6. According to the text，which of the following is NOT true?

　　 A．Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface．

B．The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than t}le surface soil．

C．Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil．

　　 D．Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth．

5. The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called　　　 ．

　　 A．1itter　　 B．topsoil　　 C．humus D．subsoil

4. The　author　writes　the　passage　to_______. 　

A. show　us　the　function　of　major　sports

B. encourage　us　to　go　in　for　green　sports

C. discuss　the　major　influence　of　popular　sports

D. introduce　different　types　of　environment-friendly　sports

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B

(NMET2009江苏)Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall? What do you think caused this change in colour? It is soil that has been washed into the river from the river bank or from the nearby fields．

Components of Soft

　　 Soil is made up of a number of layers(层)，each having its own distinctive colour and texture．The upper layer is known as the litter．It acts like a blanket．limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss．The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus(腐殖质)，which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour．This layer is usually rich in nutrients，oxygen，and water．Below the topsoil is the subsoil，a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter．This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus．Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock．

　　 Soil forms from the bottom up．Over time bedrock is attacked by rain, wind，frost, and snow．It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering．Plants begin to grow，and rotten materials enrich the topsoil．Most of the soil in Eastern Canada,for example,was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared l2．000 years ago.

Water Beneath the Soil

　　 Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes,ponds,and rivers．Once in the soil or rock，it is called groundwater．Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation(渗透)．Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table．Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate．

　　 As water percolates downward，it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers．This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.

Soil pH

　　 Soil can be acidic．neutral．or basic．The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock

from which it was formed．and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it．

　　 The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil．By burning fossil fuels such as coal，oil and gasoline，humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils．When fossil fuels are burned．gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain．Acid soil increases problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels．As nutrients are removed，soil is less fertile．Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil，and also become easily attacked by diseases．

3.The　author　uses　power　walking　as　an　example　mainly　because______. 　

A. it　is　an　outdoor　sport

B. it　improves　our　health

C. it　uses　fewer　resources

D. it　is　recommended　by　experts

2.What　do　we　know　about　golf　from　the　passage?

A. It　is　popular　in　Portugal　and　Spain. 　

B. It　causes　water　shortages　around　the　world. 　

C. It　pollutes　the　earth　with　chemicals　and　wastes. 　

D. It　needs　water　and　electricity　to　keep　its　courses　green. 　

1.hich　of　the　following　is　the　author　most　probably　in　favor　of?

A. Cycling　around　a　lake. 　

B. Motor　racing　in　the　desert. 　

C. Playing　basketball　in　a　gym. 　

D. Swimming　in　a　sports　center. 　

20.What does the author mainly discuss in the text?

A.Technology.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.Sustainability.

C.Ethanol energy.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.Environmental protection.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (二)

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A

(NMET2009重庆)Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment. 　

Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses(球场) in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas. 　

There are many environment-friendly sport. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes；and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control. 　

Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it’s free. (((W

19.The author thinks that replacing gas with corn ethanol is _____________.

A.impractical　　　　　　　　　　　 B.acceptable　　　　　　　　 C.admirable　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.useless

16．What might be the best title for the text?

　 A．How to Save Rainforests

　 B．How to Protect Nature

　 C．Rainforests and the Environment

　 D．Rainforests and Medical Development

　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　E

(NMET2009四川)All too often,a choice that seems sustainable(可持续的)turns out on closer examination to be problematic.Probably the best example is the rush to produce ethanol(乙醇) is a renewable resourc-you can harvest it and grow more,almost limitlessly.So replacing gas with corn ethanol seems like a great idea.

　　　 One might get a bit more energy out of the ethand than that used to make it,which could still make ethanol more sustainable than gas generally,but that’s not the end of the problem.Using corn to make ethanol means less corn is left to feed animals and people,which drives up the cost of food.That result leads to turning the fallow land-including,in some cases,rain forest in places such as Brazil-into farmland,which in turn gives off lots carbon dioxide(CO₂)into the air.Finally,over many years,the energy benefit from buring ethanol would make up for the forest loss.But by then,climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help.

　　　 You cannot really declare any practice“sustainable”until you have done a complete life-cycle analysis of its environmental(环境的)costs.Even then,technology and public policy keep developing,and that development can lead to unforeseen and undesired results.The admirable goal of living sustainably requires plenty of thought on an ongoing basis.

17 What might directly cause the loss of the forest according to the text?

A.The growing demand for energy to make ethaol.

B.The increasing carbon dioxide in the air.

C.The greater need for farmland.

D.The big change in weather.

18 The underlined word “it”in the second paragraph refers to “_____________”.

A.the energy benefit　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.the forest loss

C.climate change　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.burning ethanol

15．It can be inferred from the text that_____.　　

　 A．we can get enough resources without rainforests

　 B．there is great medicine potential in rainforests

　 C．we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land

　 D．the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns