宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语

和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：

He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

I am sure (that) he will succeed.

3. 选择疑问句： 　　　　 选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况，让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接，or前面的部分读升调，or后面的部分读降调。 　　　　 选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答，而必须具体的选择答复。 　　　　 Is your bag yellow or black?　 It’s black.。 　　　　 Would you like some tea or coffee?　 Either will do.。 　　　　 Which do you like better, singing or dancing?　 I like dancing better. 4. 反意疑问句： 　　　　 反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句，问对方是否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。 (1)肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句，否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。 　　　　 I am your teacher, aren’t I? 　　　　 He didn’t study hard, did he? (2)如果陈述句中含有否定副词never(从不，决不)，hardly(几乎不)或其他表示否定代词或形容词，如nothing, none no one, nobody, neither, few, little等，则附加问句只能用肯定式。如： 　　　　 They hardly write to each other, do they? 　　　　 He has found nothing, has he? 　　　 Few people knew the secret, did they? (3)当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定附加问句”时，英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。英语回答时只看实际情况，若答语的具体内容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定结构”，答语的具体内容是否定的就用“No+否定结构”，而译成汉语时，则必须把yes译“不是”，把no译成“是的”。 　　　　 ---You won’t be away for long, will you? 你不会离开太久，是吗？ 　　 ---Yes, I will.不，我会离开很久。　 ---No, I won’t.是的，我不会离开很久。 　　 ---I don’t think she’ll come by bike, will she? 我认为她不会骑自行车，会吗？ 　　 ---Yes, she will.不，她会骑自行车来。　 ---No, she won’t.是的，她不会骑自行车来。 四. 由what, how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别 　感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“！”，读时用降调，感叹句往往由what或how引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词。 1. what引导的感叹句： 　(1)what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) 　　What a beautiful city it is! 　　What an interesting story she told! 　(2)what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) 　　What expensive watches they are! 　　What terrible weather it is! 2．How引导的感叹句： 　(1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语) 　　How cold it is! 　 　 How hard he works! 　(2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语) 　　How he loves his son!　　 How I miss you! 　(3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) 　　How tall a tree it is! (4)上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如： What a clever boy he is!→How clever the boy is! What a cold day it is!→How cold it is!

