11.28 时态与时间状语

　　　　　时间状语 一般现在时　every …, sometimes,　at …, on Sunday, 一般过去时　yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 一般将来时　next…, tomorrow, in+时间, 现在完成时　for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently 过去完成时　before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 过去进行时　this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while 将来进行时　soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening

动词的语态

11.27 时态一致

　 1) 如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实，则永远用现在时。 　At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. 　He told me last week that he is eighteen. 　 2) 宾语从句中的助动词ought, need, must, dare 时态是不变的。 　He thought that I need not tell you the truth.

11.26 现在进行时代替将来时

1) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。 　Are you staying with us this weekend? 这周和我们一起度周末吗? 　We are leaving soon.　 我们马上就走。 2) 渐变动词，如：get, run, grow, become, begin及die。 　He is dying.

11.25 一般现在时代替进行时

1) 句型：Here comes… ； There goes… 　 Look, here comes Mr. Li.

11.24 一般现在时代替完成时

1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时： hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say,　remember. 　I hear (= have heard) he will go to London. 　I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is. 2) 句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …" 3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met.

11.23 一般现在时代替过去时

1 )"书上说"，"报纸上说"等。 　 The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow. 　 报纸上说明天会很冷的。 2) 叙述往事，使其生动。 　 Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins.

11.22 一般现在时代替将来时

时间状语从句，条件句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时 When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately 　He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。 典型例题 (1)He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment. 　A. had not given; had not succeeded　B. would not give; succeed 　C. will not give; succeed　　　 D. would not give; will succeed. 　 答案B. 在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有He said，故为过去式。主句用将来时，故选B. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。 (2) 表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动。 　 The museum opens at ten tomorrow.　博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)

11.21 将来进行时

1) 概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。 　　She'll be coming soon. 　　I'll be meeting him sometime in the future. 注意：将来进行时不用于表示"意志"，不能说 I'll be having a talk with her. 2)常用的时间状语 Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening 　 By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.

11.20 过去进行时

1) 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 2) 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。 3) 常用的时间状语 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 　 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.　 　 It was raining when they left the station. 　 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.　 典型例题 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.　 A. made　 B. is making　 C. was making　 D. makes 　 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同　时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. read； was falling　B. was reading； fell　C. was reading； was falling　D. read；fell 　 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。

11.19 不用进行时的动词

　1) 事实状态的动词 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue 　I have two brothers. 　This house belongs to my sister. 　2) 心理状态的动词 Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate 　I need your help. 　He loves her very much. 　3 ) 瞬间动词 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. 　I accept your advice. 　4) 系动词 seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn 　You seem a little tired.