4. 表示让步

　 动词的-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个thoughalthough引导的让步状语从句。

　 Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。(= Although they were exhausted by the running ...)

　 Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。(= Even if he was laughed by many people ...)

　 Questioned many times a day, Andrew kept silent over the murder. 尽管一天被盘问了多次，安德鲁仍然对那件谋杀案保持沉默。

　 提示：

　 有时动词的-ed形式作状语和动词的-ing形式的被动式作状语，并没有多大的区别，可以互换。

　 Suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然发热不能来上学。

　 = Being suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然发热不能来上学。

　 Brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因为是在农村长大的，他感到很难适应城市生活。

　 = Having been brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因为是在农村长大的，他感到很难适应城市生活。

3. 表示条件

　 动词的-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。

　 Heated, water changes into steam. 加热，水就能变成蒸汽。(= If water is heated...)

　 Given more time, he would be able to do better. 假如多给一些时间，他会干得更出色。(= If he was given more time ...)

　 Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker. 与其他教授相比，她是一个优秀的演说家。

1．表示时间

　 动词的-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。

　 Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. 从塔上往下看，城市显得很美丽。(= When the city is seen from the tower...)　　　

　 Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 带我们参观了实验室之后，又带我们参观了图书馆。(= After we had been shown the lab...)

　 Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away. 经过医生彻底检查以后，他立刻回到了学校。(= After he was completely examined...)

　提示：

　 有时动词的-ed形式前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。

　 When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame. 当被问到为什么上课又迟到时，她羞愧地低下了头。

　 Once recovered, he went all out to do his work. 一恢复健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。

　 Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.一旦给这钟上了发条，它就会走半个月，并且走得很准。

3．动词的-ed形式作定语和-ing形式作定语的区别

　 动词的-ed形式作定语表示动作已完成或和被动，而-ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行或和主动。

　 the risen sun　　　 升起了的太阳

　 the rising sun　 正在升起的太阳

　 boiled water　 开水

　 boiling water　 正沸腾的水

　 developed countries 发达国家

　 developing countries 发展中国家

　 fallen leaves　 落叶

　 falling leaves　 正在飘落的叶子

　 changed condition 改变了的情况

　 changing condition 变化着的情况

　 D．动词的-ed形式作状语

　 动词的-ed形式作状语和-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、　　　 方式或伴随情况等。

2．后置定语

　 作后置定语的-ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。

　 We have read many novels written by this author. 我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。(= that are written by this author)

　 Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. 被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。(= who had been invited to the reception)

　 The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千名学生出席了。(= which was attended by one thousand students)

　 A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. 一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。(= who was dressed like a lawyer)

1．前置定语

　 单个的动词的-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。

　 A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。

　 All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. 所有的坏门窗都修好了。

　 When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。

　 提示：

　 如要表示强调，单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。

　 Money spent is more than money earned.　 入不敷出。

4．某些动词后(如want, need, prefer, would like等)，作宾语补足语的不定式被动形式省略“to be”，就成了-ed形式作宾语补足语。

　 I would like this matter (to be) settled immediately. 我希望这事立即得到解决。

　 I'd prefer this book translated by my sister. 我情愿让我妹妹来翻译这本书。

　 We need the work (to be) finished by Saturday. 我们需要这项工作周六之前完成。

　 The peasants don't want good farmland (to be) built on. 农民们不想让好好的农田被用来建造房子。

　C．动词的-ed形式作定语

　 动词的-ed形式作定语修饰名词分为前置和后置两类。

3．动词的-ed形式也可用在with(without)结构中，作介词的宾语补足语。

　 With everything well arranged, he left the office. 一切都安排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。

　 She has come back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books. 她已经回来了，背包里塞满了有趣的图书。

　 Without any grain left in the house, the little girl had to go begging. 家里没有粮食，小女孩只好出去讨饭。

　 Without any more time given, we couldn't finish the task in three weeks. 如果不再给我们任何时间的话，我们三星期之内完成不了任务。

2．在使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep等后作宾语补足语。

　 ①动词的-ed形式作get的宾语补足语。

　 Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。

　 I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come. 我得先把盘子洗了，然后就来。

　 比较：

　 动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，和宾语是主动关系。

　 I couldn誸 get the car to start this morning. 今早我无法把汽车发动起来。

　 He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。

　 It is not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him! 让他说话不难，难的是说开了止不住他。

　 Can you really get that old clock going again 你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗？

　 ②动词的-ed形式作make的宾语补足语。

　 He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。

　 You should make your views known to the public. 你应该让公众知道你的观点。

　 注意：

　 动词make后的宾语补足语可用不带to的动词不定式或动词的-ed形式，但不可用动词的-ing形式。

　 [误]Can you make the students understanding the text

　 [正]Can you make the students understand the text 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？

　 [正]Can you make the text understood by the students 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？

　 ③动词的-ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。

　 They all went home, leaving all the work undone. 所有的工作都没完成，他们就回家了。

　 The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night. 侦探和他的助手把自己整夜反锁在房间里。