[实例解析] 1. (2004年上海徐汇区中考试题) 　 _________ useful computer it is! 　 A. What　 B. What a　 C. What an　 D. How 　 答案：B。该题考查的是感叹句的结构。这个感叹句的中心词是一单数可数名词computer, 所以要用what来修饰，又因为useful第一个发音是辅音，what之后的不定冠词用a,而不用an。 2. (2004年嘉兴市中考试题) 　 ---________ is it from Jiaxing to Hangzhou? 　 ---I’m not sure, but it takes about ninety minutes to get there by bus. 　 A. How many　 B. How often　 C. How much　 D. How far 　 答案：D。该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是在问距离，所以应用how far来提问。 3. (2004年河北省中考试题) 　 ---_______ will it take us to get there by bus? 　 ---About two hours. 　 A. How soon　 B. How often　 C. How long　 D. How quick 　 答案：C。该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是在问时间，所以应用how long来提问。 4. (2004年长沙市中考试题) 　 ---Help! There is a snake near the house. 　 ---________ afraid. It will go away later. 　 A. Don’t　 B. Not　 C. Don’t be　 D. Be 　 答案：C。该题考查的是祈使句的结构。祈使句的否定结构是：“Don’t(Never)+动词原形+其他成分” 符合这一要求的只有C。 [中考演练] 一. 单项填空 　 1. ---Excuse me, _______ is the nearest bookshop? 　　 ---Go down the street and turn left at the second corner. 　　 A. how　 B. what　 C. where　 D. who 　 2. ---______ is it from our school to the Bell Tower? 　　 ---About half an hour’s bus ride. Shall we go and visit it? 　　 A. How long　 B. How often　 C. How far　 D. How much 　 3. ---Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, _______? 　　 ---No. She got up too late. 　　 A. had she　 B. hadn’t she　 C. did she　 D. didn’t she 　 4. ---The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it? 　　 ---Of course. 　　 A. Will　 B. Would　 C. Do　 D. Shall 　 5. ---__________, sir? 　　 ---Size 41, I think 　　 A. What size do you need　 B. What can I do for you 　　 C. How do you like this shirt　 D. What’s the matter with you 　 6. ---_______ good weather! Why not go out for a walk? 　　 A. What　 B. How　 C. What a　 D. How a 　 7. ---It’s a nice car. ______ have you been in it? 　　 ---Just to Shanghai. 　　 A. How much　 B. How long　 C. How soon　 D. How far 　 8. ---_______ to the United States? 　　 ---No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago. 　　 A. Have you been　　 B. Have you gone 　　 C. Did you go　　　　 D. Will you go 　 9. ---_______ were you away from school last year? 　　 ---About two weeks. 　　 A. How often　 B. How soon　 C. How long　 D. When 　 10. ---______ do you want? 　　 ---I want a CD of popular songs. 　　 A. Which CD　　　　　 B. How many CDs 　　 C. What CD　　　　　　 D. How much 　 11. _______ is your mother, a teacher or a doctor? 　　 A. What　 B. Which　 C. Who　 D. whose 　 12. ---______ is your mother today, Jim? 　　 ---She is much better. 　　 A. How　 B. What　 C. Where　 D. How old 　 13. ---______he ______ at this school last term? 　　 ---Yes, I think so. 　　 A. Did…study　　　 B. Does…study 　　 C. Was…study　　　 D. Did…studied 　 14. ---_______ did you begin to learn English? 　　 ---Three years ago. 　　 A. When　 B. Why　 C. Where　 D. What 　 15. ---________ do you write to your pen-friend? 　　 ---Once a week. 　　 A. How long　 B. How soon　 C. How far　 D. How often 　 16. _______ nice flowers! Where did you pick them? 　　 A. How　 B. What　 C. What a　 D. How a 　 17. The sick man’s allowed to take a walk in the garden every day, _______? 　　 A. is he　 B. isn’t he　 C. has he　 D. hasn’t he 　 18.　 ______ cross the road before the traffic lights turn green. 　　 A. Not　 B. Won’t　 C. Don’t　 D. Doesn’t 　 19. He found nothing in the room, _________? 　　 A. doesn’t he　　　　　 B. does he 　　 C. didn’t he　　　　　 D. did he 　 20. You haven’t changed your mind, ________? 　　 A. do you　　　　　　 B. are you 　　 C. have you　　　　　 D. did you 二. 句型转换(按要求改写下列句子) 1. Bruce bought a dictionary yesterday. (改为否定句) 　 Bruce ________ ________ a dictionary yesterday. 2. Mr. Smith does morning exercises every day. (改为一般疑问句) 　 ________ Mr. Smith ______ morning exercises every day? 3. Allan will go back to England by plane next month. (就划线部分提问) 　 ________ _______ Allan go back to England next month? 4. There are some apples on the table. (改为否定句) 　 There _______ _______ apples on the table. 5. When she sees you, she will tell you the news(就划线部分提问) 　 _______ ______ she tell you the news? 6. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改写为否定句) 　 Uncle Wang _______ _______ making things. 7. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. (改为一般疑问句) 　 ________ Ann _______ the book to the library yesterday? 8. Our city is very beautiful. (改为感叹句) 　 _______ _______ our city is! 9. He has worked in this school for five years. (就划线部分提问) 　 _______ _______ has he worked in this school? 10. Both of them are my best friends. (改为否定句) 　 _______ of them _______ my best friend. 11. They are happy to see each other. (改为感叹句) 　 _______ ______ they are to see each other! 12. The exam begins at nine. (改为一般疑问句) 　 ________ the exam _______ at nine? 13. He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon. (就划线部分提问) 　 ______ ______ he ______ at four yesterday afternoon? 14. He had nothing for breakfast. (改为反意疑问句) 　 He had nothing for breakfast ______ _______? 15. She doesn’t think I can surf on the Internet. (改反意疑问句) 　 She doesn’t think I can surf on the Internet, _______ _______? 16. He’s put the tree in the hole? (改为一般疑问句) 　 ______ he ______ the tree in the hole? 17. How useful the book is! (改为陈述句) 　 It is ______ ______ useful book. 18. The population of Australia is about 19,500,000. (就划线部分提问) 　 _______ ______ population of Australia? 19. The meeting will start in ten minutes. (就划线部分提问) 　 _______ ______ will the meeting start? 20. Don’t tell him to come to my office. (改为肯定的祈使句) 　 ______ ______ to come to my office. 三. 句子翻译:根据所给汉语完成英语句子，每空一词。　 1. 我母亲通常在星期日打扫卫生，洗衣服。　 My mother usually _________ some cleaning and __________ on Sundays.　 2. 在今晚的聚会上我们肯定会玩得痛快。　 We’re __________ to have __________ at the party this evening.　 3. 你看明天有可能结束这项工作吗?　 Do you think _________ ________to finish the work tomorrow?　 4. 你怎样与你的邻居相处好?　 ________can you get on well ________ your neighbours? 5. 西安的新变化使参观者们感到惊奇。　 The _________ are __________ at the new changes in Xi’an.　 6. 天冷了，请穿上暖和的衣服。　 It’s cold. Please _______ _______ warm clothes. 7. 爱迪生在小时候就对科学感兴趣。 Edison _______ _______ _______ science even when he was a small boy.　 8. 尽管他失败了很多次，但他没有灰心。　 Even though he had failed many times, he didn’t _______ ________. 9. 无论发生什么事情，我都会和你在一起。　 ___________happens, I’ll be with you.　 10.楼上的噪音害得我整晚无法入睡。　 The noises upstairs made me not able to _______ _______all night.　 [练习答案] 一. 1.C 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.C 二. 1. didn’t buy 2.Does; do 3.How will 4.aren’t any 5.When will 6.doesn’t like 7.Did;her; is 11.How happy 12.Does; begin 13.What was; doing 14.did he 15. does she 16.Has; put 17.such a 18.What’s the 19.How soon 29.Tell him 三. 1. does; washing 2. sure; fun 3. it/ it’s possible 4. How; with 5. visitors; amazed/ surprised 6.put on 7. was interested in 8. lose heart 9. Whatever 10. fall asleep

