涎水(xián)　尴尬(ɡān　gà)　

凹凼(dànɡ)　黏性(nián)　

镶嵌(qiàn)　蹿上(cuān)　

倔强(jué　jiànɡ)　门槛(kǎn)　

庄稼茬(chá)　硌(ɡè)　

2．在你的周围有像老王这样的人吗?他有什么样的特点？　在周记本里记下来。

1． 试以老王为第一人称，改写课文中老王给“我”送香油、鸡蛋这一部分。　　

　引导学生深入领会人物思想感情。以老王为第一人称，就要描写老王的心理活动，要在领会思想感情的基础上充分展开想像。

3．比较下边每组两个句子，联系上下文，说说①在表达上的好处。

　　①他送伪冰比他前任送的大一倍，冰价相同。

　　 ②他送的冰比前一个三轮车工人送的大一倍，冰价相同。

①句“前任”一词简练之至，大词小用，又很风趣。

①我强笑说：“老王，这么新鲜的大鸡蛋，都给我们吃?”

②我笑着说：“老王，这么新鲜的大鸡蛋，都给我们吃?”

①句“强笑”一词，不但准确，而且含蓄，透露自己见到老王病成那个样子，还拿东西来谢“我们”，心里有说不出的悲酸和感动。

　　　①我在家听到打门，开门看见老王直僵僵地镶嵌在门框里。

　　　②我在家听到打门，开门看见老王直僵僵地站立在门口。

　　①句说“镶嵌在门框里”，夸张的手法，强调了老王步履维艰，身体僵直的形态。

○布置作业：(选作一题)

2．这篇写人记事的散文，材料琐碎，但是经过作者的组织，成为一个有机整体。作者是怎样组织的?

引导学生先列提纲，再探究为什么这样安排。

指导与明确：作者是兼用逻辑顺序和时间顺序来编排的。开头四段先写老王的三点基本情况。这三点是按逻辑顺序安排的。一是职业，这是老王的谋生手段，二是生理缺陷，这是老王谋生的困难，三是居住条件，这是前两点的结果，收入少，当然生活苦。下面三段，按时间顺序，回忆老王的工作与为人，两个片断写他为人好，一个片断写“文革”时期，他的生计越来越艰难。最后一个片断，是老王离世前一天的事情，最能见出老王心地善良。

作者是以与老王的交往为线索的。坐老王的三轮，一路说说闲话，作者平易近人，老王也肯把身世相告。写老王眼疾，说到女儿给他大瓶鱼肝油，可见一家人对老王很照顾。老王对钱家也好，在服务费上双方总是非常客气。三轮改平板三轮，没法坐了，作者还是很关心老王，对老王有好处，所以老王总觉得欠了一笔人情，在生命最后的日子也要表示感谢。以彼此交往为线索，全文一脉相承，成为一个有机的整体。

1．为什么作者一家对老王那样的不幸者能那么关心、爱护?社会地位、生活条件比较优越的人往往瞧不起卑微者，要有什么精神才能像作者那样尊重人、理解人、关心人?

　　从文章看，最主要的是平等观念。在作者那里，人是生而平等的，各人境遇不同，甚至差别很大，不过是幸运与不幸造成的差别。所谓幸与不幸，包括天赋条件、成长条件、生理条件，幸运者只有关爱不幸者的责任，没有歧视不幸者的理由。有平等意识，才会平等对话，才会感觉人家上门来“没请他坐坐喝口茶水”是很抱歉的。

　　再是人道主义精神。这种精神要求社会关心个人、同情个人，尊重个人对社会作出的贡献，尊重人格，维护社会成员的基本权利，并促进全体劳动者的全面发展。作者一家对老王是怀有这种精神的。知道老王有夜盲症，就送了大瓶鱼肝油。他们总是照顾老王生意，坐他的车，让他挣点钱。老王收钱常常客气，他们总是照原价付。平板三轮不敢坐了，还是关心老王是否能维持生活。总之，对不幸者怀有一颗爱心，才能这么关心人，爱护人。

