2. break away, break down, break off

　 (1) break away

　 ① 逃走；逃脱

　 The robbery suspect broke away from the lock-up.

　 Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules. (喻)

　 ② 断裂；开裂

　 A large piece of ice broke away from the main block.

　 (2) break down

　 ① 破坏；拆散

　 The Congressmen of the Republican tried to break down the opposition from their opponents to their proposal. (喻)

　 Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.

　 ② 打破旧框框

　 The robbers broke the door down．

　 The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)

　 ③ (机器) 损坏

　 The car broke down halfway to the camp.

　 ④ 失败；破裂

　 Their opposition broke down.

　 ⑤ 精神崩溃；失去控制

　 He broke down and wept.

　 (3) break off

　 ① 突然停止，中断谈判

　 They were arguing but broke off when someone came into the room.

　 ② 断绝 (关系)，解除婚约

　 She broke off with her best mend.

1. get around, get away from, get over, get down to

　 (1) get around 避开，逃避 (=get round)；走动，到处旅行 (=get about)；(消息等)传开

　 to get around the tax laws 逃避纳税

　 (2) get away from 回避，否认；摆脱

　 Our friends had to have some furniture; there was no getting away from that.

　 Now he was dead, and I could not get away from my sadness.

　 (3)get down to 认真地静下心(工作)；开始认真做某事

　 to get down to work 静下心来工作

　 You must get down to your studies this year.

　 (4) get over 做完；结束；熬过；痊愈，康复；克服

　 You'll be glad to get your operation over.

　 Can we get over this difficulty?

5. Just have a little patience. I'll look into it who let ____ the news to the press.

　　　 A. off　　 B. alone　　 C. out　　 D. in

　　 ☆词语比较☆

4. The wood was so rotten that when well pulled, it____ into pieces.

　　　 A. broke away　　　　 B. broke off

　　　 C. broke up　　　　　　 D. broke through

3. After that, I avoided his presence, as I felt he was becoming too ____ me.

　　　 A. popular with　　　　 B. similar to

　　　 C. known to　　　　　 D. familiar with

2. Presently she was ____ of footsteps hurrying after her.

　　　 A. anxious　　　　　　　 B. aware

　　　 C. worried　　　　　　　 D. afraid

1. He missed the target because the wind hadn't been ____.

　　　 A. allowed for　　　　 B. done for

　　　 C. prepared for　　　　 D. wished for

5. 与 keep 有关的短语

keep track of 保持联系，了解，记录

keep record of 记录

keep (a) watch on 注视，注意

keep body and soul together 维持生活

keep in mind 记住

keep pace with 跟上，与……相适应

keep in touch with 与……保持联系

We read newspapers to keep track of current affairs. 我们看报纸以了解时事。With this sum, this family could hardly keep body and soul together. 这个家庭很难用这一点点钱来维持生计。Please keep watch on the situation. 请注视这情形。Here is a card. Please keep in touch with / keep track of each other. 这是名片，请保持联系。

[考点5]let 短语

① let out 发出(声音)；放掉；泄露

② let alone 更不用说(let...alone别管，不打扰)

③ let...be不要打扰，不理会

④ let down 辜负；使失望；做对不起……的事

⑤ let in 漏水，渗透；欺骗

[例旬]Who let the air out of my tyre? 谁把我轮胎里的气放掉了?

Keep this to yourself. Don't let it out. 你要保守秘密。别把它泄漏了。

I couldn't afford to rent a house like that, let alone buy it. 租那样的房子我都租不起，更不用说买下它了。

When John gets mad，just let him alone / be. 约翰生气时，不要管他。

He let the team down by not trying hard enough. 他没有尽力，给这个队伍抹了黑。

The boat lets in water. 这条船漏水。

[考例5](2004湖南) He accidentally ____ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn't been home for a couple of weeks.

　　 A. let out　 　B. took care

　　 C. made sure　　 D. made OUt

[考查目标]此题主要考查动词短语辨义。

[答案与解析]A　 take care当心，照看。make sure 确保。make out 认出，理解。题意是：他偶然地露出他和妻子吵架已经几个星期没回家这个秘密。

[牛刀小试2]

9. The crowd broke into loud cheers when the star's car

[短语归类]

[考点2]be + adj. + of短语

① be aware of 知道；意识到

② be tired of 厌烦

③ be critical of 挑……的毛病

④ be conscious of 意识到；知道

⑤ be short of 缺少

⑥ be fond of 喜欢

[例句] He wasn't aware of the danger. 他没有意识到危险。

I'm tired of having the same kind of food every day. 我天天吃同样的东西感到腻了。

He is critical of grammar in the speech of other persons. 他爱挑别人讲话中的语法错误。

Was he conscious of what he was saying at the time?他当时知道自己在说些什么吗?

