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8. hold one’ s breath 屏息;屏住气

[典例]

1). How long can you hold your breath for? 你能屏住呼吸多久?

2). The audience held its/their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope. 杂技演员走钢丝时, 观众都屏住了呼吸。

[短语归纳] breath短语:

(be) out of/short of breath 呼吸急促;喘不过气来;上气不接下气     catch one’ s breath屏住气;歇口气

lose one’ s breath 气喘嘘嘘;上气不接下气                    get one’ s breath 恢复正常呼吸

waste one’ s breath (on sb/sth)(对某人/某事物)白费唇舌        save one’ s breath不必白费唇舌

[练习] 用breath短语填空。

1). He ______ ______ ______ while the results were read out.

2). They won’ t listen, so don’ t ______ ______ ______ telling them.

3). It’ s useless talking to him. You may as well ______ ______ ______.

4). It took us a few minutes to ______ ______ ______ ______after the race.

5). I’ m a bit ______ ______ ______ after my run.

答案:1). held his breath  2). waste your breath  3). save your breath  4). get our breath back   5). out of breath

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7. keep one’ s word (= keep one’ s promise) 守信用;履行诺言

[典例]

He never keeps his word. 他从不履行诺言。

[短语归纳] word短语:

break one’ s word/promise 违背诺言,失信       Word came that… 有消息传来说……      

leave word 留言,口信                       have/say the last word下结论;说了算    

have a word with sb. 和某人说几句话               have words with sb. 与某人争吵

take back one’s words 收回自己说过的话           in other words 换句话说,也就是说

in a/one word 总之,简言之            in words 用文字               beyond words 无法用语言表达

[练习] 用word词组填空。

1). His score was only 53. ______ ______ ______, he failed in the exam.

2). Could I ______ ______ ______ with you, Miss Jones?

3). You’ ll find that she is a girl who always ______ ______ ______.

4). ______ ______ _______, I think he’ s a fool.

答案:1). In other words   2). have a word  3). keeps/breaks her word  4). In a word

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6. turn up 出现;到达;发现;调大(音量等)

[典例]

1). It’ s time for the meeting, but he hasn’ t turned up. 到开会的时间了,但他还没到。

2). Please turn up the radio. I want to listen to the news. 请把收音机音量调大, 我想听听新闻。

[短语归纳] turn 短语:

turn on打开(煤气、自来水、电灯等)               turn off 关上              turn down减弱,降低,拒绝

turn around/about 转过身来                   turn away 转过头

turn out生产,制造;(常与to, that连用)结果是  turn to sb./sth. (for help) 向……求助,查阅

[练习] 用turn词组填空。 

1). Don’ t worry. The file is sure to ______ ______.

2). Please ______ the television ______ a bit, I can’ t hear clearly.

3). It ______ ______ that it was Tim who broke the vase.

4). The sad child ______ ______ his mother for comfort.

答案:1). turn up   2). turn; up   3). turned out   4). turned to

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5. look forward to 盼望;期待

[典例]

1). I’m looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation. 我期待暑假见到你。   

2). I’ m really looking forward to our vacation. 我盼望着假期早日到来。

[短语归纳] 短语中to是介词,后接名词、代词及动词-ing形式:

lead to导致;通向         object to反对          refer to查阅;提到        stick to粘住;坚持

add to 增加            add up to 总计      compare......to 把……比作  see to 负责,处理

get close to接近;差点      get down to着手做…… get/be used to 习惯于    pay attention to 注意……

put an end to 结束,停止    admit to 承认          devote...to 贡献……给;致力于……

[练习] 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1). The boy hurried forward ______ (see) the world-famous oil painting because he had been looking forward to ______ (see) it for a long time.

2). The day I had been looking forward to ______ (come).

3). I used to ______ (get) up late, but now I’ m used to ______ (get) up early.

答案:1). to see; seeing  2). came  3). get; getting

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4. play a trick/tricks on 对某人搞恶作剧/诈骗/开玩笑;对某人施计谋

[典例]

The kids are always playing tricks on their teacher. 孩子们老是对他们的老师搞恶作剧。

[短语归纳]

play a joke/jokes on sb. = make fun of sb. 开某人的玩笑              laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人

[练习] 填介词或用所给词的适当形式填空。

1). He was let in by playing a trick _______ (介词) the guard.

