2. The other two climbed into the crater to collect some lava for late study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.另外两个人攀下火山口去收集日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事， 所以留在山顶上观察他们

This being my first experience是“代词+v.-ing”构成的独立主格结构，在句中作原因状语。

拓展：

独立主格结构的构成：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不是同一主语，它的构成为“主格词(代词主格或名词)+非谓语动词”，在句中作状语，表示时间， 原因，条件和伴随。

Her glasses broken, she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard.

So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.

The weather being fine, we have made up our minds to go for a picnic.

考点例题：

If the weather _______________, we would to out for fishing. _K^S*5U.C#O

A. permits　 　　　　 B. permitted　 　　　　　　 C. being permitting　 　　　　　 D. /

[模拟试题]

1. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。

be about to do sth. when…　 正当……突然

类似的结构还有: be doing sth. when… 正在做……突然……

He was about to leave when the telephone rang.他正要离开，突然电话铃响了起来。

试翻译：他正要到河里游泳,突然导游制止了他。

He __________ __________ _________ swim in the river ________ the guide stopped him.

拓展：as soon as, hardly… when … ; no sooner…than…这三个短语都有“一……就”，“刚刚……就”的意思, 它们的意思相近,因此有时可以互换。例如：

我刚到公共汽车站,汽车就开了

As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus started.

Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started.

No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.

但它们之间也有差异，例如，如果从两件事情的间隔时间来说，as soon as较长(A事情发生以后，就做B这件事)， no sooner…than居中(刚做完A这件事，就做B这件事)，hardly…when间隔时间最短(几乎未来得及做完A件事，紧接着就做B这件事)。

考点例题：

1)我一到那儿就给你来信。

_________________________________________________________________

2)运动会刚开始，天就下起了大雨。

_________________________________________________________________

3)他刚写完文章，灯就熄了。

_________________________________________________________________

1)I’ll write you as soon as I get there.

2)No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily.

3)He had hardly finished the article when the light went out. =

Hardly had he finished the article when the light went out.

5. have difficulty in doing 干某事有困难

We have no difficulty in finding his house.　 = We have no trouble in finding his house.

拓展：have difficulty with sth.做某事有困难

　　 with difficulty 困难地；吃力地　　　

　　 without difficulty 容易地

　　 make no difficulty 无异议；不反对

　　 in difficulties 处境尴尬

考点例题：You can never imagine what great _____ we had _____ you school last time.　

A. difficult；finding　　　 B. difficulty ； to find　　　　

C. difficulty finding　　　 D. difficult ； found

4. take on 承担；从事；呈现；开始雇用

He took on so much work that he couldn’t really do it efficiently.

拓展：take …as 把……当作

　　 take away拿走

　　 take down记下

　　 take off起飞；匆匆离去

　　 take out取出

　　 take over接管

考点例题：

(1)Paul has graduated from university, and his father is old. So many employees guess Paul will _______ ________ his father’s business.

(2)The plane has to delay __________ _________ due to the bad weather.

(3)You had better ________ _______ everything in detail at the meeting since it is so important.

(4)It is not wise to ________ ________ too much work at a time.

<(1)take over　　 (2)taking off　　 (3)take down　　　 (4)take on >

1. at all； 2. after all ； 3.Above all； 4. in all)

3. all in all 总而言之 = in a word = on the whole = in conclusion

All in all, it has been a great success. _K^S*5U.C#O

拓展：in all 总共；共计　　　 after all 毕竟；终究

　　 all over 遍及；到处　　 above all首先

考点例题：You shouldn’t have punished Tom 　1　　 . He is a child, 2　　 ； 3　　 he made only two mistakes　 4　 .

1. has a word　 2. word for word　　 3. In other words　　 4. keeps her word)

2. in other words换句话说

Money is important but it is not everything. In other words, you can’t live well without money, but money can’t buy everything.

拓展：have words with sb.与某人吵嘴

　　 have a word with sb. = talk with sb.

　　 keep one’s word/ promise 信守诺言

　　 break one’s word/promise食言

　　 word for word原原本本地

考点例题：Li Hong is a quiet and honest girl. When she　 1　　 with others, she speaks 2　　 . She never breaks her word. 　　3　 　she always 　4　

1. make one’s way 行进；向前

The enemy were making their way towards this village.

拓展：_K^S*5U.C#O

stand in one’s way阻止某人做某事

give way to sth.被……取代

考点例题：

1)The old practice will surely ___________ ___________ _____________ a new one.

2)Short as he was, the little boy managed to ____________ ________ ___________　 through the crowd.

4. access n.通路, 访问, 入门vt.存取, 接近.　 _K^S*5U.C#O

accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的

There is no access to the street through that door. 穿过那个门没有通向大街的路。

Every students in our school have access to the library.

The library is accessible to every students in our school.

考点例题:

The living people in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool =

The swimming pool _________________________________ the living people in these apartments.