2. The tourist asked the guide what he____visit the next day.
A. was going to B. will C. is going in D. is to
|
变化形式 |
例句 |
指 示 代 词 |
this→ that |
She said, “She is coming this week.” →She said that she was coming that week. |
these→ those |
He said, “These books are mine.” →He said those books were his. |
|
时 间 状 语 |
now→ then |
He said, “It’s ten o’clock now.” →He said that it was ten o’clock then. |
today→ that day |
He said, “I haven’t seen her today.” →He said that he hadn’t seen her that day. |
|
tonight→ that night |
She said, “I’ll come again tonight.” →She said that she would go again that night. |
|
yesterday→ the day before |
He said, “This happened yesterday.” →He said that had happened the day before. |
|
时 间 状 语 |
now→ then |
He said, “It’s ten o’clock now.” →He said that it was ten o’clock then. |
today→ that day |
He said, “I haven’t seen her today.” →He said that he hadn’t seen her that day. |
|
tonight→ that night |
She said, “I’ll come again tonight.” →She said that she would go again that night. |
|
yesterday→ the day before |
He said, “This happened yesterday.” →He said that had happened the day before. |
|
three days ago→ three days before |
She said, “I arrived two days ago.” →She said that she had arrived two days before. |
|
tomorrow→ the next day the following day |
She said, “He’ll be back tomorrow.” →She said that he would be back the next day. |
|
next week→ the next week |
She said, “I’ll do it next week.” →She said that she would do it the next week. |
|
地 点 状 语 |
here→ there |
She said, “He came here to see Tom.” →She said that he had gone there to see Tom. |
动 词 |
come/bring→ go/take |
He said, “I brought it home with me.” →He said he had taken it home with him. |
[拓展延伸]
直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况
① 主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态,从句的时态无需变化例如:
He says, “I’m tired.”
→He says that he is tired.
He will say, “The boy was lazy.”
→He will tell you that the boy was lazy.
② 当直接引语是客观真理时,不受时间的限制,因此不需要变化时态。
Our geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the sun.”→Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.
③ 直接引语是一般过去时,并且和具体的过去时间连用,时态不作改变
She said, “I was born in 1995.”
→She said that she was born in 1995.
[典型例题]
(1)Living things are dying out quickly. Let’s ask ____ destroying them in the past years.
A. what part people have been playing B. people have played in
C. what part people have played in D. people have been playing what part
[解析]C。注意宾语从句的引导词和语序
(2)Can you tell me_______?
A. what the matter is B. what matter it is C. what’s the matter D. the matter is what
[解析]C 对主语提问,陈述句要和疑问句语序一致。
(3)The physics teacher said the earth ____around the sun.
A. is moving B. moved C. had moved D. moves
[解析]D 地球围绕太阳转是客观事实,故用一般现在时
[语法专练]
1.Mother asked the youngest kid____with his car.
A. what the matter B. What was the matter
C. what the matter is D. what is the matter
主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化,总的原则是向过去推一个时态
时态的变化 |
例
句 |
一般现在时→ 一般过去时 |
She said, “I need a calculator.” →She said that she needed a calculator. |
现在进行时→ 过去进行时 |
Jim said, “I’m expecting a long distance call.” →Jim
said that he was expecting a long distance call. |
一般将来时→ 过去将来时 |
Nancy said, “I’ll call again later.” →Nancy said that she would call again later. |
一般过去时→ 过去完成时 |
He said, “I took it home with me.” →He said that he had taken it home with him. |
现在完成时→ 过去完成时 |
Paul said, “Our team has won the match.” →Paul said that their team had won the match. |
过去完成时→ 过去完成时 |
He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” →He
said that he had finished his homework before supper. |
[点拨]人称的变化一般遵循“一同主,二随宾,三不变”这一原则,例如:
“I went to the Great Wall yesterday,” Li Hua said.
→Li Hua said that he had gone to the Great Wall the day before.
“I’ll come to help you whenever you need my help,” he answered her.
→He answered her that he would come to help her whenever she needed his help.
She said to me, “Your pronunciation is better than his.”
→She told me that my pronunciation was better than his.
3. 特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when等疑问词引导的宾语从句例如:
He said, “Where is Mr. Wang?”
→He asked where Mr. Wang was.
2.一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句。例如:
He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John?”
→He asked whether (if) John could come that afternoon.
1.陈述句变为以 that 引导的宾语从句例如:
He said, “I'm very glad.”
→He said that he was very glad.
23、(10分)短周期的三种元素X、Y、Z,原子序数依次变小,原子核外电子层数之和是5。X元素原子最外电子层上的电子数是Y和Z两元素原子最外电子层上的电子数的总和;Y元素原子的最外电子层上的电子数是它的电子层数的2倍,X和Z可以形成XZ3的化合物。请回答:
(1)X元素是 。
(2)XZ3化合物的分子式是 ,电子式是 。
(3)分别写出X、Y的含氧酸的分子式 、 。
班级: 学号: 姓名:
------------装--------订----------线---------------
包三十三中高一年级期中(Ⅰ)考试
21.(15分)(1)把一块纯净的锌片插入盛有稀硫酸的烧杯里,可观察到锌片逐渐溶解,并有气体产生,再平行地插入一块铜片(如图甲所示),可观察到铜片上 (填“有”或“没有”)气泡产生,再用导线把锌片和铜片连接起来(如图乙所示),可观察到铜片上 (填“有”或“没有”)气泡产生。
(2)用导线连接灵敏电流表的两端后,再与溶液中的锌片和铜片相连(如图丙所示),观察到灵敏电流表的指针发生了偏转,说明了导线中有电流通过。从上述现象中可以归纳出构成原电池的一些条件是
,
有关的电极反应式:锌片 ;铜片 。
(3)图乙、图丙是一个将 能转化为 能的装置,人们把它叫做原电池。
22.(15分)
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(1)在上面元素周期表中全部是金属元素的区域为 。
(a)A (b)B (c)C (d)D
(2)有人认为形成化合物最多的元素不是IVA族的碳元素,而是另一种短周期元素,请你根据学过的化学知识判断这一元素是 。
(3)现有甲、乙两种短周期元素,室温下,甲元素单质在冷的浓硫酸或空气中,表面都生成致密的氧化膜,甲元素最高价氧化物对应的水化物具有两性。乙元素原子核外M电子层与K电子层上的电子数相等。
①甲、乙两元素相比较,金属性较强的是 (填名称),可以验证该结论的实验是 。
(a)将在空气中放置已久的这两种元素的块状单质分别放入热水中
(b)将这两种元素的单质粉末分别和同浓度的盐酸反应
(c)将这两种元素的单质粉末分别和热水作用,并滴入酚酞溶液
(d)比较这两种元素的气态氢化物的稳定性
②写出甲元素最高价氧化物对应的水化物与氢氧化钠反应的离子方程式:
20. 已知25℃、101kPa下,1 mol石墨、金刚石燃烧放出的热量分别为: C(石墨)+O2(g)=CO2(g) 放出393.51kJ
C(金刚石)+O2(g)=CO2(g) 放出395.41 kJ
据此判断,下列说法中正确的是
A.由石墨制备金刚石是吸热反应;等质量时,石墨的能量比金刚石的低
B.由石墨制备金刚石是吸热反应;等质量时,石墨的能量比金刚石的高
C.由石墨制备金刚石是放热反应;等质量时,石墨的能量比金刚石的低
D.由石墨制备金刚石是放热反应;等质量时,石墨的能量比金刚石的高
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