8．The teacher______ (计算) the average mark of the class.

7．Exercise gave me an ______(食欲).

6．What is the usual ______ (手续) for setting up a new school?

5．He has a poor French ______(词汇量).

4．Chinese is his _______(长项).

3．T______ this sentence into the passive.

2．The airplane’s _______ (目的地) is Pairs.

1．Her ______(同伴) share her interest in computers.

　　　 (三)宾语的种类

　　　 (1)直接宾语

　　　 直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果，通常指物。

　　　 Lend me your dictionary, please.请把你的字典借给我。

　　　 Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the way to the railway station?

　　　 对不起，请问到火车站怎么走？

　　　 (2)间接宾语

　　　 间接宾语表示动作所向的或所为的人或物，通常指人。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前，也可位于直接宾语之后，但此时在它的前面须加介词to。

　　　 The company sent us a few computers last year.公司去掉给我们送了几台计算机。

　　　 He sent a birthday gift to me yesterday.昨天他送给我一份生日礼物。

　　　 (3)复合宾语

　　　 有些动词除了跟有宾语外，还需要一个词来说明宾语的身份或状态，以补充其意义的不足，这样的词或短语叫做宾语补足语。宾语与宾语补足语一起就叫做复合宾语，它们在逻辑上有主谓关系。如果直接宾语是不定式、动名词或从句，常用it作形式宾语。

　　　 They elected him their monitor.他们选他当班长。(代词+名词)

　　　 I found the baby always happy.我发现这个婴儿总是很愉快的。(名词+形容词)

　　　 The next day he found himself in the hospital when he waked.

　　　 当他第二天醒来时发现自己在医院里。(代词+介词短语)

　　　 I often ask him to help me with my English.我经常请他帮助我学英语。

　　　 (代词+动词不定式)

I find it easy to answer this question.我发现回答这个问题是容易的。

　　　 (it作形式宾语)

　　　 (4)介词宾语

　　　 位于介词后面的宾语称做介词宾语。

　　　 In our school about three?fourths of the students are from the north.

我们学校3/4的学生来自北方。

[考点透视 考例精析]

　　 [考例1] 　It is reported that the United States uses _______ energy as the whole of Europe.

　　　 A．as twice　　 　　　 B．twice much　　 C．twice much as　　 　 D．twice as much

　　 [解析] D　本题考查倍数表达法。考比较等级及修饰语，表分数、倍数、百分数的修饰语一般应放在比较等级的前面。详见前面解释。

　　 [考例2] You were silly not _______ your car.

A．to lock　 　　　　　 B．to have locked　 C．locking　　 　　　　 D．having locked

　　 [解析] D　考非谓语动词，由句意可知lock your car的动作应该业已完成，故选择D项。

　　 [考例3] It was a pity that the great writer died ________ his works unfinished.

　　　 A．for　　 　　　　　　　 B．with　　 　　　　　　 C．from　　 　　　　　　 D．of

　　 [解析] B　考查with的复合结构。with+名词+过去分词通常在句中作伴随状语。

[考例4] Don’t be discouraged. 　______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.

　　　 A．Taking　　 　　　　 B．To take　　 　　　　 C．Take　　 　　　　　　 D．Taken

　　 [解析] C　祈使句+and+将来时态的句子＝if条件句+将来时态的句子。

　　 [考例5] 　Before building a house, you will have to ______ the government’s permission.

　　　 A．get from　　 　　　 B． follow 　　　　　 C．receive　　 　　　　 D．ask for

　　 [解析]　D ask for permission是固定词组，意为“征求许可；征得同意。”

[基础演练]

　　　 (二)宾语的表现形式

　　　 (1)名词

　　　 They went to see an exhibition yesterday.他们昨天去看了展览。

　　　 He is going to buy a dictionary.他打算买本字典。

　　　 (2)代词

　　　 The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.

　　　 那场大雨使我未能准时到校上学。

　　　 We should learn from him.我们应该向他学习。

　　　 (3)数词

　　　 -How many dictionaries do you have?你有几本字典？

　　　 -I have five.我有5本。

　　　 (4)名词化的形容词或分词

　　　 They helped the old with their housework yesterday.他们昨天帮助老年人做家务。

We should take the wounded to the hospital immediately.

我们应该立刻把伤员送进医院。

　　　 (5)不定式(短语)

　　　 He pretended not to see me.他假装没有看见我。

　　　 She didn?t know what to do next.她不知道下一步做什么。

　　　 (6)动名词(短语)

　　　 I enjoy listening to popular music.我喜欢听游行音乐。

　　　 He practises speaking English every day.他每天练习讲英语。

　　　 (7)从句

I think (that) he is fit for his office.我认为他称职。

He asked me whose pronunciation was the best in the class.他问我班上谁的发音最好。