　　老王在生命最后的日子里，身子僵直，样子非常怕人，作者心里只有同情和悲酸。老王死了好几年了，作者每每想起来还感觉有愧于这个不幸者，总觉得在他生前，对他关爱不够。所有这些，都是社会主义人道主义精神，正是公民道德建设所提倡的。

11. Choosing an Occupation Every one faces the problem of choosing an occupation after graduation from college or university, which plays a vital role in his life. An appropriate occupation makes a man work with zest(热情) and vigor, as well as contribute to his country. To make a wise choice, two important things should be taken into consideration. One is the interest, the other, the demands of people and society. Only if the two aspects are connected, can a man show his talent and ability to the best advantage. If the two conflict, the former should be under the latter, for the people's interests are more important than the individual's. In regard to my choice in the future, I am fond of learning foreign languages; what is more, with the implementation of the Open-Door Policy, exchange between home and abroad in economy and culture has been growing significantly, thus I'm determined to be a qualified interpreter. 12. The Brain and the Computer Some recent developments in the computer industry make scientists predict that the gap between human beings and machines will be closed about the year 20000. To understand the significance of this prediction let us compare the human brain with existing computers. The brain consumes electrical energy at the rate of 25 watts and occupies a volume of one tenth of a cubic foot. The brain houses between 10 billion and 100 billion items of information. Every brain cell is directly connected to many other cells. As a result, the cells in which information is stored can communicate with thousands of other cells. However, the computer consumes 1000,000 watts of electrical power and occupies hundreds of cubic feet of space. Its million items of immediately accessible information. In contrast, the computer memory is like a cell of pigeonholes, with no thinking capacity and no connections elsewhere. In a word, the electronic brains are hopelessly inadequate in comparison with the human brains. 13. Health and Life As the saying goes, you don’t know what happiness is until you lose it’ you don’t know what health is until you are ill. “Health is of vital importance to life” sounds like a cliche to everyone, but it is absolutely true. The negligence of the delicate balance of your body and soul, the harmful habits such as smoking, excessive drinking and burning mid-night oil will catch up with you someday. How many big plans are interrupted by bad health! Even a normal life is unimaginable without the guarantee of health. How to keep fit is an eternal topic of diversity and controversy. Regardless of all the different suggestions poured from all kinds of sources, one should do at least two things for him/herself. First, hold an active and optimistic attitude toward life and maintain a mental well-being. Second, live a regular life and keep a balanced diet. Anyway, a healthy life is within reach when you begin to adjust your mind and body. 14. Energy Resources China is rich in various energy resources. Coal and petroleum, for instance, are two major ones. They are essential in developing the country's industry, science and technology. China has done a great deal in the past few decades to raise its output of coal and petroleum. Three energy resources are being used up rapidly, With the building of four modernization, new industrial and science projects are springing up like bamboo shoots after rain. They are all big consumers of energy resources. Besides there has been considerable waste in the utilization of these resources. 　 　 　To avoid an energy crisis in the future, the government must take certain measures. First, it should let people know the importance of saving energy. Second, efforts should be made to develop new energy resources, such as solar energy, geothermal(地热) energy and so on. We have reason to be optimistic in this respect. 15. Competition Competition makes people original and creative. It very necessary to compete if human society wants to advance. (Even animals compete for survival.) Without it, we would become lazy and nobody would rake any responsibility. When three monks live together, there will be no drinking water. This Chinese proverb vividly describes why China's productivity was so low before Mr Deng came to power. At that time, we had the so-called planned economy. There was no competition at all. So neither farmers nor workers worked hard. China was on the edge of collapse. Competition can stimulate people to try their best to do anything. For example, in 100-meter race, each sportsman runs as quickly as possible, trying to win the champion. The same things happen in our society and in our daily life. If a company wants to surpass others, it must compete with them. It must raise its efficiency. All the companies doing this will no doubt benefit the whole society and the whole human race. 　 　 　Being a student, I must compete with other students in our studies. I must study hard in all the fields so that I can be a useful man when I enter the society after graduation. 