7.主动语态中若有双宾语,变为被动语态时, 通常把指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语. His uncle gave him a dictionary yesterday.→He was given a dictionary by his uncle yesterday.

 练习题:

6.主动语态中有些动词如:make,see,listen, watch,feel后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态要带上to

 He made the boy work for him. →The boy was made to work for him.

  5.主动语态与被动语态的相互变化关系

 主动句: 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语(动作执行者) (动作承受者)

被动句: 主语 +谓语动词的被动形式+ by + 动作执行者  (动作承受者)

 1）主动句如何变为被动句

 a.找到动作的承受者(常为主动句的宾语)作被动句的主语.b.找到谓语变为be + 过去分词的结构.

c.找到动作的执行者(常为主动句的主语)作 by 的宾语.若不必指出动作的执行者,可省去 by 短语.  d.确定be动词的时态.数. 例如: She makes the beautiful kites.

The beautiful kites are made by her. (被动句)

 2）被动句如何变为主动句.  a.找到动作的执行者(常为被动句的宾语)作主动句的主语.

b.找到be+过去分词结构还原为及物动词原形.

c.找到动作的承受者(常为被动句的主语)作主动句的宾语.

d.确定及物动词的时态.数(注意)在以上转换中,代词作主语用主格, 代词作宾语用宾格.

 This kind of car drives fast.      The woolen sweater costs $ 88.

4.某些动词形式是主动语态,但含有被动的意思.   eg. This dictionary sells well.

3.有些动词短语本身即是被动语态的形式, 不要再加by 短语,常用的有

be covered with be surprised at      be interested in be worried about  be made of/from be known to

2.某些不及物动词与介词.副词搭配构成短语动词,带有宾语时,则有了动作的承受者,这时应把它们看作一个整体,变为被动语态,不能丢掉其中的介词,常用的有look after,take care of,cut down, laugh at,talk about,turn on等 eg.Catherine always takes care of the little girl.→The little girl is always taken care of by Carherine.      

    注 意点：  1.只有及物动词能构成被动语态, 不及物动词不能构成被动语态.                    

 eg. The window was broken yesterday.  Is English taught in your school?           2.强调或突出动作的承受者,此时如想同时指出动作的执行者,可用“by +动作执行者(宾格)来表示.

 eg.The red dress was made by her mother. The letter must be written by me.

用法: 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁,或没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者.