time, I have to ________________ her bad temper.

A. put forward 　　　　　　 B. put up with 　　　　　　 C. put up　 　　　　　　　　　 D. put off

5. error n.错误； 缺陷；错误思想； 过失；违法(行为)； 行为不正

by error错误地

fall into an error误入歧途； 犯错误

拓展：error, mistake, fault

error比mistake要正式一些， 它不但可以指一般性的“错误，失误”，还可以指道德上的“错误，失误”。

mistake(个人感觉，多与人有关) n.错误； 过失(anything that you do or say wrongly)。v. 误解；误会； 弄错(have the wrong idea)

a spelling mistake 拼写错误

I took your pen by mistake. 我拿错了你的钢笔。

fault 缺点，错误(something which is wrong, a mistake)过失，过错(responsibility责任for being wrong)　 　

Who’s fault? It’s my fault.

merits and faults 优缺点

The fault is mine. 这是我的错。

考点例题： “I don’t think it is my ________ that the TV blew up.　 I just turned it on, that’s all,” said the boy.

A. error　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. mistake 　　　　　　　　　 C. fault　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. duty