16.Students’ Part-time jobs There are many advantages for a student to have a part time job. For instance, it helps him to realize that no success comes from nothing. It enables him to be independent and builds up his self-confidence. Therefore, part-time jobs can get the students out of the ivory tower and give them the opportunity to know more of himself and of his personal value in society. As everything has two sides, the disadvantages can’t be ignored. Part-time jobs cut into students’ study time; some even become so preoccupied with making money that they ca ‘t focus their attention on studying. In the end, the students may fall behind or fail in their studies. In my opinion, students can choose to take up a job according to their own situation. The most important thing is for him to keep a good balance, put his study on top of the list and assign an adequate amount of time to it. 17.Wealth and Happiness Everybody wants to get wealth. In today’s material world, making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money, they can but nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood; with money, they can own stately luxury cars. Wealth seems with money, they can own stately luxury cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life. In my opinion, people cannot do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will and to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word, you should have money spent for more people, only then can money be the source of your happiness. 18.Ideals Everyone has his ideals. A businessman wishes to make greater profit; a farmer expects bumper harvests; a student tries to learn more and better. And everyone strives, with more or less effort, to realize his ideal. One should be sensible about whether his ideal is well founded or not. If it is, one has to plan and work hard for its realization. Effort, skill and persistence are all necessary. And very often, one has to get help from others, including advice and support in one form or another. My ideal is to become a doctor, It is said that the field of medicine is a well-paid profession, but I take it as a lofty profession entrusted with saving people’s lives. To realize my ideal I have concentrated on laboratory work to develop the analytical skills necessary to become a qualified doctor. I am sure I will realize my ideal if I persevere in this pursuit. 19.Popular Sports in China Sports are flourishing in china now. More and more people are willing to take part in sports of different kinds, such as table-tennis, football, volleyball, and so on. Every year there are many matches played on the city, provincial or national level. Sports are no longer limited to a few professional players. 　 　 　Early in the morning people may be seen doing exercise. Martial arts (like Chinese boxing or swordplay) which formerly were cultivated for self-defense, now have become a form of physical exercise and are practiced in parks, streets, gardens, or on campuses. In addition young and old people are also often seen running in order to build up their bodies. China promotes sports to enhance the physical condition of its people; she is formulating policies to provide encouragement of this activity. She awards prizes to the excellent players for the best records both in china and the world. In the world the Chinese have become a strong people instead of “the weaklings of East Asia”. 20.Is Failure a Bad Thing? Failure is what often happens. It is everywhere in our life. Students may fail in exams, scientists may fail in their research work, and athletes may fail in competitions. Although failure happens to everyone, attitudes towards failure are various. Some people don’t think their failure is a very important thing at all. So they pay no attention to it. As a result, they will have the same failure a period later. Some people think themselves are fools and lose their hearts in everything after they get a failure. Consequently, they spend their time and energy on useless things and they may really be fools as they have thought. Other people are quite different from the two kinds of people mentioned above. Instead of being distressed and lost, they draw a lesson from every failure and become more experienced. After hard work, they will be successful in the end. It is said that failure is the mother of success. Success will be gained after times of failures so long as we are good at drawing lesson from our failures. 　 　 　In my opinion, failure is not a bad thing, the really bad thing is taking a failure as failure or even lose our heart after failure. 21.Modernization of Family Life With the rapid development of the society, family life is becoming modernized. Years ago, people considered owing radios, sewing machines, watches and bicycles as being modernized. But in recent years, almost all families have TV sets, refrigerators and washing machines. It is very common to see people ride motorcycles or even drive private cars and more and more families have telephones, computers and air-conditioners. The modernization of family life brings us convenience and comfort. One may enjoy TV or radio programs, communicate with his friends through telephone or work with his computer while his washing machine, refrigerator and air-conditioners are running. And by car or motorcycle one can quickly reach wherever he wants to go. In spite of this, these modern facilities also bring us disadvantages. For example, radiation from TV sets and computers is harmful to our health; improper driving of cars and motorcycles becomes the major cause of traffic accidents. The quietness of a family is often disturbed by a falsedialing or unwelcome phone call. But it is believed that these disadvantages will be disposed of with the improvement of modernization and our life will be more healthy and more comfortable.

