4． 表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”

　 The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.

　 学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。(相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest)

　 The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.　

　 男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。(相当于一个并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky)

　 C．-ed形式“独立主格结构”

　 与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样，如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话，就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。

　 The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.

　 该书是用简单英语写的，英语初学者也能看懂。

　 = As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read it.

　 The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.

　 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。

　 = As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.

　 He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.

　 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。

　 = He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.

　 The task completed,he had two months' leave.

　 任务完成以后，他休了两个月的假。(=When the task had been completed,he had two months' leave.)

　　比较：

　 动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。

　 The manager looks worried，many things to settle. 经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。(事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不定式to settle)

　 The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了， 经理看上去很轻松。(事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束)

　 The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。(两个动作同时进行)

　 The food cooked, the boy went to bed. 　　 饭做好了，小孩去睡了。(两个动作有先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的)

3． 表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”

　 Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.

　 时间允许的话，我们下星期将进行一次野炊。(相当于一个条件状语从句If time

　 permits)

　 My health allowing, I will work far into the night.

　 我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。(相当于一个条件状语从句If my health allows)

2． 表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”

　 The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。(相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the way)

　 Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous. 许多眼睛看着他，他感到有点儿紧张。(相当于一个原因状语从句As many eyes were watching him)

　 必背：

　 含有being的独立主格结构。

　 It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded. 今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。

　 = As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.

　 There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. 没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。

　 = As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.

1． 表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”

　 Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.

　 每个人都准备好后，老师开始上课。(相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was

　 ready)

　 The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.

　 每个人坐好后，主席开始开会。(相当于一个时间状语从句after everyone was seated)

　 在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。

　 Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.　

　 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。(such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系)

　 = Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.

　 He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.

　 他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。(seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”)

　 = When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.

　 The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.

　 由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。(lost 的逻辑主语是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost)

　 = Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.

A．　　　　 不定式“独立主格结构”

　 在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。

1．动词不定式用主动的形式

　 在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。

　 His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.

　 他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。(= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.)

　 --will you go to the comcert tonight　 你今晚去听音乐会吗？

　 --sorry.So many exerise-books to check,I rially can't afford any time.

　 对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不出时间。

　 (＝Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight,I really can't afford any time.)

　 The four of us agreed on a division of labour,each to translate a quarter of the book.

　 我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。

　 (＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.)

　 Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.　 种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)

　B．-ing形式“独立主格结构”

　动词的-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。

　 Being ill, he went home.

　由于生病,他回家了。(= As he was very ill, he went home.)

　 Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.

　在课桌旁坐好后，他开始看杂志。(= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.)

20．仿照示例,造两个句子.(6分)

如果你是鱼儿,那快乐就是一汪清凉清凉的水;如果你是小草,那快乐就是一束暖暖香香的阳光;如果你是 　　　　　　　　　　　,那快乐就是　　　　　　　　 ;如果你是　　　　　　　　 　,那快乐就是　　　　　　 。

19．下面一段话是写黄山的。试用平实的语言概要表述这段话的信息要点。(不超过35个字)(5分)

大自然是崇高、卓越而美丽的。它煞费心机，创造世界。它创造了人们，还安排了一处胜境。它选中皖南山区。它是大手笔，用火山喷发的手法，迅速地，在周围一百二十公里，面积千余平方公里的一个浑圆的区域里，分布了这么多花岗岩的山峰。

黄山_______________________________________________________________

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　。　　

15.补出古诗词中空缺部分。(每题1分，共7分)

①多情自古伤离别，　　　，　　　！(1分)

②_____________，　　、　　　。这次第，怎一个愁字了得！(2分)

③念去去，　　　　　　　　　 ，　　　　　　　　　　　　　 。(2分)

④　　　　　　 ，　　　　　　 　,人道寄奴曾住。(2分)