2). She hated _______ (play) tricks on in public.

答案:1). on   2). being played

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3. dress up 盛装;打扮;装饰           

[典例]

1). Don’ t bother to dress up. Come as you are. 用不著穿讲究衣服--就穿平常的衣服来吧。

2). We’re supposed to dress (ourselves) up as movie characters for the party. 我们在晚会上要装扮得像电影中的角色。

[短语归纳] dress短语:

dress up for sth. 为某事而盛装                    dress up as sb. 打扮成为某人

be dressed in 穿着(衣服或颜色)                 dress sb./oneself 给某人或自己穿衣服

[练习] 用dress构成的词组填空。

1). The boy ______ ______ ______ a short pant.

2). He ______ ______ ______ Christmas Father to amuse the children.

3). The kids are too young to ______ ______, so she has to ______ ______ every morning.

答案:1). was dressed in  2). dressed up as  3). dress themselves; dress them

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2. in memory of = to the memory of 纪念;追念  

[典例]

1). Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people. 很多典礼是为了纪念名人的。

2). The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist. 这个雕像是为了纪念那为有名的科学家而建立的。

[短语归纳] in + n. + of 短语:

in honour of 为了纪念……;向……表示敬意           in praise of 歌颂           in favor of 赞同, 支持   

in charge of 负责           in need of 需要         in search of 寻找           in possession of 拥有   

in place of 代替            

[练习] 用in + n. + of构成的词组填空。

1). A monument was set up ______ ______ ______ the dead soldiers.

2). He founded the charity (兴办那项慈善事业)______ ______ ______his late wife.

3). If you are ______ ______ ______ anything, don’ t hesitate to let me know.

4). In the discussion, I was ______ ______ ______ Mr. Li.

答案:1). in memory/honour of   2). in memory of 3). in need of    4). in favor of

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1. take place vi. 发生;举行

[典例]

1). The football match will take place tomorrow. 足球赛将在明天举行。

2). The accident took place/ happened only a block from my home. 事故发生在离我家仅一个街区远的地方。

[短语归纳]

take the place of (动词短语)代替/取代                 in place of (介词短语)代替;交换

take sb’ s place / take the place of sb. 坐某人的座位;代替某人的职务    in the last place 最后

in place 放在原来的位置;适合的,恰当的        out of place不在合适的位置;不适当的

in the first place (列举理由)首先,第一点            in one’s place 处于某人的位置,为某人设身处地想一想

[练习] 用place短语的适当形式填空。

1). A little gratitude would be _______ _______.

2). I’ m at a loss what to do next. What would you do (if you were ) _______ _______ _______?

3). Plastics have _______ _______ _______ _______ many other materials.

4). We use plastics _______ _______ _______ many other materials.

5). While the manager was on holiday, he _______ _______ _______.

答案: 1). in place  2). in my place   3). taken the place of   4). in place of  5). took his/her place

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8. forgive (forgave, forgiven) vt. 原谅;饶恕

[典例]

1). I’ ll never forgive you! 我永远都不会饶恕你!

2). He asked us to forgive him for what he had done wrong. 他请求我们原谅他的错误。

[重点用法]

forgive sb. (for) sth. 原谅某人的某事                 forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事

[练习] 完成句子或用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。

1). I’ ll never ______ ______ ______ ______ (因你所说的话而原谅你) you said to me.

2). They ______ (forgive) him for his crimes. 

3). Forgive my _______ (interrupt) you.

答案:1). forgive you for what  2). forgave  3). interrupting

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7. remind vt. 提醒;使想起

[典例]

1). This story reminds me of my childhood. 这个故事让我想起了我的童年。

2). I reminded Gerald of his promise. 我提醒吉罗德他曾许下的诺言。

3). Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow. 请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。

[重点用法]

remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事              remind sb. of / about sth. 提醒某人记住某事

remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事               remind sb. that... 提醒某人/使某人想起……

[练习] 中译英。

1). 这些照片使我想起我的童年。

__________________________________________________________________________________

2). 请提醒我要每天服三次药。

__________________________________________________________________________________

答案:1). These photos remind me of my childhood. 

2). Please remind me to take my medicine three times a day. 

Please remind me that I should take my medicine three times a day.

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