[考例2]Are you ____ of the difficulty in dealing with the matter?

　　 A. proud　　 B. short　 C. aware　　 D. fond

f考查目标] 此题主要考查短语辨义。

[答案与解析]C　 be proud of 以……为自豪。加short of 缺少。be fond of 喜欢。题意是：在处理这个问题

时你意识到困难了吗?

[考点3]be + adj. + to短语

① be similar to 和……相似

② be sensitive to 对……敏感，易感受……

③ be polite to sb 对……有礼貌

④ be friendly to 对……友好

⑤ be rude / unkind to 对……粗鲁／不友好

[例句] My new dress is similar to the one you have. 我的新衣服和你的那件相似。

She is sensitive to what people think of her. 她很敏感人们对她是怎么想的。

[考例3]His ears are highly ____ to any unusual sound in the machine.

　　 A. active　　 B. similar

　　 C. conscious　　 D. sensitive

[考查目标]此题主要考查形容词短语。

[答案与解析]D　 根据介词搭配。可排除A、c两项。根据句意，B项不合题意。题意是：他的耳朵对机器中任何不正常的声音都十分敏感。

[考点4]break短语

① break away from 摆脱；脱离

② break off 中断，停止

③ break down (车)抛锚；(计划，谈判等)失败；失败；(身体)垮了；分解

④ break out 爆发；突然发生(争吵，疾病等)

⑤ break into 强行进入

⑥ break through 突破；打通；取得重大成果

⑦ break forth 突然进发

⑧ break up 拆散；分解

[例句] It is difficult to break away from a bad habit. 改掉一个坏习惯是困难的。

He broke off speaking to answer the telephone. 他停止说话去接电话。

The peace talks have broken down. 和平谈判失败了。

A fire broke out at night. 夜里发生了一场火灾。

The thieves planned t0 break into the bank. 盗贼们策划闯入银行。

The river broke through its banks, and flooded the country for many miles around. 河水决堤，淹没了方圆

许多英里的乡村。

Scientists hope to break through soon in their fight against SARS. 科学家们在与非典的斗争中希望不久有重大成果。

A shout of joy broke forth. 突然发出一阵欢呼声。

[考例4](2005湖北)To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break it ____ into parts.

　　 A. down　 B. up　 C. off　 D. out

[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语辨义。

[答案与解析]A　 break down“分成细目，分解”；break up(to divide into smaller pieces) 强调的是一种物理上的分解变化；break off (to come apart)；break out (to begin，usually suddenly)。

[考点1]含for的动词短语

① allow for 顾及；把……考虑进去；准备会有

② do for 没法处理；料理；使完蛋．毁掉

③ compete for 竞争，争夺

④ provide for 抚养，养活；防备

⑤ prepare for 为……而准备

⑥ wish for 希望；想要

⑦ care for 关心；照顾

⑧ fight for 为……而战／斗争=struggle for

⑨ go for a walk 去散步

⑩ head for 挺进

⑩ search for 寻找=hunt for

⑩ hope for 希望得到

[例句] It takes about an hour to get there, allowing for possible traffic delay. 把路上可能的耽搁算进去，大约一个小时能到那里。

What / How will you do for drinking water while crossing the desert? 你们穿越沙漠时将怎样解决饮用水问题呢?

At the end of a long day， I'm just about done for. 一整天下来，我几乎累垮了。

He was clever enough to compete for the mathematics scholarship. 他十分聪明，有能力去竞争数学奖学金。

He died without providing for his widow. 他死了，没有给他的遗孀留下生活费用。

The government has to provide for / against a possible oil shortage in the coming months. 政府不得不预防未来几个月里可能出现的石油短缺。

John is preparing for the coming examination. 约翰正准备即将来临的考试。

How he wishes for a glass of cold water! 他多么想要一杯凉水啊!

▲友情提示：wish和hope后不能直接接名词，必须接for后才能接名词。

[考例1](2005北京)It's the present situation in poor areas that ____ much higher spending on education and training.

　　 A. answers for　　　　 B. provides for

　　 C. calls for　　　　　　 D. plans for

[考查目标]此题主要考查短语辨义。

[答案与解析]c answer for“对……负责”；provide for“准备，防备”；call for“需要，要求”；plan for “考虑到……”。题干使用的是强调句型．句意为：“正是贫时地区的当前情况要求在教育和培训方面更多的投入”。

8. He ____ the animal cruelly.