1.On Open Policy The open policy means that our country is open to investment, trade and technical and economic cooperation with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. The purpose of open policy is to acquire advanced technology, management skills to serve our socialist construction so as to promote the realization of the four modernizations. We must adhere to the open policy. Because economic relations between states today have become increasingly close, and no country can possibly advance behind close doors. Only in this way, can we gradually close the gap between our country and the developed countries. Through the implementation of policy, we can learn advanced technology and managerial expertise from abroad; make full use of the foreign capitals to set up great enterprises; absorb useful and healthy ideas and new knowledge of the modern civilization; and broaden our views and raise our level of competence. 　 2. The place of Science and Technology in Modern Life. Human life can not continue without science and technology. For many years, human society has developed with the advance of science and technology while the development of science and technology has in turn brought the process to mankind. So the life we are living now is more civilized than that of our fore fathers. The development of science and technology have brought about many changes in people's life. For example, the invention of television and space rocket have opened a new era for mankind. Through the use of TV people can hear the sound and learn the events happening thousands of miles away. Owing to the invention of spaceship and rocket, the dream of man's landing on the moon has now come true. Science and technology also play an important role in our socialist construction. We may say, our socialist construction is just like a skyscraper, while science and technology are its base. Without the base, the skyscraper can't be built. Therefore, we should try our best to contribute to the development of science and technology so as to provide a more solid base to build our country. 3. Importance of Education China, as a developing country, is determined to catch up with and even surpass the developed ones. I think that one of the best possible ways to do so is to give first priority(优先)to the development of culture, science and especially education. In modern times, when science and technology are making great progress, the education of the work force is of primary importance. Moreover, many of the success in advanced countries have demonstrated that a nation 's prosperity mainly depends on the quality of its labour force, namely those who have been well educated. In a developing country such as China, our investment in culture, education and science, and especially elementary education, must enjoy top priority. This is crucial(决定性的)for China to catch up with the developed nations in today's surging(汹涌的) waves of technological revolution. Otherwise, the gap between China and advanced countries will be widened rather than bridged. 4. Air Pollution Air pollution is one of the major problems of the modern world. A great deal of energy is needed to run the factories of modern industrial nations. Automobile, trains, planes and busses need energy, too. Nearly all of this energy is produced by burning fuels. The burning produces wastes, some of which remain in the air, causing air pollution. Scientists are finding ways to stop air pollution especially in big industrial areas and densely-populated cities. They are studying new ways of generating electricity that may be less damaging to the environment. In the meantime, many power plants are being modernized to give off less polluted material. Also, engineers try to design and locate new power plants to do minimum damage to the environment. However, it may be that we still have a long way to go before we have a "clean" world. Nearly all of the countries are trying hard to prevent and control air pollution. There indeed seems to be no end to tasks that environmentalists will be required to do. People will continually find new ways to control pollution. 5. Environmental Protection Today the quality of our natural environment has become an important issue. The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources and at the same time polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, life on earth cannot survive. Concerned people have made some progress in environmental protection. Governments of many countries have established laws to protect the air, forests and sea resources and to stop environmental pollution. Still more measures should be taken to solve environmental problems. People should be further educated to recognize the importance of the problems, to use modern methods of birth control, to conserve(保存) our natural resources and recycle(再循环) our products. 　We are sure that we can have a better and cleaner place in the future. 6. Automobiles Automobiles, as a product of modern civilization, have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of human society. Industry needs automobiles for farming as well as transportation. Every day, automobiles drive people to and from work. On weekends automobiles take families for joyful outings. And during holiday seasons, automobiles fill the highways everywhere, even in remote areas. It could be said that the wheels of automobiles move society forward. But automobiles have also given rise to a series of problems. For example, cities are overcrowded with automobiles. They create a lot of noise and traffic accidents which disable(伤残) or kill many people each year. Worst of all perhaps is the air pollution caused by the exhaust gases produced by automobiles. Some of the gases are highly toxic(有毒的) and a serious health hazard. 