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4. such as像这样的(用来列举事物)。

I visited several cities, such as New York, Chicago and Boston.

我游览过几个城市,像纽约、芝加哥、波士顿等

辨析:for example, such as, such…as:that is;

for example 用来列举同类中的一个为例,可以是一个句子,也可以是一个单词或词组。在句中的位置较灵活,可位于句首、句中或句尾

For example, he is very brave.

比如,他非常勇敢。

such as  用来列举事物(一类),放在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,as之后切不可有逗号(列举部分事例)。

that is 用来列举全部事物,故在被列举事例前面,并用逗号隔开

区别上述三个短语的关键是:

1)判断是列举部分举例还是列举全部事例,2)在句中的位置。3) 举例说明还是列举

This machine is very useful in daily life, such as in making bread.

这台机器在日常生活中是很有用的,比如做面包。

such…as… 意思是“像……那样的”,其中as为介词,不能同etc.和and so on连用。例如:

Such men as Edison, Einstein and Lincoln are great men.

像爱迪生、爱因斯坦和林肯这样的人都是伟人。

[即境活用]

The teacher praised him very often, ____he is a good student in our class.

A. such as     B. For example      C. such---as      D. That is

[答案]D

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3. make use of 利用;使用 

[典例]

1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English. 你应该好好利用机会练习英语。

[短语归纳]

make good use of  好好利用           make full use of  充分利用

make the best/most of  充分利用

[即境活用]

1). 要充分利用一切机会说英语。

_______________________________________________________________________________

2). 我们要很好地发挥她的才能。

_______________________________________________________________________________

答案: 1). Make full use of every chance you have to speak English.

2). We will make good use of her talents.

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2. come up

 (1)(人)走近;靠近

He came up smiling to me 他微笑着向我走来

(2)(太阳,月亮)升起

The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.

月亮出来时,天空是深蓝色的,非常晴朗

(3)出席;出现

I came up for interview but didn’t get the job.

我到场接受了面议,但并没得到工作

(4)发芽;长出

New shoots of bamboo will come up from around the roots of the old ones.

从老(竹)竿的根周围又会长出新的幼芽(竹笋)来

[拓展延伸]

Come up with  (针对问题等)提出,想出,提供

Come about  发生

come across  邂逅

come at    攻击,向……扑来

come from   出身于

come out   出版;开花

come to    达到;苏醒;谈到

come after   跟在……后面      

come along  一起来,过来      

come down  下来,败落   

come on    加油,跟我来,进行,进展     

come in   进来

[即境活用]

He_____to Beijing days ago; and he will work for months as a visiting professor in Beijing University.

A. come up       B. camp up     C. went down     D. leaves for

[答案]B 考查动词短语的辨析。come up to 此处意思是“到达----”符合题意。时态与ago保持一致。

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1. because of

because of 因为,由于(为复合介词,后接名词或代词)。

He had to retire because of ill health.

他因为健康状况不佳,所以不得不退休

[拓展延伸] because, as, since, for都表示原因,但意义不同

because直接原因,语气最强。回答why提出的问题只能用because。在强调句型中,也只能用because。

as   用于解释做某事的原因,语气较弱,通常位于主句前。

since  表示的原因是指众所周知的事实,意思“既然”。语气比because弱。通常位于主句前,并常与as换用

for 并列连词,连接并列分句,表示一种补充说明,是推测或判断的理由,语气较弱

Because 接从句,because of接名词,代词,动名词

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7. block vt. 堵塞;阻碍n. 街区;木块;石块

[典例]

1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.

2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了

[重点用法]

a block of 一大块

block out 堵住

block off 封锁;封闭

block up 堵塞;阻碍

[即境活用]中译英

1). 他们在绕楼群散步。

_______________________________________________________________________________

2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的道路。

_______________________________________________________________________________

答案:

1). They are taking a walk round the block.

2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland.

[重点短语]

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6. recognize vt. 辨认出;承认

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5. request n.&vt 请求;要求

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4.

.

辨析request, command和order

 request要求,请求,语气比其他两项委婉;order和command在用法上很相似,command和order都有“命令”之意

都可以接名词、从句作宾语,接不定式作宾语补足语,接从句时从句要用虚拟语气。

command 指权威方面正式下令,主要用于军事场合

The general commanded his men to attack the city.

将军命令士兵攻城。

order执行任务或掌权者发布命令时使用,为常用词,可用于正式或非正式场合。

The police officer ordered that I should get out of the car.

警察命令我从汽车里出来

[即境活用]The newly founded chess club formally___ us to attend the opening ceremony.

A. requested     B. Required     C. demanded      D. commanded

[解析]A 考查request sb. to do sth. BCD语气强硬,按照句意A符合

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3. frequent adj.频繁的,常见的

辨析:frequent/common/ordinary/general/regular

[解释]

frequent经常的,时间或间歇很短的发生或出现

common 通常的、常发生的、广泛使用或众所周知的

ordinary指种类普通且不能从其他中加以区别的,有时含贬义

general一般性的,到处的;不限于领域、地区或应用     

regular平常的;惯例的;习惯性的、通常的或正常的

[即境活用]用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空

1). This is a ___________ problem.

2). He often makes ___________ errors of judgment.

3).Look at the train’s ___________ schedule.

4).The violinist gave a very ___________ performance marked by an occasional memory lapse.

5).As a ____________ rule I am home by six.

答案:    1). common   2). frequent   3). regular   4). ordinary   5). General

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1. voyage n.航行,航海

辨析:voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour

[解释]

voyage: 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行

journey: 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行

travel:  一系列的旅程,尤指旅行的概念

trip:   (短途)旅行

tour:   为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行

[即境活用]用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空

1). It is tiring to take a long _______ by train from Paris to Moscow.

2). The _________ from England to Australia used to take several months.

3). We’ll have time for a ______ to France next weekend.

4). We went on a guided ______ round the castle.

答案:    1). journey  2). voyage   3). trip   4). Tour

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