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7.5 不定式作表语

 不定式可放在be动词后面,形成表语。例如:   My work is to clean the room every day.   His dream is to be a doctor.

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7.4 It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

1)for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult,  interesting, impossible等:   It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2)of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。   It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。   for 与of 的辨别方法:  用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。如:   You are nice. (通顺,所以应用of)。   He is hard. (人是困难的,不通,因此应用for。)

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7.3 不定式主语

1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了 easy, difficult,  hard,  important,  possible,  impossible, comfortable,  necessary,  better;  the first,  the next,  the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough  It's so nice to hear your voice.  听到你的声音真高兴。  It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.  当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。 2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。 Kind, nice,  stupid, rude,  clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly,  selfish(自私的) 例句:   It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。   It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。 注意:1) 其他系动词如,look,appear等也可用于此句型   2) 不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。   3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型   (对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。   (错)It is to believe to see.

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7.2 不定式作补语

1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) advise  allow  appoint  believe  cause  challenge command  compel  consider  declare  drive  enable encourage  find   forbid  force  guess  hire  imagine impel  induce  inform instruct invite  judge   know   like  order   permit persuade  remind  report request  require select send   state  suppose  tell   think  train  trust  understand urge   warn  例句:   a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.       父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。   b. We believe him to be guilty.   我们相信他是有罪的。 Find 的特殊用法:  Find 后可用分词做宾补,或先加形式宾语,再加形容词,最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get,have。   I found him lying on the ground.   I found it important to learn.   I found that to learn English is important. 典型例题:  The next morning she found the man ___ in bed,dead.    A. lying  B. lie  C. lay  D. laying  答案:A.find的宾语后面,用分词或分词短语,起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动。 2) to + be 的不定式结构,作补语的动词。 Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel  find, guess,  judge, imagine,  know,  prove,   see(理解), show,  suppose,   take(以为),  understand   We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.   我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。 典型例题   Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.  A. to invent B. inventing  C. to have invented  D. having invented  答案:A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实,不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时,发明为点动词一般不用完成时,且此处也不强调对现在的影响,因此不选C。 3) to be +形容词 Seem,   appear,  be said, be supposed,  be believed, be thought, be known,  be reported, hope, wish,  desire,  want,   plan,  expect,   mean…  The book is believed to be uninteresting.  人们认为这本书没什么意思。 4) there be+不定式 believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand  We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。 注意 : 有些动词需用as 短语做补语,如regard, think believe, take, consider.  We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。  Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

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7.1 不定式作宾语

1) 动词+ 不定式 afford  aim  appear agree  arrange ask  be   decide bother care choose  come   dare  demand desire determine   expect  elect endeavor   hope    fail  happen  help hesitate learn  long  mean  manage  offer  ought  plan prepare pretend  promise refuse seem  tend  wait   wish   undertake 举例:   The driver failed to see the other car in time.   司机没能及时看见另一辆车。  I happen to know the answer to your question.   我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 2)动词+不定式 ; 动词+宾语+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…  I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。  I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。 I want to speak to Tom.  我想和汤姆谈话。 I want you to speak to Tom.  我想让你和汤姆谈话。 3) 动词+疑问词+ to decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell  Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。  There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。 注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数。   The question is how to put it into practice.   问题是怎样把它付诸实施。

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6.2 worth 的用法

worth,worthy,worth-while都为adj. 意为"值得"。 1. worth: be worth + n.  当名词为金钱时,表示"…… 值得……"  be worth doing sth. "……某事值得被做"   The question is not worth discussing again and again. 2. worthy:be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"  be worthy to be done "某事值得被做"   The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again. 3. worth-while: be worth-while to do sth  "值得做某事"   worth while: It is worth while doing sth      It is worth while sb to do sth. 典型例题 It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again. A.worth B.worthy C.worth-while D.worth while 答案C. 由worth的用法可知,此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。因此选C。

动词不定式

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6.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语

1)作主语   Fighting broke out between the South and the North.   南方与北方开战了。 2)作宾语    a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth admit 承认  appreciate 感激,赞赏 avoid 避免   complete 完成  consider 认为   delay 耽误  deny 否认   detest 讨厌    endure 忍受  enjoy 喜欢  escape 逃脱    prevent阻止 fancy 想象  finish 完成    imagine 想象  mind 介意   miss 想念    postpone 推迟     practise 训练  recall 回忆    resent 讨厌   resist 抵抗  resume 继续    risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对    include 包括  stand 忍受  understand 理解   forgive 宽恕     keep 继续 举例:  (1) Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?  (2) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.     b. 词组后接doing admit to  prefer…to  be used to   lead to  devote oneself to object to  stick to   be busy  look forward to to为介词) no good, no use, It's worth…,  as well as, can't help, It's no use /good  be tired of be fond of  be capable of  be afraid of  be proud of  think of / about  hold off   put off  keep on  insist on count on / upon set about  be successful in  good at take up give up burst out prevent … from…  3)作表语  Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children.

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5.9 非谓语动词

 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。 1)不定式 时态\语态   主动   被动       一般式  to do    to be done   完成式   to have done to have been done 2)动名词 时态\语态   主动   被动       一般式  doing   being done  完成式  having done having been done

3)分词 时态\语态   主动   被动       一般式  doing   being done  完成式  having done having been done     否定形式: not +不定式, not + 动名词, not + 现在分词

动名词

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5.8 短语动词

 动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词(Phrasal Verb)。例如:  Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。(turn off是短语动词)  短语动词的构成基本有下列几种: 1) 动词+副词,如:black out; 2) 动词+介词,如:look into; 3) 动词+副词+介词,如:look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词(Particle)。

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5.7 助动词should,would的用法

1)should无词义,只是shall的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称,例如:   I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.   我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么。 比较:   "What shall I do next week?" I asked.   "我下周干什么?"我问道。(可以说,shall变成间接引语时,变成了should。) 2) would也无词义,是will的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称,例如:   He said he would come.  他说他要来。 比较:   "I will go," he said. 他说:"我要去那儿。"   变成间接引语,就成了:   He said he would come.    原来的will变成would,go变成了come.。

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