7. Computer The computer is widely used in all fields of society. Today, wherever you go, you will find computers being used. For example, computers are used in universities, large corporations, and small offices, etc. It has even entered the homes of ordinary people. As it is able to store and process a large amount of information, the computer bring about great convenience and high efficiency to people of all walks of life. Computers can help people in different ways. For example, computer help scientists in analyzing data and doing complex calculation. For another example, computers are made use of by engineers in designing a plane, or a spaceship. Besides, computers may also play a great role in helping children with their lesson. Whatever you are doing, you many find computer a useful aid. However, the computer must be designed and instructed by man. What is more, it is true that computers can make decisions, but they need detailed instructions and programs prepared by humans to operate. Therefore, the computer can never replace the human brain. 8. Travelling It is exciting to visit different places. As you travel, you will see beautiful sceneries typical of the region. Besides, you can meet and make friends with people of different colors and races. Finally, you can get to know the customs and living habits of the local people. Today people are so fond of travelling that tourism has become one of the faster growing industries in most countries. The main reason why people travel is, perhaps, for pleasure. For example, having worked hard throughout the weekdays, people will find a widened trip to the nearby mountains or beaches a real relaxation. For another example, spending an annual holiday travelling abroad is an especially satisfying experience for those who do not have much of an opportunity to be away from their homelands. When people return from their travel, they will generally feel fresh and energetic, ready to work harder. Travelling is also one of the best means for learning. You may have read or heard about something but you can never get an accurate picture of it until you see it for yourself. Seeing is believing. Furthermore, if you area careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the geography, biology, and history of the places you visit. No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through travelling. The knowledge acquired from travel, as you will have found in your life, is no less valuable than that from any influential reference book. 9. The World Population Explosion The human race has experienced a consistent increase in population since the beginning of its history. Famine and disease have done little to offset(抵消)this steady increase. Too many people are added annually to the population of the world. So both the causes of population increase and the results of having more people are worth careful study. Culture evolution is the major factor responsible for population increase. Early in human development, people invented tools to hunt animals. Later they built shelters to protect themselves. Step by step, they made life easier. As a result, fewer died from natural forces, such as harsh climate and disease. In the past, when population grew, there was unexplored territory to inhabit. But now, almost all the habitable land has been explored. The world's population may reach 8.7 billion in 2033. It is clear that world population is a serious issue that needs careful attention. Human beings are unique to solve problems through cultural evolution.(发展) Facing the world population explosion in the near future. We must carry out the birth control program in order to save the mankind and save the world. 10. Opening-door Policy is the Only Way to Make China StrongModern Chinese history leads us to the conclusion that socialism, not capitalism is best for China. But how a socialist China should look at capitalism and more importantly, make use of the better side of capitalism for its own advantage is of vital(至关) importance to the country. As far as our country's economic construction is concerned, taking advantage of the part of capitalism that is useful to us means we need to develop foreign trade, introduce advanced technology and better management, and make use of foreign funds. It also means we can absorb some of the economic theories, and make use of those economic policies, methods and measures that comply with(遵循) the law of mass production and a commodity economy. By opening our windows wider to the outside world, people can learn more about other peoples and learn to make sensible judgments. Absorbing the better part of the cultures of other people to enrich ourselves is the best way to safeguard our socialist culture. So taking advantage of capitalism and stepping up economic reforms is the only way to make China strong. Closing the county to international exchanges will only keep it weak.

11、物质的量浓度相同的下列溶液中，符合按pH由小到大顺序排列的是

A. Na₂CO₃、NaHCO₃、NaCl、NH₄Cl

B. Na₂CO₃、NaHCO₃、NH₄Cl、NaCl

C. (NH₄)₂SO₄、NH₄Cl、NaNO₃、Na₂S

D. NH₄Cl、(NH₄)₂SO₄、Na₂S、NaNO₃

10、在医院中，为酸中毒病人输液不应采用

A　 0.9%氯化钠溶液　　　 B　 0.9%氯化铵溶液

C　 1.25%碳酸氢钠溶液　　 D　 5%葡萄糖溶液