1.B 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.D 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.C 16.C 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.D 21.C 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.B 26.A 27.B 28.C 29.B 30.C 31.B 32.D 33. C 34.B35.A 36.D 37.C 38.C 39.A 40.B 41.C 42.B 43.D 44.A 45.A 46.A 47.C 48.A 49.B 50.D

50. --- Hi, Kate. We're going to help Grandma Li with her housework this Saturday afternoon.

--- _________________________.

A．So I am　 B．So do I　 C．So I do　 D．So am I

[练习答案]

49. --- Where's Tom now?

--- He________________ the post office.

A．has been to B．has gone to　 C．went to　 D．goes to

48. --- Jone could swim when she was only four years old.

--- ______________clever the girl was!

A．How　 B．What a　 C．What　 D．How a

47. Could you tell me__________________ ?

A．where does Li Lei work　 B．where did Li Lei work

C．where Li Lei works　　 D．where Li Lei worked

46. The teacher told Xiao Ming_______________ late for school again.

A．not to be　 B．not be　 C．don't be　 D．not to

45. --- Does you sister remember to return the library book today?

--- Oh, yes. Thank you. She's_______________ it for two weeks.

A．kept　 B．had　 C．borrowed　 D．keeping

44. --- When did you go to bed last night?

--- I didn't go bed　 ____________my father got home.

A．until　 B．while　 C．after　 D．when