2、 微观物体对应内能。内能不可以为零。

1、 宏观物体的机械运动对应机械能。机械能可以为零。

3、 一切物体都具有内能

2、 与温度T、体积V和分子个数N有关

1、 所有分子做热运动的动能和分子势能的总和叫做物体的内能，也叫热力学能

　　(1)、由于分子间存在着相互作用的引力和斥力而具有的与其相对位置有关的能量，叫做分子势能。

　 (2)、微观――与相对位置有关，　 宏观――与体积有关

　　 (3)分子势能与距离的变化关系和图象(类似于重力势能和弹性势能)。

　　　 分子的无规则运动特点是多、快、乱、变，中间多，两头少，在热现象中，关心的是多个分子，而不是单个分子。

　 (1)、分子的平均动能――所有分子的动能的平均值　 m-10 ^{－26　 kg　 v}＝10 ^{5 m / s}

　 (2)、温度：宏观――表示物体的冷热程度， 微观――是物体平均动能的标志

　 (3)、温度相同，平均动能就相同，不论物体组成、结构、种类和物态 (无论如何)

第三节　书面表达(满分20分)

　　　 作为中学生， 你肯定经历过多次考试，体验过成功，也遭遇过失败。请你根据提示内容，简要概述中学生中普遍存在的对考试失败的两种态度，并结合自身实际，说明你的观点。

注意：词数100左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Failure is the Mother of Success

We middle school students have had many tests or exams…

第二节　 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。短文中有10处错误，每句最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词的下面写出修改后的词。

Dear Editor,

I’m a middle school student naming Lily. I’m writing to tell you something I don’t think it good. Recently I’ve noticed many of my classmates often went to the Internet bar near our school. The other day I went there, too. I was very surprising to see many students playing games, seeing films and chatting. Some were even talking about love affairs on-line. In my opinion, an Internet bar should be a place which we can find much useful information. As is known to all that the Internet is a window to an outside world rather than a place for games. The Internet is good if we make good use it. Otherwise, it will do us great harm. So the local government should take measure to make sure that the students use Internet bars positively.

第一节　 单词拼写(共10小题，每小题0.5分，满分5分)

76. Diana is a _________ (体贴的) boss who is always willing to listen.

77. The great flood ________ (淹没) many houses.

78. He was ________ (选举) chairman of the meeting.

79. She ________ (值得) a reward for her efforts.

80. She was still________ (烦恼) about the argument she had had with Mary.

81. At night they crossed the river and took p_______ of the village.

82. He was a_______ as chairman of the committee.

83. He is old but he is as i_______ as a baby.

84. Do you have much f_______ fishing by the river?

85. The speech l_______ an hour and as a result, I felt bored and tired.